[1] Mottet N, van den Bergh RCN, Briers E, Cornford P, De Santis M, Fanti S, et al. European Association of Urology Guidelines. 2020 Edition. 2020;presented at the EAU Annual Congress Amsterdam 2020.
[2] Emmett L, Metser U, Bauman G, Hicks RJ, Weickhardt A, Davis ID, et al. Prospective, Multisite, International Comparison of 18F-Fluoromethylcholine PET/CT, Multiparametric MRI, and 68Ga-HBED-CC PSMA-11 PET/CT in Men with High-Risk Features and Biochemical Failure After Radical Prostatectomy: Clinical Performance and Patient Outcomes. J Nucl Med 2019;60:794–800. https://doi.org/10.2967/jnumed.118.220103.
[3] Calais J, Ceci F, Eiber M, Hope TA, Hofman MS, Rischpler C, et al. 18F-fluciclovine PET-CT and 68Ga-PSMA-11 PET-CT in patients with early biochemical recurrence after prostatectomy: a prospective, single-centre, single-arm, comparative imaging trial. Lancet Oncol 2019;20:1286–94. https://doi.org/10.1016/S1470-2045(19)30415-2.
[4] Fendler WP, Calais J, Eiber M, Flavell RR, Mishoe A, Feng FY, et al. Assessment of 68Ga-PSMA-11 PET Accuracy in Localizing Recurrent Prostate Cancer: A Prospective Single-Arm Clinical Trial. JAMA Oncol 2019;5:856–63. https://doi.org/10.1001/jamaoncol.2019.0096.
[5] Pienta KJ, Gorin MA, Rowe SP, Carroll PR, Pouliot F, Probst S, et al. A Phase 2/3 Prospective Multicenter Study of the Diagnostic Accuracy of Prostate-Specific Membrane Antigen PET/CT with 18F-DCFPyL in Prostate Cancer Patients (OSPREY). J Urol 2021:101097JU0000000000001698. https://doi.org/10.1097/JU.0000000000001698.
[6] Calais J, Fendler WP, Eiber M, Gartmann J, Chu F-I, Nickols NG, et al. Impact of 68Ga-PSMA-11 PET/CT on the Management of Prostate Cancer Patients with Biochemical Recurrence. J Nucl Med 2018;59:434–41. https://doi.org/10.2967/jnumed.117.202945.
[7] Deandreis D, Guarneri A, Ceci F, Lillaz B, Bartoncini S, Oderda M, et al. 68Ga-PSMA-11 PET/CT in recurrent hormone-sensitive prostate cancer (HSPC): a prospective single-centre study in patients eligible for salvage therapy. Eur J Nucl Med Mol Imaging 2020;47:2804–15. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00259-020-04809-8.
[8] Valle L, Shabsovich D, de Meerleer G, Maurer T, Murphy DG, Nickols NG, et al. Use and Impact of Positron Emission Tomography/Computed Tomography Prior to Salvage Radiation Therapy in Men with Biochemical Recurrence After Radical Prostatectomy: A Scoping Review. Eur Urol Oncol 2021. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.euo.2021.01.007.
[9] Calais J, Armstrong WR, Kishan AU, Booker KM, Hope TA, Fendler WP, et al. Update from PSMA-SRT Trial NCT03582774: A Randomized Phase 3 Imaging Trial of Prostate-specific Membrane Antigen Positron Emission Tomography for Salvage Radiation Therapy for Prostate Cancer Recurrence Powered for Clinical Outcome. Eur Urol Focus 2021;7:238–40. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.euf.2020.12.009.
[10] Schiller K, Stöhrer L, Düsberg M, Borm K, Devecka M, Vogel MME, et al. PSMA-PET/CT-based Lymph Node Atlas for Prostate Cancer Patients Recurring After Primary Treatment: Clinical Implications for Salvage Radiation Therapy. Eur Urol Oncol 2021;4:73–83. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.euo.2020.04.004.
[11] Phillips R, Shi WY, Deek M, Radwan N, Lim SJ, Antonarakis ES, et al. Outcomes of Observation vs Stereotactic Ablative Radiation for Oligometastatic Prostate Cancer: The ORIOLE Phase 2 Randomized Clinical Trial. JAMA Oncol 2020;6:650–9. https://doi.org/10.1001/jamaoncol.2020.0147.
[12] Khan MA, Carter HB, Epstein JI, Miller MC, Landis P, Walsh PW, et al. Can prostate specific antigen derivatives and pathological parameters predict significant change in expectant management criteria for prostate cancer? J Urol 2003;170:2274–8. https://doi.org/10.1097/01.ju.0000097124.21878.6b.
[13] Fendler WP, Eiber M, Beheshti M, Bomanji J, Ceci F, Cho S, et al. 68Ga-PSMA PET/CT: Joint EANM and SNMMI procedure guideline for prostate cancer imaging: version 1.0. Eur J Nucl Med Mol Imaging 2017;44:1014–24. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00259-017-3670-z.
[14] Ceci F, Oprea-Lager DE, Emmett L, Adam JA, Bomanji J, Czernin J, et al. E-PSMA: the EANM standardized reporting guidelines v1.0 for PSMA-PET. Eur J Nucl Med Mol Imaging 2021. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00259-021-05245-y.
[15] Eiber M, Herrmann K, Calais J, Hadaschik B, Giesel FL, Hartenbach M, et al. Prostate Cancer Molecular Imaging Standardized Evaluation (PROMISE): Proposed miTNM Classification for the Interpretation of PSMA-Ligand PET/CT. J Nucl Med 2018;59:469–78. https://doi.org/10.2967/jnumed.117.198119.
[16] Trabulsi EJ, Rumble RB, Jadvar H, Hope T, Pomper M, Turkbey B, et al. Optimum Imaging Strategies for Advanced Prostate Cancer: ASCO Guideline. J Clin Oncol 2020;38:1963–96. https://doi.org/10.1200/JCO.19.02757.
[17] Fendler WP, Ferdinandus J, Czernin J, Eiber M, Flavell RR, Behr SC, et al. Impact of 68Ga-PSMA-11 PET on the Management of Recurrent Prostate Cancer in a Prospective Single-Arm Clinical Trial. J Nucl Med 2020;61:1793–9. https://doi.org/10.2967/jnumed.120.242180.
[18] Ferraro DA, Rüschoff JH, Muehlematter UJ, Kranzbühler B, Müller J, Messerli M, et al. Immunohistochemical PSMA expression patterns of primary prostate cancer tissue are associated with the detection rate of biochemical recurrence with 68Ga-PSMA-11-PET. Theranostics 2020;10:6082–94. https://doi.org/10.7150/thno.44584.
[19] Giovacchini G, Guglielmo P, Mapelli P, Incerti E, Gajate AMS, Giovannini E, et al. 11C-choline PET/CT predicts survival in prostate cancer patients with PSA < 1 NG/ml. Eur J Nucl Med Mol Imaging 2019;46:921–9. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00259-018-4253-3.
[20] Giovacchini G, Incerti E, Mapelli P, Kirienko M, Briganti A, Gandaglia G, et al. [11C]Choline PET/CT predicts survival in hormone-naive prostate cancer patients with biochemical failure after radical prostatectomy. Eur J Nucl Med Mol Imaging 2015;42:877–84. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00259-015-3015-8.
[21] Giovacchini G, Picchio M, Garcia-Parra R, Briganti A, Abdollah F, Gianolli L, et al. 11C-choline PET/CT predicts prostate cancer-specific survival in patients with biochemical failure during androgen-deprivation therapy. J Nucl Med 2014;55:233–41. https://doi.org/10.2967/jnumed.113.123380.
[22] Kwee SA, Lim J, Watanabe A, Kromer-Baker K, Coel MN. Prognosis Related to Metastatic Burden Measured by 18F-Fluorocholine PET/CT in Castration-Resistant Prostate Cancer. J Nucl Med 2014;55:905–10. https://doi.org/10.2967/jnumed.113.135194.
[23] Caroli P, De Giorgi U, Scarpi E, Fantini L, Moretti A, Galassi R, et al. Prognostic value of 18F-choline PET/CT metabolic parameters in patients with metastatic castration-resistant prostate cancer treated with abiraterone or enzalutamide. Eur J Nucl Med Mol Imaging 2018;45:348–54. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00259-017-3866-2.
[24] Celli M, De Giorgi U, Caroli P, Di Iorio V, Fantini L, Rossetti V, et al. Clinical value of negative 68Ga-PSMA PET/CT in the management of biochemical recurrent prostate cancer patients. Eur J Nucl Med Mol Imaging 2021;48:87–94. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00259-020-04914-8.
[25] Emmett L, Tang R, Nandurkar R, Hruby G, Roach P, Watts JA, et al. 3-Year Freedom from Progression After 68Ga-PSMA PET/CT-Triaged Management in Men with Biochemical Recurrence After Radical Prostatectomy: Results of a Prospective Multicenter Trial. J Nucl Med 2020;61:866–72. https://doi.org/10.2967/jnumed.119.235028.
[26] Pereira Mestre R, Treglia G, Ferrari M, Pascale M, Mazzara C, Azinwi NC, et al. Correlation between PSA kinetics and PSMA-PET in prostate cancer restaging: A meta-analysis. Eur J Clin Invest 2019;49:e13063. https://doi.org/10.1111/eci.13063.
[27] Ceci F, Castellucci P, Graziani T, Farolfi A, Fonti C, Lodi F, et al. 68Ga-PSMA-11 PET/CT in recurrent prostate cancer: efficacy in different clinical stages of PSA failure after radical therapy. Eur J Nucl Med Mol Imaging 2019;46:31–9. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00259-018-4189-7.
[28] Ceci F, Bianchi L, Borghesi M, Polverari G, Farolfi A, Briganti A, et al. Prediction nomogram for 68Ga-PSMA-11 PET/CT in different clinical settings of PSA failure after radical treatment for prostate cancer. Eur J Nucl Med Mol Imaging 2020;47:136–46. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00259-019-04505-2.
[29] Zaorsky NG, Calais J, Fanti S, Tilki D, Dorff T, Spratt DE, Kishan AU. Salvage therapy for prostate cancer after radical prostatectomy. Nat Rev Urol. 2021 Nov;18(11):643-668. doi: 10.1038/s41585-021-00497-7. Epub 2021 Aug 6. PMID: 34363040.
[30] Farolfi A, Ceci F, Castellucci P, Graziani T, Siepe G, Lambertini A, et al. 68Ga-PSMA-11 PET/CT in prostate cancer patients with biochemical recurrence after radical prostatectomy and PSA <0.5 ng/ml. Efficacy and impact on treatment strategy. Eur J Nucl Med Mol Imaging 2019;46:11–9. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00259-018-4066-4.
[31] Morris MJ, Rowe SP, Gorin MA, Saperstein L, Pouliot F, Josephson DY, et al. Diagnostic Performance of 18F-DCFPyL-PET/CT in Men with Biochemically Recurrent Prostate Cancer: Results from the CONDOR Phase 3, Multicenter Study. Clin Cancer Res 2021. https://doi.org/10.1158/1078-0432.CCR-20-4573.