Disclosures and Acknowledgements
Moderna, Inc. provided mRNA-1273 and mRNA-1273.351 for the booster vaccinations but did not provide financial support for the clinical trials. Employees of Moderna, Inc., collaborated on protocol development and the Investigational New Drug (IND) application and participated in weekly protocol team calls. The NIAID ultimately made all decisions regarding trial design and implementation. A data sharing statement provided by the authors is available with the full text of this article at NEJM.org. The trial was supported by the Infectious Diseases Clinical Research Consortium through the National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, part of the National Institutes of Health, under award number UM1AI148684, and by award numbers UM1AI148373 (Kaiser Washington), UM1AI148576 (Emory University), and HHSN272201500002C (Emmes). The content is solely the responsibility of the authors and does not necessarily represent the official views of the National Institutes of Health.
AUTHOR CONTRIBUTIONS
Concept design: EJA, LAJ, NGR, ATW, MatM, MamM, WB, PS, CBC, BL, HB, JHB, JA, KA, KMN, PCR; Data collection: EJA, LAJ, NGR, ATW, DM, NAD-R, MS, KWC, SOC, MatM, MamM, WB, PS, CBC, SOD, SDS, CMP, JH, JA, KA, AE, CAR, PAR, SK, DSG, RC, AMD, JEL, JRM, SCDR, MJME; Analysis/interpretation of data: EJA, LAJ, NGR, ATW, DM, NAD-R, MS, KWC, SOC, MatM, MamM, WB, PS, CBC, SOD, SDS, BL, HB, RP, CMP, JH, JHB, JA, KA, AE, CAR, PAR, SK, DSG, RC, AMD, JEL, JRM, SCDR, KMN, MJME, PCR; Write/review/intellectual contribution: EJA, LAJ, NGR, ATW, DM, NAD-R, MS, KWC, SOC, MatM, MamM, WB, PS, CBC, SOD, SDS, BL, HB, RP, CMP, JH, JHB, JA, KA, AE, CAR, PAR, SK, DSG, RC, AMD, JEL, JRM, SCDR, KMN, MJME, PCR; All authors approved the final version of the manuscript.
COMPETING INTERESTS
E.J.A has consulted for Pfizer, Sanofi Pasteur, Janssen, and Medscape, and his institution receives funds to conduct clinical research unrelated to this manuscript from MedImmune, Regeneron, PaxVax, Pfizer, GSK, Merck, Sanofi-Pasteur, Janssen, and Micron. He also serves on data and safety monitoring boards for Kentucky BioProcessing, Inc. and Sanofi Pasteur. His institution has also received funding from NIH to conduct clinical trials of Moderna and Janssen COVID-19 vaccines.
S.K’s institution has received funding from CDC to conduct clinical research unrelated to this manuscript, from NIH to conduct clinical trials of Moderna and Janssen COVID-19 vaccines, and from Pfizer to conduct clinical trials of Pfizer COVID-19 vaccine.
C.A.R.’s institution has received funds to conduct clinical research unrelated to this manuscript from BioFire Inc, GSK, MedImmune, Micron, Janssen, Merck, Novavax, PaxVax, Regeneron, Sanofi-Pasteur. She is co-inventor of patented RSV vaccine technology unrelated to this manuscript, which has been licensed to Meissa Vaccines, Inc. Her institution has received funds from NIH, Moderna, Pfizer, and Janssen to conduct clinical trials of COVID-19 vaccines.
L.A.J.’s institution has received funding from CDC to conduct epidemiologic assessments of vaccine safety and from NIH to conduct clinical trials of Moderna and Janssen COVID-19 vaccines.
CBC’s institution has received funding from NIH to conduct clinical trials of Moderna and Janssen COVID-19 vaccines, funding from CDC to conduct COVID-19 vaccine safety assessments, and unrelated funding for C.difficile immunotherapeutics from Merck. CBC receives consultation fees from Altimmune, Janssen, Premier Healthcare, Horizon Pharma and royalties from UpToDate.
NGR’s institution has received funding from Lilly, Sanofi Pasteur, Merck, Quidel and Pfizer.
PAR’s institution has received funding from NIH to conduct clinical trials on Moderna and Novavax COVID-19 vaccines and from CDC to assess different sampling techniques for COVID-19 diagnostics.