Adepiti AO, Elujoba AA, Bolaji OO (2014) In vivo antimalarial evaluation of MAMA decoction on Plasmodium berghei in mice. Parasitol Res. 113: 505–511. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00436-013-3680-0
Awe SO, Olajide OA, Oladiran OO, Makinde JM (1998) Antiplasmodial and antipyretic screening of Mangifera indica extract. Phytother Res. 12: 437–438.
Basilico N, Tognazioli C, Picot S, Ravagnani F, Taramelli D (2003) Synergistic and antagonistic interactions between haemozoin and bacterial endotoxin on human and mouse macrophages. Parassitologia 45: 135–140.
Bedri S, Khalil EA, Khalid SA, Alzohairy MA, Mohieldein A, Aldebasi YH, Seke Etet PF, Farahna M (2013) Azadirachta indica ethanolic extract protects neurons from apoptosis and mitigates brain swelling in experimental cerebral malaria. Malar J. 12: 298. https://doi.org/10.1186/1475-2875-12-298
Benoit-Vical F, Valentin A, Cournac V, Pélissier Y, Mallié M, Bastide JM (1998) In vitro antiplasmodial activity of stem and root extracts of Nauclea latifolia S.M. (Rubiaceae). J Ethnopharmacol. 61: 173–178. https://doi.org/10.1016/s0378-8741(98)00036-1
Bihonegn T, Giday M, Yimer G, Animut A, Sisay M (2019) Antimalarial activity of hydromethanolic extract and its solvent fractions of Vernonia amygdalina leaves in mice infected with Plasmodium berghei. SAGE Open Med. 7: 2050312119849766. https://doi.org/10.1177/2050312119849766
Boivin MJ, Bangirana P, Byarugaba J, Opoka RO, Idro R, Jurek AM, John CC (2007) Cognitive impairment after cerebral malaria in children: a prospective study. Pediatrics 119: e360–e366. https://doi.org/10.1542/peds.2006-2027
Camara A, Haddad M, Reybier K, Traoré MS, Baldé MA, Royo J, Baldé AO, Batigne P, Haidara M, Baldé ES, Coste A, Baldé AM, Aubouy A (2019) Terminalia albida treatment improves survival in experimental cerebral malaria through reactive oxygen species scavenging and anti-inflammatory properties. Malar J. 18: 431. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12936-019-3071-9
Carter JA, Mung'ala-Odera V, Neville BG, Murira G, Mturi N, Musumba C, Newton CR (2005) Persistent neurocognitive impairments associated with severe falciparum malaria in Kenyan children. J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry. 76: 476–481. https://doi.org/10.1136/jnnp.2004.043893
Dostert C, Guarda G, Romero JF, Menu P, Gross O, Tardivel A, Suva ML, Stehle JC, Kopf M, Stamenkovic I, Corradin G, Tschopp J (2009) Malarial hemozoin is a Nalp3 inflammasome activating danger signal. PLoS One. 4: e6510. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0006510
Elufioye TO, Agbedahunsi JM (2004) Antimalarial activities of Tithonia diversifolia (Asteraceae) and Crossopteryx febrifuga (Rubiaceae) on mice in vivo. J Ethnopharmacol. 93: 167–171. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jep.2004.01.009
Ezenyi IC, Salawu OA, Kulkarni R, Emeje M (2014) Antiplasmodial activity-aided isolation and identification of quercetin-4'-methyl ether in Chromolaena odorata leaf fraction with high activity against chloroquine-resistant Plasmodium falciparum. Parasitol Res. 113: 4415–4422. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00436-014-4119-y
Friedman J, Yaniv Z, Dafni A, Palewitch D (1986) A preliminary classification of the healing potential of medicinal plants, based on a rational analysis of an ethnopharmacological field survey among Bedouins in the Negev desert, Israel. J Ethnopharmacol. 16: 275–287. https://doi.org/10.1016/0378-8741(86)90094-2
Garrido G, Blanco-Molina M, Sancho R, Macho A, Delgado R, Muñoz E (2005) An aqueous stem bark extract of Mangifera indica (Vimang) inhibits T cell proliferation and TNF-induced activation of nuclear transcription factor NF-kappaB. Phytother Res.19: 211–215. https://doi.org/10.1002/ptr.1656
Idro R, Marsh K, John CC, Newton CR (2010) Cerebral malaria: mechanisms of brain injury and strategies for improved neurocognitive outcome. Pediatr Res. 68: 267-274. https://doi.org/10.1203/PDR.0b013e3181eee738
John CC, Bangirana P, Byarugaba J, Opoka RO, Idro R, Jurek AM, Wu B, Boivin MJ (2008) Cerebral malaria in children is associated with long-term cognitive impairment. Pediatrics 122: e92–e99. https://doi.org/10.1542/peds.2007-3709
Kemgne EA, Mbacham WF, Boyom FF, Zollo PH, Tsamo E, Rosenthal PJ (2012) In vitro sensitivity of Plasmodium falciparum field isolates to extracts from Cameroonian Annonaceae plants. Parasitol Res. 110: 109–117. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00436-011-2456-7
Kumar KA, Rajgopal Y, Pillai U, Babu PP (2003) Activation of nuclear transcription factor-kappa B is associated with the induction of inhibitory kappa B kinase-beta and involves differential activation of protein kinase C and protein tyrosine kinases during fatal murine cerebral malaria. Neurosci Lett. 340: 139–142. https://doi.org/10.1016/s0304-3940(03)00107-1
Medana IM, Turner GD (2006) Human cerebral malaria and the blood-brain barrier. Int J Parasitol. 36: 555–568. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijpara.2006.02.004
Ndjonka D, Bergmann B, Agyare C, Zimbres FM, Lüersen K, Hensel A, Wrenger C, Liebau E (2012) In vitro activity of extracts and isolated polyphenols from West African medicinal plants against Plasmodium falciparum. Parasitol Res. 111: 827–834. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00436-012-2905-y
Nour AM, Khalid SA, Kaiser M, Brun R, Abdalla WE, Schmidt TJ (2010) The antiprotozoal activity of methylated flavonoids from Ageratum conyzoides L. J Ethnopharmacol. 129: 127–130. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jep.2010.02.015
Ogunrinade FA, Guetchueng ST, Katola FO, Aderogba MA, Akande IS, Sarker SD, Olajide OA (2021) Zanthoxylum zanthoxyloides inhibits lipopolysaccharide- and synthetic hemozoin-induced neuroinflammation in BV-2 microglia: roles of NF-kB transcription factor and NLRP3 inflammasome activation. J Pharm Pharmacol. 73: 118–134. https://doi.org/10.1093/jpp/rgaa019
Ojewole JA (2005) Antiinflammatory, analgesic and hypoglycemic effects of Mangifera indica Linn. (Anacardiaceae) stem-bark aqueous extract. Methods Find Exp Clin Pharmacol. 27: 547–554. https://doi.org/10.1358/mf.2005.27.8.928308
Okpanyi SN, Ezeukwu GC (1981) Anti-inflammatory and antipyretic activities of Azadirachta indica. Planta Med. 41: 34–39. https://doi.org/10.1055/s-2007-971670
Olajide OA, Aderogba MA, Adedapo AD, Makinde JM (2004) Effects of Anacardium occidentale stem bark extract on in vivo inflammatory models. J Ethnopharmacol. 95: 139–142. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jep.2004.06.033
Olajide OA, Aderogba MA, Fiebich BL (2013) Mechanisms of anti-inflammatory property of Anacardium occidentale stem bark: inhibition of NF-kB and MAPK signalling in the microglia. J Ethnopharmacol. 145: 42–49. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jep.2012.10.031
Olajide OA, Awe SO, Makinde JM, Ekhelar AI, Olusola A, Morebise O, Okpako DT (2000) Studies on the anti-inflammatory, antipyretic and analgesic properties of Alstonia boonei stem bark. J Ethnopharmacol. 71: 179–186. https://doi.org/10.1016/s0378-8741(99)00200-7
Olanlokun JO, Bolaji OM, Agbedahunsi JM, Olorunsogo OO (2012) Therapeutic effects of various solvent fractions of Alstonia boonei (apocynaceae) stem bark on Plasmodium berghei-induced malaria. Afr J Med Med Sci. 41 Suppl: 27–33.
Owuor BO, Ochanda JO, Kokwaro JO, Cheruiyot AC, Yeda RA, Okudo CA, Akala HM (2012) In vitro antiplasmodial activity of selected Luo and Kuria medicinal plants. J Ethnopharmacol. 144: 779–781. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jep.2012.09.045
Pacher P, Beckman JS, Liaudet L (2007) Nitric oxide and peroxynitrite in health and disease. Physiol Rev. 87: 315–424. https://doi.org/10.1152/physrev.00029.2006
Pooladanda V, Thatikonda S, Bale S, Pattnaik B, Sigalapalli DK, Bathini NB, Singh SB, Godugu C (2019) Nimbolide protects against endotoxin-induced acute respiratory distress syndrome by inhibiting TNF-α mediated NF-kB and HDAC-3 nuclear translocation. Cell Death Dis. 10: 81. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41419-018-1247-9
Prato M, D'Alessandro S, Van den Steen PE, Opdenakker G, Arese P, Taramelli D, Basilico N (2011) Natural haemozoin modulates matrix metalloproteinases and induces morphological changes in human microvascular endothelium. Cell Microbiol. 13: 1275–1285. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1462-5822.2011.01620.x
Shio MT, Eisenbarth SC, Savaria M, Vinet AF, Bellemare MJ, Harder KW, Sutterwala FS, Bohle DS, Descoteaux A, Flavell RA, Olivier M (2009) Malarial hemozoin activates the NLRP3 inflammasome through Lyn and Syk kinases. PLoS Pathog. 5(8): e1000559. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.ppat.1000559
Tripathi AK, Sha W, Shulaev V, Stins MF, Sullivan DJ Jr (2009) Plasmodium falciparum-infected erythrocytes induce NF-kappaB regulated inflammatory pathways in human cerebral endothelium. Blood 114: 4243–4252. https://doi.org/10.1182/blood-2009-06-226415
Tripathi AK, Sullivan DJ, Stins MF (2006) Plasmodium falciparum-infected erythrocytes increase intercellular adhesion molecule 1 expression on brain endothelium through NF-kappaB. Infect Immun. 74: 3262–3270. https://doi.org/10.1128/IAI.01625-05
Udeinya IJ, Brown N, Shu EN, Udeinya FI, Quakeyie I (2006) Fractions of an antimalarial neem-leaf extract have activities superior to chloroquine, and are gametocytocidal. Ann Trop Med Parasitol. 100: 17–22. https://doi.org/10.1179/136485906X78508
Udeinya JI, Shu EN, Quakyi I, Ajayi FO (2008) An antimalarial neem leaf extract has both schizonticidal and gametocytocidal activities. Am J Ther. 15: 108–110. https://doi.org/10.1097/MJT.0b013e31804c6d1d
Velagapudi R, Kosoko AM, Olajide OA (2019) Induction of neuroinflammation and neurotoxicity by synthetic hemozoin. Cell Mol Neurobiol. 39: 1187–1200. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10571-019-00713-4
WHO (2020) World Malaria Report 2020. Geneva: World Health Organization.