Table 1 Demographic and clinical characteristics in patients
Variables
|
END
(n =81)
|
non-END
(n = 1026)
|
P-Value
|
Gender, male, n (%)
|
49(60.49)
|
624(60.82)
|
0.954
|
Age, mean ±SD (years)
|
64.47±9.34
|
63.34±11.48
|
0.636
|
Hypertension, n (%)
|
54(66.67)
|
598(58.34)
|
0.143
|
Diabetes mellitus, n (%)
|
17(20.99)
|
174(16.96)
|
0.356
|
Atrial fibrillation, n (%)
|
15(18.52)
|
182(17.74)
|
0.860
|
Hyperlipidemia, n (%)
|
3(3.70)
|
69(6.73)
|
0.288
|
prior stroke/TIA, n (%)
|
2(2.47)
|
100(9.75)
|
0.029
|
Current smoking, n (%)
|
20(24.69)
|
361(35.19)
|
0.056
|
Glucose, mean (SD), mmol/L
|
9.00±4.35
|
7.58±2.87
|
0.001
|
WBC, mean (SD), ×109/L
|
8.32±2.85
|
7.87±2.70
|
0.216
|
FBG, mean (SD), g/L
|
3.47±1.24
|
3.23±1.23
|
0.040
|
LDL, mean (SD), mmol/L
|
3.20±0.90
|
2.92±0.96
|
0.003
|
TC, mean (SD), mmol/L
|
5.08±1.16
|
4.85±1.20
|
0.021
|
SBP on admission, mean (SD), mmHg
|
152.30±18.56
|
147.57±21.09
|
0.039
|
DBP on admission, mean (SD), mmHg
|
88.35±11.86
|
85.70±12.68
|
0.038
|
SBP at 2 hours after thrombolysis, mean (SD), mmHg
|
150.05 ±22.31
|
143.03±19.80
|
0.002
|
DBP at 2 hours after thrombolysis, mean (SD), mmHg
|
87.19±14.28
|
83.42±12.38
|
0.015
|
NIHSS on admission, IQR
|
12(3-28)
|
11(0-40)
|
0.559
|
Pre-admission mRS 0–2, n (%)
|
80(100)
|
1002(92.75)
|
0.398
|
Baseline medication within seven days before thrombolysis
|
|
|
|
Taking aspirin, n (%)
|
31(38.27)
|
669(65.20)
|
<0.0001
|
Taking clopidogrel, n (%)
|
11(13.58)
|
242(23.59)
|
0.039
|
Taking other antiplatelets, n (%)
|
11(13.58)
|
156(15.20)
|
0.694
|
Taking hypoglycemic drugs , n (%)
|
0(0.00)
|
9(0.88)
|
1.000
|
Median door-to-needle time, IQR, h
|
1.82±0.95
|
2.60±9.90
|
0.971
|
TOAST subtypes
|
|
|
0.080
|
LAA, n (%)
|
43(55.13)
|
553(54.11)
|
|
SAO, n (%)
|
4(5.13)
|
113(11.06)
|
|
CE, n (%)
|
22(28.21)
|
191(18.69)
|
|
Other, n (%)
|
9(11.54)
|
165(16.14)
|
|
Abbreviation: TIA, transient ischemic attack; SBP, systolic blood pressure; DBP, diastolic blood pressure; WBC, white blood cell; PLT, platelet; INR, international normalized ratio; PT, prothrombin time; APTT, activated partial thromboplastin time; FBG, fibrinogen; NIHSS, National Institute of Health Stroke; LDL, low-density lipoprotein; TC, cholesterol; IQR, interquartile ranges; TOAST, Trial of Org 10172 in Acute Stroke Treatment; LAA, large-artery atherosclerosis; Scale; SAO, small-artery occlusion; CE, cardioembolism.
Table 2 Multivariate logistic regression analysis for risk factors of END
Variables
|
OR
|
95%CI
|
P-value
|
prior stroke/TIA
|
3.14
|
0.74-13.38
|
0.123
|
Glucose
|
1.10
|
1.03-1.18
|
0.004
|
FBG
|
1.07
|
0.91-1.26
|
0.426
|
LDL
|
1.24
|
0.79-1.95
|
0.361
|
TC
|
0.93
|
0.66-1.32
|
0.685
|
SBP on admission
|
1.00
|
0.98-1.02
|
0.748
|
DBP on admission
|
1.01
|
0.98-1.04
|
0.555
|
SBP at 2 hours after thrombolysis
|
1.02
|
1.00-1.04
|
0.107
|
DBP at 2 hours after thrombolysis
|
1.00
|
0.97-1.03
|
0.960
|
Taking aspirin within seven days before thrombolysis
|
0.25
|
0.14-0.44
|
<0.0001
|
Taking clopidogrel used within seven days before thrombolysis
|
0.39
|
0.19-0.82
|
0.013
|
Abbreviation: OR, odds ratio; CI, confidence interval; TIA, transient ischemic attack; SBP, systolic blood pressure; DBP, diastolic blood pressure; FBG, fibrinogen; LDL, low-density lipoprotein; TC, cholesterol.
Table 3 Outcomes after intravenous thrombolysis in END group versus non-END group
Outcomes
|
No. (%) of patients
|
Unadjusted OR
(95% CI)
|
P value
|
Adjusted OR
(95% CI) *
|
P value
|
END group
(n=81)
|
non-END group
(n=1026)
|
Primary outcome
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
mRS 3–6 at three months
|
66(83.54)
|
376(37.41)
|
8.49
(4.62-15.60)
|
<0.0001
|
8.25
(3.77-18.03)
|
<0.0001
|
Safety outcomes
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
SICH(SITS-MOST)
|
15(18.52)
|
1(0.10)
|
232.83(-)
|
<0.0001
|
109.77(-)
|
0.001
|
SICH (ECASS II)
|
30(37.04)
|
5(0.49)
|
120.12
(44.74-322.50)
|
<0.0001
|
90.46
(19.84-412.44)
|
<0.0001
|
SICH (NINDS)
|
30(37.04)
|
22(2.14)
|
26.84
(14.47-49.79)
|
<0.0001
|
12.53
(5.15-30.49)
|
<0.0001
|
Mortality at seven days
|
26(32.50)
|
16(1.56)
|
30.39
(15.39-60.01)
|
<0.0001
|
20.92
(7.45-58.72)
|
<0.0001
|
Mortality at three months
|
36(45.00)
|
59(5.86)
|
13.13
(7.86-21.94)
|
<0.0001
|
8.06
(3.91-16.62)
|
<0.0001
|
*Adjusted baseline variables: prior stroke/TIA, Systolic BP before thrombolysis, Diastolic BP before thrombolysis, glucose before thrombolysis, FBG before thrombolysis, Systolic BP at 2 hours after thrombolysis, Diastolic BP at 2 hours after thrombolysis, LDL after thrombolysis, TC after thrombolysis, Aspirin use within seven days after thrombolysis, clopidogrel use within seven days after thrombolysis, OCSP subtypes.
Abbreviation: mRS, modified Rankin Scale; SICH, symptomatic intracranial hemorrhage; SITS-MOST, safe implementation of treatments in stroke-monitoring; ECASS II, second European–Australasian acute stroke study; NINDS, National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke.