General information acquired from the nurses
The 351 nurses’ average length of service was 7.60 ± 8.204 years, their average age was 30.14 ± 7.327 years. Two hundred and seventy-five (78.35%) of them had bachelor’s degree qualifications, and one hundred and sixty-nine (48.15%) of them were nurse practitioners, as shown in Table 1.
Table 1
General demographic characteristics (n = 351)
Item | Number | Assignment | Percentage (%) |
Age |
< 25 | 68 | 1 | 19.37 |
25–30 | 160 | 2 | 45.58 |
31–35 | 54 | 3 | 15.39 |
36–40 | 36 | 4 | 10.26 |
41–45 | 12 | 5 | 3.42 |
46–50 | 12 | 6 | 3.42 |
> 50 | 9 | 7 | 2.56 |
Length of service | | | |
< 1 yr | 15 | 1 | 4.27 |
1–5 yrs | 185 | 2 | 52.71 |
6–10 yrs | 57 | 3 | 16.24 |
11–15 yrs | 39 | 4 | 11.11 |
16–20 yrs | 25 | 5 | 7.12 |
> 20 yrs | 30 | 6 | 8.55 |
Educational background |
Junior college diploma or below | 60 | 1 | 17.09 |
Bachelor | 275 | 2 | 78.35 |
Master or above | 16 | 3 | 4.56 |
Job title | | | |
Nurse | 94 | 1 | 26.78 |
Nurse Practitioner | 169 | 2 | 48.15 |
Supervising nurse | 86 | 3 | 24.50 |
Associate senior nurse | 2 | 4 | 0.57 |
Score of nurses’ perception-behaviour scale for keeping surgical instruments moist
For the 351 nurses, total score of nurses’ perception-behaviour scale for keeping surgical instruments moist was 139.93 ± 15.145, and the mean scale score was 4.21 ± 0.423. The HBM components placed in ascending order of their mean scores were perceived barriers, self-efficacy, perceived severity, perceived benefits, and perceived susceptibility. Details are shown in Table 2.
Table 2
Score of nurses’ perception-behaviour scale for keeping surgical instruments moist (χ̅ ± S)
Mean score of perceived barriers | Mean score of perceived susceptibility | Mean score of perceived benefits | Mean score of perceived barriers | Mean score of self-efficacy | Mean scale score |
4.50 ± 0.574 | 4.62 ± 0.484 | 4.57 ± 0.523 | 3.47 ± 0.945 | 4.16 ± 0.666 | 4.21 ± 0.423 |
Impact of age on nurses’ perception towards their behaviours for keeping surgical instruments moist
Single factor analysis showed that age had an impact on perceived barriers, with a statistically significant difference (P = 0.001 < 0.05), as shown in Table 3.
Table 3
Impact of age nurses’ perception towards their behaviours for keeping surgical instruments moist
Item | Perceived severity | Perceived susceptibility | Perceived benefit | Perceived barriers | Self-efficacy |
Age |
< 25 | 27.2 ± 3.012 | 24.38 ± 2.144 | 36.90 ± 4.023 | 22.57 ± 7.522 | 28.96 ± 4.180 |
25–30 | 27.04 ± 3.633 | 24.66 ± 1.958 | 36.81 ± 4.132 | 20.97 ± 8.645 | 29.21 ± 4.893 |
31–35 | 27.13 ± 3.108 | 24.46 ± 1.910 | 36.09 ± 4.319 | 25.13 ± 8.239 | 29.22 ± 4.521 |
36–40 | 27.03 ± 3.211 | 24.61 ± 1.793 | 36.53 ± 4.074 | 23.47 ± 8.365 | 29.47 ± 4.313 |
41–45 | 26.08 ± 4.033 | 24.17 ± 2.250 | 35.42 ± 4.122 | 26.50 ± 8.274 | 27.50 ± 4.719 |
46–50 | 25.92 ± 4.231 | 23.67 ± 2.015 | 35.33 ± 4.997 | 25.83 ± 8.032 | 27.92 ± 5.435 |
> 50 | 25.67 ± 4.387 | 23.89 ± 2.619 | 34.89 ± 5.183 | 30.56 ± 7.828 | 30.44 ± 5.615 |
t-value | 0.652 | 0.454 | 0.834 | 4.033 | 0.553 |
P-value | 0.689 | 0.842 | 0.544 | 0.001 | 0.767 |
Impact of length of service on nurses’ perception towards their behaviours for keeping surgical instruments moist
Single factor analysis showed that length of service had an impact on perceived benefits and perceived barriers, with a statistically significant difference (P < 0.05), as shown in Table 4.
Table 4
Impact of length of service on nurses’ perception towards their behaviours for keeping surgical instruments moist
Item | Perceived severity | Perceived susceptibility | Perceived benefit | Perceived barriers | Self-efficacy |
Length of service |
< 1 yr | 28.00 ± 3.464 | 25.33 ± 1.633 | 39.13 ± 2.134 | 19.87 ± 5.986 | 29.60 ± 3.795 |
1–5 yrs | 27.30 ± 3.320 | 24.56 ± 2.018 | 36.88 ± 4.130 | 21.74 ± 8.636 | 29.37 ± 4.614 |
6–10 yrs | 26.35 ± 3.533 | 24.47 ± 1.919 | 35.95 ± 3.988 | 22.89 ± 8.010 | 28.70 ± 4.953 |
11–15 yrs | 27.05 ± 3.464 | 24.62 ± 2.021 | 36.13 ± 4.714 | 24.62 ± 8.359 | 29.13 ± 4.691 |
16–20 yrs | 26.72 ± 3.234 | 24.24 ± 1.877 | 36.04 ± 3.889 | 23.00 ± 8.495 | 28.76 ± 3.919 |
> 20 yrs | 26.00 ± 4.009 | 23.87 ± 2.193 | 35.23 ± 4.651 | 27.87 ± 8.080 | 28.40 ± 5.462 |
t-value | 1.483 | 0.833 | 2.396 | 3.547 | 0.397 |
P-value | 0.195 | 0.527 | 0.037 | 0.004 | 0.851 |
Impact of educational background on nurses’ perception towards their behaviours for keeping surgical instruments moist
Single factor analysis showed that educational background had no impact on nurses’ perception towards their behaviours for keeping surgical instruments moist, as shown in Table 5.
Table 5
Impact of educational background on nurses’ perception towards their behaviours for keeping surgical instruments moist
Item | Perceived severity | Perceived susceptibility | Perceived benefit | Perceived barriers | Self-efficacy |
Educational background |
Junior college diploma or below | 27.13 ± 3.332 | 24.32 ± 2.103 | 36.35 ± 4.173 | 22.67 ± 8.136 | 29.28 ± 5.256 |
Bachelor | 26.89 ± 3.466 | 24.49 ± 1.992 | 36.49 ± 4.211 | 22.87 ± 8.651 | 29.04 ± 4.519 |
Master or above | 28.29 ± 3.405 | 25.47 ± 1.463 | 38.24 ± 3.597 | 20.88 ± 8.108 | 29.41 ± 5.075 |
t-value | 1.124 | 2.011 | 1.232 | 0.167 | 0.253 |
P-value | 0.326 | 0.135 | 0.293 | 0.846 | 0.777 |
Impact of job tile on nurses’ perception towards their behaviours for keeping surgical instruments moist
Single factor analysis showed that job title had an impact on perceived susceptibility, perceived benefits and self-efficacy, with a statistically significant difference (P < 0.05), as shown in Table 6.
Table 6
Impact of job tile on nurses’ perception towards their behaviours for keeping surgical instruments moist
Item | Perceived severity | Perceived susceptibility | Perceived benefits | Perceived barriers | Self-efficacy |
Job title |
Nurse | 27.90 ± 2.915 | 24.89 ± 1.769 | 37.86 ± 3.304 | 21.61 ± 8.751 | 30.01 ± 4.287 |
Nurse practitioner | 26.67 ± 3.587 | 24.31 ± 2.150 | 36.09 ± 4.440 | 22.05 ± 8.266 | 28.72 ± 4.783 |
Supervising nurse | 26.67 ± 3.582 | 24.45 ± 1.883 | 36.00 ± 4.279 | 25.48 ± 8.304 | 29.02 ± 4.733 |
Associate senior nurse | 25.00 ± 1.414 | 24.00 ± 2.828 | 35.50 ± 4.950 | 23.00 ± 5.657 | 24.50 ± 2.121 |
t-value | 3.199 | 1.992 | 4.422 | 3.987 | 2.245 |
P-value | 0.083 | 0.008 | 0.005 | 0.115 | 0.024 |
Multivariable linear regression analysis on influencing factors of nurses’ perception towards their behaviours for keeping surgical instruments moist
Total score of nurses’ perception-behaviour scale for keeping surgical instruments moist was considered as the dependent variable. Age, length of service, and job title were considered as the independent variable. Stepwise regression (Alpha-to-Enter = 0.05, Alpha-to-Remove = 0.10) of multivariable linear regression analysis was carried out on the data. The analysis showed that 1 variable was entered into the regression equation, i.e. length of service. A statistically significant difference existed, as shown in Table 7.
Table 7
Multivariable linear regression analysis on influencing factors of nurses’ perception towards their behaviours for keeping surgical instruments moist
Variable | B-value | Standard error | β-value | t-value | P-value | 95% CI |
Age | 1.597 | 1.326 | 0.147 | 1.204 | 0.229 | -1.011 ~ 4.206 |
Length of service | -2.923 | 1.466 | -0.261 | -1.993 | 0.047 | -5.807 ~ -0.039 |
Job title | -2.380 | 1.711 | -0.114 | -1.391 | 0.165 | -5.745 ~ 0.985 |
Note: R2 = 0.055, adjusted R2 = 0.047, F = 6.721, P = 0.001 | |