[1] Lord C, Elsabbagh M, Baird G, Veenstra-Vanderweele J. Autism spectrum disorder. The Lancet. 2018;392:508-20.
[2] Lai M-C, Lombardo MV, Baron-Cohen S. Autism. The Lancet. 2014;383:896-910.
[3] Foster JA, McVey Neufeld KA. Gut-brain axis: how the microbiome influences anxiety and depression. Trends in neurosciences. 2013;36:305-12.
[4] Olson CA, Vuong HE, Yano JM, Liang QY, Nusbaum DJ, Hsiao EY. The Gut Microbiota Mediates the Anti-Seizure Effects of the Ketogenic Diet. Cell. 2018;173:1728-41 e13.
[5] Parracho HM, Bingham MO, Gibson GR, McCartney AL. Differences between the gut microflora of children with autistic spectrum disorders and that of healthy children. Journal of medical microbiology. 2005;54:987-91.
[6] Coury DL, Ashwood P, Fasano A, Fuchs GJ, Geraghty M, Kaul A, et al. Gastrointestinal Conditions in Children With Autism Spectrum Disorder: Developing a Research Agenda. Pediatrics. 2012;130.
[7] Sharon G, Cruz NJ, Kang DW, Gandal MJ, Wang B, Kim YM, et al. Human Gut Microbiota from Autism Spectrum Disorder Promote Behavioral Symptoms in Mice. Cell. 2019;177:1600-18 e17.
[8] Hsiao EY, McBride SW, Hsien S, Sharon G, Hyde ER, McCue T, et al. Microbiota modulate behavioral and physiological abnormalities associated with neurodevelopmental disorders. Cell. 2013;155:1451-63.
[9] Buffington SA, Di Prisco GV, Auchtung TA, Ajami NJ, Petrosino JF, Costa-Mattioli M. Microbial Reconstitution Reverses Maternal Diet-Induced Social and Synaptic Deficits in Offspring. Cell. 2016;165:1762-75.
[10] Sgritta M, Dooling SW, Buffington SA, Momin EN, Francis MB, Britton RA, et al. Mechanisms Underlying Microbial-Mediated Changes in Social Behavior in Mouse Models of Autism Spectrum Disorder. Neuron. 2019;101:246-59 e6.
[11] Kang D-W, Adams JB, Gregory AC, Borody T, Chittick L, Fasano A, et al. Microbiota Transfer Therapy alters gut ecosystem and improves gastrointestinal and autism symptoms: an open-label study. Microbiome. 2017;5.
[12] Kang DW, Adams JB, Coleman DM, Pollard EL, Maldonado J, McDonough-Means S, et al. Long-term benefit of Microbiota Transfer Therapy on autism symptoms and gut microbiota. Scientific reports. 2019;9:5821.
[13] Bailey AJ, Hervas A, Matthews N, Palferman S, Wallace S, Aubin A, et al. A full genome screen for autism with evidence for linkage to a region on chromosome 7q International Molecular Genetic Study of Autism Consortium. Human Molecular Genetics. 1998;7:571-8.
[14] Butler MG, Rafi SK, Manzardo AM. High-resolution chromosome ideogram representation of currently recognized genes for autism spectrum disorders. International journal of molecular sciences. 2015;16:6464-95.
[15] Chen F. A posterior probability of linkage & association study of 111 autism candidate genes: Rutgers University-Graduate School-New Brunswick; 2009.
[16] Agarwala S, Shyamala KC, Padakannaya P, Ramachandra N. Integrated Whole Exome Sequencing And Homozygosity Mapping Identifies Variants In Known And Novel Autism Genes Involved In Neuronal Migration And Adhesion Pathways. European Neuropsychopharmacology. 2019;29:S894-S5.
[17] O'Roak BJ, Deriziotis P, Lee C, Vives L, Schwartz JJ, Girirajan S, et al. Exome sequencing in sporadic autism spectrum disorders identifies severe de novo mutations. Nature genetics. 2011;43:585-9.
[18] Iossifov I, Oroak BJ, Sanders SJ, Ronemus M, Krumm N, Levy D, et al. The contribution of de novo coding mutations to autism spectrum disorder. Nature. 2014;515:216-21.
[19] Fores-Martos J, Catala-Lopez F, Sanchez-Valle J, Ibanez K, Tejero H, Palma-Gudiel H, et al. Transcriptomic metaanalyses of autistic brains reveals shared gene expression and biological pathway abnormalities with cancer. Molecular autism. 2019;10:17.
[20] Gandal MJ, Zhang P, Hadjimichael E, Walker RL, Chen C, Liu S, et al. Transcriptome-wide isoform-level dysregulation in ASD, schizophrenia, and bipolar disorder. Science. 2018;362.
[21] Truitt L, Freywald A. Dancing with the dead: Eph receptors and their kinase-null partners. Biochemistry and cell biology = Biochimie et biologie cellulaire. 2011;89:115-29.
[22] Miao H, Wang B. Eph/ephrin signaling in epithelial development and homeostasis. The international journal of biochemistry & cell biology. 2009;41:762-70.
[23] Luo H, Yu G, Tremblay J, Wu J. EphB6-null mutation results in compromised T cell function. Journal of Clinical Investigation. 2004;114:1762-73.
[24] Carter CS, Williams JR, Witt DM, Insel TR. Oxytocin and Social Bondinga. Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences. 1992;652:204-11.
[25] Keverne EB. Mammalian Pheromones: From Genes to Behaviour. Current Biology. 2002;12.
[26] Buie T, Campbell DB, Fuchs GJ, Furuta GT, Levy J, De Water JV, et al. Evaluation, Diagnosis, and Treatment of Gastrointestinal Disorders in Individuals With ASDs: A Consensus Report. Pediatrics. 2010;125.
[27] Zoghbi HY. Postnatal neurodevelopmental disorders: meeting at the synapse? Science. 2003;302:826-30.
[28] Rabaneda LG, Robles-Lanuza E, Nieto-Gonzalez JL, Scholl FG. Neurexin dysfunction in adult neurons results in autistic-like behavior in mice. Cell reports. 2014;8:338-46.
[29] Rojas DC, Peterson ED, Winterrowd E, Reite M, Rogers SJ, Tregellas JR. Regional gray matter volumetric changes in autism associated with social and repetitive behavior symptoms. BMC Psychiatry. 2006;6:56-.
[30] Cao W, Lin S, Xia QQ, Du YL, Yang Q, Zhang MY, et al. Gamma Oscillation Dysfunction in mPFC Leads to Social Deficits in Neuroligin 3 R451C Knockin Mice. Neuron. 2018;97:1253-60 e7.
[31] Gkogkas CG, Khoutorsky A, Ran I, Rampakakis E, Nevarko T, Weatherill DB, et al. Autism-related deficits via dysregulated eIF4E-dependent translational control. Nature. 2013;493:371-7.
[32] Parra M, Stahl S, Hellmann H. Vitamin B(6) and Its Role in Cell Metabolism and Physiology. Cells. 2018;7.
[33] Seamans JK, Gorelova N, Durstewitz D, Yang CR. Bidirectional Dopamine Modulation of GABAergic Inhibition in Prefrontal Cortical Pyramidal Neurons. The Journal of Neuroscience. 2001;21:3628-38.
[34] Rubenstein JLR, Merzenich MM. Model of autism: increased ratio of excitation/inhibition in key neural systems. Genes, Brain and Behavior. 2003;2:255-67.
[35] Uhlhaas PJ, Singer W. Neuronal Dynamics and Neuropsychiatric Disorders: Toward a Translational Paradigm for Dysfunctional Large-Scale Networks. Neuron. 2012;75:963-80.
[36] Cornew L, Roberts TPL, Blaskey L, Edgar JC. Resting-State Oscillatory Activity in Autism Spectrum Disorders. Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders. 2012;42:1884-94.
[37] Yizhar O, Fenno LE, Prigge M, Schneider F, Davidson TJ, Shea DJO, et al. Neocortical excitation/inhibition balance in information processing and social dysfunction. Nature. 2011;477:171-8.
[38] Sanders SJ, Murtha MT, Gupta AR, Murdoch JD, Raubeson MJ, Willsey AJ, et al. De novo mutations revealed by whole-exome sequencing are strongly associated with autism. Nature. 2012;485:237-41.
[39] Gondalia SV, Palombo EA, Knowles SR, Cox SB, Meyer D, Austin DW. Molecular Characterisation of Gastrointestinal Microbiota of Children With Autism (With and Without Gastrointestinal Dysfunction) and Their Neurotypical Siblings. Autism Research. 2012;5:419-27.
[40] Strati F, Cavalieri D, Albanese D, De Felice C, Donati C, Hayek J, et al. New evidences on the altered gut microbiota in autism spectrum disorders. Microbiome. 2017;5:24.
[41] Tanaka M, Kamata R, Sakai R. Phosphorylation of ephrin‐B1 via the interaction with claudin following cell–cell contact formation. The EMBO journal. 2005;24:3700-11.
[42] Tanaka M, Kamata R, Sakai R. EphA2 phosphorylates the cytoplasmic tail of Claudin-4 and mediates paracellular permeability. Journal of Biological Chemistry. 2005;280:42375-82.
[43] Buchert M, Schneider S, Meskenaite V, Adams MT, Canaani E, Baechi T, et al. The Junction-associated Protein AF-6 Interacts and Clusters with Specific Eph Receptor Tyrosine Kinases at Specialized Sites of Cell–Cell Contact in the Brain. Journal of Cell Biology. 1999;144:361-71.
[44] Hock B, Böhme B, Karn T, Yamamoto T, Kaibuchi K, Holtrich U, et al. PDZ-domain-mediated interaction of the Eph-related receptor tyrosine kinase EphB3 and the ras-binding protein AF6 depends on the kinase activity of the receptor. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences. 1998;95:9779-84.
[45] Adams JB, Holloway C. Pilot Study of a Moderate Dose Multivitamin/Mineral Supplement for Children with Autistic Spectrum Disorder. Journal of Alternative and Complementary Medicine. 2004;10:1033-9.
[46] Mousainbosc M, Roche M, Polge A, Pradalprat D, Rapin J, Bali JP. Improvement of neurobehavioral disorders in children supplemented with magnesium-vitamin B6. Magnesium Research. 2006;19:53-62.
[47] Sato K. Why is vitamin B6 effective in alleviating the symptoms of autism? Med Hypotheses. 2018;115:103-6.
[48] Rossignol DA. Novel and emerging treatments for autism spectrum disorders: a systematic review. Annals of clinical psychiatry : official journal of the American Academy of Clinical Psychiatrists. 2009;21:213.
[49] Murza KA, Pavelko S, Malani MD, Nye C. Vitamin B 6 -magnesium treatment for autism: the current status of the research. Magnesium Research. 2010;23:115-7.
[50] Said HM, Ortiz A, Ma TY. A carrier-mediated mechanism for pyridoxine uptake by human intestinal epithelial Caco-2 cells: regulation by a PKA-mediated pathway. American Journal of Physiology-Cell Physiology. 2003;285:C1219-C25.
[51] Ernst M, Zametkin A, Matochik J, Pascualvaca D, Cohen R. Low medial prefrontal dopaminergic activity in autistic children. The Lancet. 1997;350:638.
[52] Lelord G, Callaway E, Muh J, Arlot J, Sauvage D, Garreau B, et al. Modifications in urinary homovanillic acid after ingestion of vitamin B6; functional study in autistic children (author's transl). Revue neurologique. 1978;134:797-801.
[53] Gong S, Lan T, Zeng L, Luo H, Yang X, Li N, et al. Gut microbiota mediates diurnal variation of acetaminophen induced acute liver injury in mice. Journal of hepatology. 2018;69:51-9.
[54] Li Y, You Q-L, Zhang S-R, Huang W-Y, Zou W-J, Jie W, et al. Satb2 Ablation Impairs Hippocampus-Based Long-Term Spatial Memory and Short-Term Working Memory and Immediate Early Genes (IEGs)-Mediated Hippocampal Synaptic Plasticity. Molecular neurobiology. 2017:1-16.
[55] Qian B, Shen S, Zhang J, Jing P. Effects of Vitamin B6 Deficiency on the Composition and Functional Potential of T Cell Populations. Journal of immunology research. 2017;2017:2197975.
[56] Deacon RM. Housing, husbandry and handling of rodents for behavioral experiments. Nature protocols. 2006;1:936-46.
[57] McFarlane HG, Kusek GK, Yang M, Phoenix JL, Bolivar VJ, Crawley JN. Autism-like behavioral phenotypes in BTBR T+tf/J mice. Genes, brain, and behavior. 2008;7:152-63.
[58] Deacon RM. Digging and marble burying in mice: simple methods for in vivo identification of biological impacts. Nature protocols. 2006;1:122.
[59] Lugo JN, Swann JW, Anderson AE. Early-life seizures result in deficits in social behavior and learning. Experimental neurology. 2014;256:74-80.
[60] Silverman JL, Yang M, Lord C, Crawley JN. Behavioural phenotyping assays for mouse models of autism. Nature Reviews Neuroscience. 2010;11:490-502.
[61] Yang M, Silverman JL, Crawley JN. Automated three-chambered social approach task for mice. Current protocols in neuroscience. 2011;Chapter 8:Unit 8 26.
[62] Cao X, Li LP, Wang Q, Wu Q, Hu HH, Zhang M, et al. Astrocyte-derived ATP modulates depressive-like behaviors. Nature medicine. 2013;19:773-7.
[63] Vorhees CV, Williams MT. Morris water maze: procedures for assessing spatial and related forms of learning and memory. Nature protocols. 2006;1:848-58.
[64] Ueno T, Niimi H, Yoneda N, Yoneda S, Mori M, Tabata H, et al. Eukaryote-Made Thermostable DNA Polymerase Enables Rapid PCR-Based Detection of Mycoplasma, Ureaplasma and Other Bacteria in the Amniotic Fluid of Preterm Labor Cases. PloS one. 2015;10:e0129032.
[65] Li Y, Huang WY, Lv CY, Cong J, Jie W, Li SJ, et al. Satb2 ablation decreases PTZ-induced seizure susceptibility and pyramidal neuronal excitability. Brain Research. 2018;1695:102-7.