Ab Majid, N. L., Omar, M. A., Khoo, Y. Y., Mahadir Naidu, B., Ling Miaw Yn, J., Rodzlan Hasani, W. S., Mat Rifin, H., Abd Hamid, H. A., Robert Lourdes, T. G., & Mohd Yusoff, M. F. (2018). Prevalence, Awareness, Treatment and Control of hypertension in the Malaysian population: findings from the National Health and Morbidity Survey 2006–2015. Journal of Human Hypertension, 32(8–9), 617–624. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41371-018-0082-x
Abdulsalam, S., Olugbenga-Bello, A., Olarewaju, O., & Abdus-Salam, I. (2014). Sociodemographic correlates of modifiable risk factors for hypertension in a rural local government area of Oyo state south west nigeria. International Journal of Hypertension, 2014. https://doi.org/10.1155/2014/842028
Al-Ramahi, R. (2015). Adherence to medications and associated factors: A cross-sectional study among Palestinian hypertensive patients. Journal of Epidemiology and Global Health, 5(2), 125–132. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jegh.2014.05.005
Animut, Y., Assefa, A. T., & Lemma, D. G. (2018). Blood pressure control status and associated factors among adult hypertensive patients on outpatient follow-up at university of gondar referral hospital, northwest ethiopia: A retrospective follow-up study. Integrated Blood Pressure Control, 11, 37–46. https://doi.org/10.2147/IBPC.S150628
Arauz-Pacheo, C., Parrott, M. A., & Raskin, P. (2003). Treatment of Hypertension in Adults With Diabetes. Clinical Diabetes, 21(3), 120–121. https://doi.org/10.2337/diaclin.21.3.120
Carter, B. L., Coffey, C. S., Ardery, G., Uribe, L., Ecklund, D., James, P., Egan, B., Weg, M. Vander, Chrischilles, E., & Vaughn, T. (2015). Cluster-randomised trial of a physician/pharmacist collaborative model to improve blood pressure control. Circulation: Cardiovascular Quality and Outcomes, 8(3), 235–243. https://doi.org/10.1161/CIRCOUTCOMES.114.001283
Chen, X., Xu, S. K., Guo, Q. H., Hu, Z., Wang, H. Y., Yu, J., Li, W. H., Tang, G. B., Zhang, H. F., Li, Y., & Wang, J. G. (2020). Barriers to blood pressure control in China in a large opportunistic screening. Journal of Clinical Hypertension, 22(5), 835–841. https://doi.org/10.1111/jch.13850
Cheong, A. T., Sazlina, S. G., Tong, S. F., Azah, A. S., & Salmiah, S. (2015). Poor blood pressure control and its associated factors among older people with hypertension: A cross-sectional study in six public primary care clinics in Malaysia. Malaysian Family Physician, 10(1), 19–25.
Cheung, B. M. Y., & Li, C. (2012). Diabetes and hypertension: Is there a common metabolic pathway? Current Atherosclerosis Reports, 14(2), 160–166. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11883-012-0227-2
Chmiel, C., Wang, M., Senn, O., Del Prete, V., Zoller, M., Rosemann, T., & Steurer-Stey, C. (2012). Uncontrolled arterial hypertension in primary care - Patient characteristics and associated factors. Swiss Medical Weekly, 142. https://doi.org/10.4414/smw.2012.13693
Chowdhury, E. K., Owen, A., Krum, H., Wing, L. M. H., Ryan, P., Nelson, M. R., & Reid, C. M. (2013). Barriers to achieving blood pressure treatment targets in elderly hypertensive individuals. Journal of Human Hypertension, 27(9), 545–551. https://doi.org/10.1038/jhh.2013.11
Cordero, A., Bertomeu-Martínez, V., Mazón, P., Fácila, L., Bertomeu-González, V., Cosín, J., Galve, E., Núñez, J., Lekuona, I., & González-Juanatey, J. R. (2011). Factors Associated With Uncontrolled Hypertension in Patients With and Without Cardiovascular Disease. Revista Española de Cardiología (English Edition), 64(7), 587–593. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.rec.2011.03.007
De Boer, I. H., Bangalore, S., Benetos, A., Davis, A. M., Michos, E. D., Muntner, P., Rossing, P., Zoungas, S., & Bakris, G. (2017). Diabetes and hypertension: A position statement by the American diabetes association. Diabetes Care, 40(9), 1273–1284. https://doi.org/10.2337/dci17-0026
de Souza, C. S., Stein, A. T., Bastos, G. A. N., & Pellanda, L. C. (2014). Blood pressure control in hypertensive patients in the "hiperdia program": A territory-based study. Arquivos Brasileiros de Cardiologia, 102(6), 571–578. https://doi.org/10.5935/abc.20140081
Diaz, K. M., & Shimbo, D. (2013). Physical activity and the prevention of hypertension. Current Hypertension Reports, 15(6), 659–668. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11906-013-0386-8
Elnaem, M. H., Elrggal, M. E., Syed, N., Naqvi, A. A., & Hadi, M. A. (2020). Knowledge and Perceptions towards Cardiovascular Disease Prevention among Patients with Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus: A Review of Current Assessments and Recommendations. Current Diabetes Reviews, 16. https://doi.org/10.2174/1573399816666200914140939
Elnaem, M. H., Irwan, N. A., Abubakar, U., Sulaiman, S. A. S., Elrggal, M. E., & Cheema, E. (2020). Impact of medication regimen simplification on medication adherence and clinical outcomes in patients with long-term medical conditions. Patient Preference and Adherence, 14, 2135–2145. https://doi.org/10.2147/PPA.S268499
Elnaem, M. H., Kamarudin, N. H., Syed, N. K., Huri, H. Z., Dehele, I. S., & Cheema, E. (2021). Associations between sociodemographic factors and hypertension management during the covid-19 pandemic: Preliminary findings from Malaysia. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, 18(17). https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph18179306
Elnaem, M. H., Rosley, N. F. F., Alhifany, A. A., Elrggal, M. E., & Cheema, E. (2020). Impact of pharmacist-led interventions on medication adherence and clinical outcomes in patients with hypertension and hyperlipidemia: A scoping review of published literature. In Journal of Multidisciplinary Healthcare (Vol. 13, pp. 635–645). https://doi.org/10.2147/JMDH.S257273
Gala, P., Moshokgo, V., Seth, B., Ramasuana, K., Kazadi, E., M'buse, R., Pharithi, S., Gobotsamang, K., Szymanowski, P., Kerobale, R. O., Balekile, K., Tshimbalanga, J., Tieng'o, J., Tapela, N., & Barak, T. (2020). Medication Errors and Blood Pressure Control Among Patients Managed for Hypertension in Public Ambulatory Care Clinics in Botswana. Journal of the American Heart Association, 9(2), 1–10. https://doi.org/10.1161/JAHA.119.013766
Gee, M. E., Bienek, A., Campbell, N. R. C., Bancej, C. M., Robitaille, C., Kaczorowski, J., Joffres, M., Dai, S., Gwadry-Sridar, F., & Nolan, R. P. (2012). Prevalence of, and barriers to, preventive lifestyle behaviors in hypertension (from a national survey of Canadians with hypertension). American Journal of Cardiology, 109(4), 570–575. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.amjcard.2011.09.051
Gheorghe, A., Griffiths, U., Murphy, A., Legido-Quigley, H., Lamptey, P., & Perel, P. (2018). The economic burden of cardiovascular disease and hypertension in low- and middle-income countries: A systematic review. In BMC Public Health (Vol. 18, Issue 1). https://doi.org/10.1186/s12889-018-5806-x
Gradman, A. H., Basile, J. N., Carter, B. L., & Bakris, G. L. (2010). Combination therapy in hypertension. Journal of the American Society of Hypertension, 4(2), 90–98. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jash.2010.03.001
Ham, O. K., & Yang, S. J. (2011). Lifestyle factors associated with blood pressure control among those taking antihypertensive medication. Asia-Pacific Journal of Public Health, 23(4), 485–495. https://doi.org/10.1177/1010539509347941
Ibekwe, R. (2015). Modifiable risk factors of hypertension and sociodemographic profile in Oghara, Delta State; prevalence and correlates. Annals of Medical and Health Sciences Research, 5(1), 71. https://doi.org/10.4103/2141-9248.149793
Iloh, G. U. P., Ofoedu, J. N., Njoku, P. U., Amadi, A. N., & Godswill-Uko, E. U. (2013). Medication adherence and blood pressure control amongst adults with primary hypertension attending a tertiary hospital primary care clinic in Eastern Nigeria. African Journal of Primary Health Care and Family Medicine, 5(1), 1–6. https://doi.org/10.4102/phcfm.v5i1.446
Institute for Public Health. (2015). National Health and Morbidity Survey 2015 (NHMS 2015). Vol. II: Non-Communicable Diseases, Risk Factors & Other Health Problems. In Ministry of health: Vol. II. https://doi.org/10.1017/CBO9781107415324.004
IPH, I. for P. H., NIH, N. I. of H., & Malaysia, M. of H. (2019). National Health and Morbidity Survey (NHMS) 2019: NCDs - Non-Communicable Diseases: Risk Factors and other Health Problems. In Institute for Public Health, National Institutes of Health (NIH), Ministry of Health Malaysia (Vol. 1).
Khangura, D., Kurukulasuriya, L. R., Whaley-Connell, A., & Sowers, J. R. (2018). Diabetes and Hypertension: Clinical Update. American Journal of Hypertension, 31(5), 515–521. https://doi.org/10.1093/ajh/hpy025
Kjeldsen, S. E., Jamerson, K. A., Bakris, G. L., Pitt, B., Dahlöf, B., Velazquez, E. J., Gupte, J., Staikos, L., Hua, T. A., Shi, V., Hester, A., Tuomilehto, J., Östergren, J., Ibsen, H., & Weber, M. (2008). Predictors of blood pressure response to intensified and fixed combination treatment of hypertension: The ACCOMPLISH study. Blood Pressure, 17(1), 7–17. https://doi.org/10.1080/08037050801972857
Krousel-Wood, M. A., Muntner, P., Islam, T., Morisky, D. E., & Webber, L. S. (2009). Barriers to and Determinants of Medication Adherence in Hypertension Management: Perspective of the Cohort Study of Medication Adherence Among Older Adults. In Medical Clinics of North America (Vol. 93, Issue 3, pp. 753–769). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.mcna.2009.02.007
Li, Y., Feng, X., Zhang, M., Zhou, M., Wang, N., & Wang, L. (2016). Clustering of cardiovascular behavioral risk factors and blood pressure among people diagnosed with hypertension: A nationally representative survey in China. Scientific Reports, 6(March), 1–7. https://doi.org/10.1038/srep27627
Liew, S. J., Lee, J. T., Tan, C. S., Koh, C. H. G., Van Dam, R., & Müller-Riemenschneider, F. (2019). Sociodemographic factors in relation to hypertension prevalence, awareness, treatment and control in a multi-ethnic Asian population: A cross-sectional study. BMJ Open, 9(5), 1–10. https://doi.org/10.1136/bmjopen-2018-025869
Menanga, A., Edie, S., Nkoke, C., Boombhi, J., Musa, A. J., Mfeukeu, L. K., & Kingue, S. (2016). Factors associated with blood pressure control amongst adults with hypertension in Yaounde, Cameroon: A cross-sectional study. Cardiovascular Diagnosis and Therapy, 6(5), 439–445. https://doi.org/10.21037/cdt.2016.04.03
Nassr, O. A., & Forsyth, P. (2019). Evaluation of blood pressure control and associated factors among patients with hypertension in Iraq: A prospective cross-sectional study. Journal of Pharmacy and Bioallied Sciences, 11(3), 232–239. https://doi.org/10.4103/jpbs.JPBS_82_19
Nelson, S. A. E., Dresser, G. K., Vandervoort, M. K., Wong, C. J., Feagan, B. G., Mahon, J. L., & Feldman, R. D. (2011). Barriers to Blood Pressure Control: A STITCH Substudy. Journal of Clinical Hypertension, 13(2), 73–80. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1751-7176.2010.00392.x
Nielsen, J., Shrestha, A. D., Neupane, D., & Kallestrup, P. (2017). Non-adherence to anti-hypertensive medication in low- and middle-income countries: A systematic review and meta-analysis of 92443 subjects. Journal of Human Hypertension, 31(1), 14–21. https://doi.org/10.1038/jhh.2016.31
Okwuonu, C. G., Ojimadu, N. E., Okaka, E. I., & Akemokwe, F. M. (2014). Patient-related barriers to hypertension control in a Nigerian population. International Journal of General Medicine, 7, 345–353. https://doi.org/10.2147/IJGM.S63587
Reckelhoff, J. F. (2001). Gender differences in the regulation of blood pressure. Hypertension, 37(5), 1199–1208. https://doi.org/10.1161/01.HYP.37.5.1199
Rubio-Guerra, A. F., Rodriguez-Lopez, L., Vargas-Ayala, G., Huerta-Ramirez, S., Serna, D. C., & Lozano-Nuevo, J. J. (2013). Depression increases the risk for uncontrolled hypertension. Experimental and Clinical Cardiology, 18(1), 10–12.
Sadeghi, C., Khan, H. A., Gudleski, G., Reynolds, J. L., & Bakhai, S. Y. (2020). Multifaceted strategies to improve blood pressure control in a primary care clinic: A quality improvement project. International Journal of Cardiology: Hypertension, 7(August), 100060. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijchy.2020.100060
Sarfo, F. S., Mobula, L. M., Burnham, G., Ansong, D., Plange-Rhule, J., Sarfo-Kantanka, O., & Ofori-Adjei, D. (2018). Factors associated with uncontrolled blood pressure among Ghanaians: Evidence from a multicenter hospital-based study. PLoS ONE, 13(3), 1–19. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0193494
Sawicka, K., Szczyrek, M., Jastrzębska, I., Prasał, M., Zwolak, A., & Daniluk, J. (2011). Hypertension-The Silent Killer. In Journal of Pre-Clinical and Clinical Research (Vol. 5, Issue 2).
Shelley, D., Tseng, T. Y., Andrews, H., Ravenell, J., Wu, D., Ferrari, P., Cohen, A., Millery, M., & Kopal, H. (2011). Predictors of blood pressure control among hypertensives in community health centers. American Journal of Hypertension, 24(12), 1318–1323. https://doi.org/10.1038/ajh.2011.154
Shimboa, D., Levitanb, E. B., IIIc, J. N. B., Calhound, D. A., Judde, S. E., Lacklandf, D. T., Saffordg, M. M., Oparilg, S., & Muntnerb, P. (2013). The Contributions of Unhealthy Lifestyle Factors to Apparent Resistant Hypertension: Findings from the REasons for Geographic And Racial Differences in Stroke (REGARDS) Study. J Hypertens, 3(12), 119–131. https://doi.org/10.1097/HJH.0b013e32835b6be7
Stephen, C., Halcomb, E., McInnes, S., Batterham, M., & Zwar, N. (2019). Improving blood pressure control in primary care: The ImPress study. International Journal of Nursing Studies, 95, 28–33. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijnurstu.2019.03.019
Tiffe, T., Morbach, C., Rücker, V., Gelbrich, G., Wagner, M., Faller, H., Störk, S., & Heuschmann, P. U. (2019). Impact of Patient Beliefs on Blood Pressure Control in the General Population: Findings from the Population-Based STAAB Cohort Study. International Journal of Hypertension, 2019. https://doi.org/10.1155/2019/9385397
Timbie, J. W., Hayward, R. A., & Vijan, S. (2010). Diminishing efficacy of combination therapy, response-heterogeneity, and treatment intolerance limit the attainability of tight risk factor control in patients with diabetes. Health Services Research, 45(2), 437–456. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1475-6773.2009.01075.x
Wachholz, P. A., Masuda, P. Y., Ferrari, A. C., & Villas Boas, P. J. F. (2016). Factors related to blood pressure control in a prospective cohort of hypertensive outpatients. Acta Scientiarum - Health Sciences, 38(1), 57–63. https://doi.org/10.4025/actascihealthsci.v38i1.29379
Wang, Y. B., Kong, D. G., Ma, L. Le, & Wang, L. X. (2013). Patient related factors for optimal blood pressure control in patients with hypertension. African Health Sciences, 13(3), 579–583. https://doi.org/10.4314/ahs.v13i3.8
WHO. (2019). Hypertension. https://www.who.int/news-room/fact-sheets/detail/hypertension
Williams, A., Manias, E., Walker, R., & Gorelik, A. (2012). A multifactorial intervention to improve blood pressure control in coexisting diabetes and kidney disease: A feasibility randomised controlled trial. Journal of Advanced Nursing, 68(11), 2515–2525. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2648.2012.05950.x
Xu, D., Chen, W., Li, X., Zhang, Y., Li, X., Lei, H., Wei, Y., Li, W., Hu, D., Wedick, N. M., Wang, J., Xu, Y., Li, J., & Ma, Y. (2013). Factors Associated with Blood Pressure Control in Hypertensive Patients with Coronary Heart Disease: Evidence from the Chinese Cholesterol Education Program. PLoS ONE, 8(5). https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0063135
Yue, Z., Bin, W., Weilin, Q., & Aifang, Y. (2015). Effect of medication adherence on blood pressure control and risk factors for antihypertensive medication adherence. Journal of Evaluation in Clinical Practice, 21(1), 166–172. https://doi.org/10.1111/jep.12268
Yusuf, S., Joseph, P., Rangarajan, S., Islam, S., Mente, A., Hystad, P., Brauer, M., Kutty, V. R., Gupta, R., Wielgosz, A., AlHabib, K. F., Dans, A., Lopez-Jaramillo, P., Avezum, A., Lanas, F., Oguz, A., Kruger, I. M., Diaz, R., Yusoff, K., … Dagenais, G. (2020). Modifiable risk factors, cardiovascular disease, and mortality in 155 722 individuals from 21 high-income, middle-income, and low-income countries (PURE): a prospective cohort study. The Lancet, 395(10226), 795–808. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0140-6736(19)32008-2
Zeki, A. M., Ramadan, A. M., Zeb, F. K., & Ibrahim, M. (2018). Impact of lifestyle on health and physical capability: A data mining approach. ACM International Conference Proceeding Series, 2018-March, 119–124. https://doi.org/10.1145/3177148.3180101
Zhang, J., Healy, H. G., Venuthurupalli, S. K., Tan, K. S., Wang, Z., Cameron, A., & Hoy, W. E. (2019). Blood pressure management in hypertensive people with non-dialysis chronic kidney disease in Queensland, Australia. BMC Nephrology, 20(1), 1–10. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12882-019-1532-6