[1] Arabnejad S, Johnston B, Tanzer M, et al. Fully porous 3D printed titanium femoral stem to reduce stress-shielding following total hip arthroplasty[J]. Journal of Orthopaedic Research, 2017, 35(8):1774-1783.
[2] Glassman A, Bobyn J, Tanzer M. New femoral designs do they influence stress shielding[J].Clinical Orthopaedics and Related Research, 2006, 453:64–74.
[3] Bobyn J D. Producing and avoiding stress shielding. Laboratory and clinical observations of noncemented total hip arthroplasty[J]. Clinical Orthopaedics and Related Research. 1992, 274(274):79.
[4] Niinomi M, Nakai M. Titanium-Based Biomaterials for Preventing Stress Shielding between Implant Devices and Bone[J]. International Journal of Biomaterials, 2011, 836-587.
[5] Sumner D R. Long-term implant fixation and stress-shielding in total hip replacement[J]. Journal of Biomechanics, 2015, 48(5):797-800.
[6] Gibson L J, Ashby M F, Harley B A. Cellular Materials in Nature and Medicine, first ed. Cambridge University Press, 2010.
[7] Albrektsson T, Brånemark P I, Hansson H A, et al. The interface zone of inorganic implants In vivo: Titanium implants in bone[J]. Annals of Biomedical Engineering, 1983, 11(1):1-27.
[8] Hayashi K, Uenoyama K, Matsuguchi N, et al. Quantitative analysis of in vivo tissue responses to titanium-oxide- and hydroxyapatite-coated titanium alloy[J]. Journal of Biomedical Material Research, 1991, 25(4):515-523.
[9] Cowin, SC. Wolff’s law of trabecular architecture at remodeling equilibrium[J]. Journal of Biomechanical Engineering, 1986, 108: 83–88.
[10] Fernandes P R, Ruben R B, Folgado J. 2010. Bone implant design using optimization methods. In: Ochsner A, Ahmed W, editors. Biomechanics of hard tissues: Modeling, testing, and materials. New York: John Wiley. p 267–296.
[11] Ruben R, Folgado J, Fernandes P. Three-dimensional shape optimization of hip prostheses using a multicriteria formulation. 6th World Congress on Structural and Multidisciplinary Optimization. 2007, 34:261–275.
[12] Al-Jassir FF, Fouad H, Alothman OY. In vitro assessment of Function Graded (FG) artificial Hip joint stem in terms of bone/cement stresses: 3D Finite Element (FE) study[J]. Biomedical Engineering Online, 2013, 12(5):1-17.
[13] Kim Y H, Kim J S, Cho S H. Strain distribution in the proximal human femur[J]. The Journal of Bone and Joint Surgery, 2001, 83(2):295-301.
[14] Afshar M, Anaraki A P, Montazerian H, et al. Additive manufacturing and mechanical characterization of graded porosity scaffolds designed based on triply periodic minimal surface architectures[J]. Journal of the Mechanical Behavior of Biomedical Materials, 2016,62:481-494.
[15] Terriault P, Brailovski V. Modeling and simulation of large, conformal, porosity-graded and lightweight lattice structures made by additive manufacturing[J]. Finite Element in Analysis and Design, 2018, 138:1-17.
[16] Dumas M , Terriault P , Brailovski V . Modelling and characterization of a porosity graded lattice structure for additively manufactured biomaterials[J]. Materials & Design, 2017, 121:383-392.
[17] Mehboob H, Tarlochan F, Mehboob A, et al. Finite element modelling and characterization of 3D cellular microstructures for the design of a cementless biomimetic porous hip stem[J]. Materials & Design, 2018, 149:101-112.
[18] Gibson L J . The mechanical behaviour of cancellous bone[J]. Journal of Biomechanics, 1985, 18(5):317-328.
[19] Simoneau C, Terriault P, Bruno J, et al. Development of a porous metallic femoral stem: Design, manufacturing, simulation and mechanical testing[J]. Materials & Design, 2017,114:546-556.
[20] Jetté B, Brailovski V, Dumas M,et al. Femoral stem incorporating a diamond cubic lattice structure: Design, manufacture and testing[J]. Journal of the Mechanical Behavior of Biomedical Materials, 2018, 77:58-72.
[21] Bruno Jetté, Brailovski V , Simoneau C , et al. Development and in vitro validation of a simplified numerical model for the design of a biomimetic femoral stem[J]. Journal of the Mechanical Behavior of Biomedical Materials, 2017, 77:539-550.
[22] Herrera A , Rebollo S , Ibarz E , et al. Mid-Term Study of Bone Remodeling After Femoral Cemented Stem Implantation: Comparison Between DXA and Finite Element Simulation[J]. The Journal of Arthroplasty, 2014, 29(1):90-100.
[23] Ye C Y, Liu A, Xu M Y, et al. Arthroplasty versus Internal Fixation for Displaced Intracapsular Femoral Neck Fracture in the Elderly: Systematic Review and Meta-analysis of Short- and Long-term Effectiveness[J]. Chinese Medical Journal, 2016, 129(21):2630-2638.
[24] Basafa E, Armiger R S, Kutzer M D, et al. Patient-specific finite element modeling for femoral bone augmentation[J]. Medical Engineering & Physics, 2013, 35(6):860-865.
[25] Nune K C, Misra R, Gai X, et al. Surface nanotopography-induced favorable modulation of bioactivity and osteoconductive potential of anodized 3D printed Ti-6Al-4V alloy mesh structure. Journal of Biomaterials Applications. 2018. 32(8): 1032-1048.