Table 1 Characters and anthropometric measurement of the studied hypertensive population
Variables
|
|
Total
|
|
1425
|
Gender
|
|
|
|
Men
|
599(42%)
|
|
Women
|
826(58%)
|
Age(years)
|
|
62.6± 8.2
|
Height(cm)
|
|
158.1± 8.2
|
Body weight(kg)
|
|
61.1± 10.2
|
BP*(mmHg)
|
|
|
|
SBP
|
153±21
|
|
DBP
|
93±13
|
BMI
|
|
24.4±3.5
|
WC#(cm)
|
|
83.4±9.8
|
Obesity
|
|
|
|
Overweight by BMI
|
535(36%)
|
|
Obesity by BMI
|
200(14%)
|
Central obesity
|
|
|
|
by WC
|
539(38%)
|
BP*:Blood pressure; SBP: Systolic blood pressure; DBP: Diastolic blood pressure; WC#:waist circumference
Obesity is determined by BMI ≥ 28 according to Chinese BMI cut points. Central obesity is determined by WC ≥90 cm for men and ≥85 cm for women according to Chinese cut points of WC. The prevalence of obesity was only 16% by BMI, but that of central obesity was 53% by WC.
Table 2 Lipid profile of the hypertensive patients
|
Total
|
Men
|
Women
|
N
|
1425
|
599
|
826
|
Serum lipid(m± SD,mmol/L)
|
|
|
TC
|
4.60±0.96
|
4.39±0.87
|
4.75±1.00
|
LDL-c
|
2.53±1.07
|
2.43±1.08
|
2.60±1.06
|
HDL-c
|
1.41±0.40
|
1.34±0.34
|
1.45±0.44
|
TG
|
1.60±1.00
|
1.46±0.95
|
1.69±1.02
|
Patients with
dyslipidemias(N, %)
|
774(54%)
|
284(47%)
|
490(59%)
|
hyper TC
|
360(25%)
|
100(17%)
|
260(31%)
|
hyper LDL-c
|
159(11%)
|
46(8%)
|
113(14%)
|
hypo HDL-c
|
210(15%)
|
107(18%)
|
103(12%)
|
hyper TG
|
470(33%)
|
163(27%)
|
307(37%)
|
Lipid profile was assessed in the studied hypertensive patients. Dyslipidemias were very common (54%). Hyper-TC and hyper-TG were the main dyslipidemias. The prevalence of dyslipidemias was higher among women.
Table 3 Fasting blood glucose levels of the hypertensive patients
|
Total
|
Men
|
Women
|
N
|
1395
|
587
|
808
|
FBGl
(m± SD,mmol/L)
|
6.03±1.63
|
6.01±1.70
|
6.04±1.58
|
Patients with abnormal
glucose metabolism(N, %)
|
517(37%)
|
209(36%)
|
308(38%)
|
By FBG
|
|
|
|
6.1-<7
|
294(21%)
|
112(19%)
|
182(22%)
|
≥7
|
223(16%)
|
97(17%)
|
126(16%)
|
FBG: fasting blood glucose level
The abnormal glucose metabolism (FBG≥ 6.1 mmol/L) was common. It’s prevalence was 37%. In addition, 16% of the population had hyperglycemia (FBG ≥ 7.0 mmol/L).
Table 4 Diet of the studied hypertensive population
Food category
|
Intake
|
Percent
|
Recommendation*
|
Carbohydrates #
|
|
|
250-400g/d
|
|
<250g/d
|
35.88%
|
|
|
250-500g/d
|
47.33%
|
|
|
>500g/d
|
16.79%
|
|
Meat
|
|
|
50-75g/d
|
|
<50g/d
|
82.20%
|
|
|
≥50g/d
|
17.80%
|
|
Vegetables
|
|
|
300-500g/d
|
|
<300g/d
|
59.01%
|
|
|
≥300g/d
|
40.99%
|
|
Fruits
|
|
|
200-350g/d
|
|
<100g/d
|
63.40%
|
|
|
100-200g/d
|
33.86%
|
|
|
>200g/d
|
2.74%
|
|
Eggs
|
|
|
280-350g/w
|
|
<280g/w
|
83.50%
|
|
|
≥280g/w
|
16.50%
|
|
Oil #
|
|
|
750-900g/m
|
|
<500g/m
|
49.35%
|
|
|
500-1000g/m
|
40.27%
|
|
|
>1000g/m
|
10.38%
|
|
Salt
|
|
|
6g/d
|
|
≤360 g/m
|
1.30%
|
|
|
>360/m
|
98.70%
|
|
average
|
23.5±17.3g/d
|
|
|
Salty pickles such as pickles, soy sauce
|
|
|
|
yes
|
75.65%
|
|
|
no
|
24.35%
|
|
N=1388. Recommendation*: intake recommended by China's dietary guidelines(2016)
#: The residents are used to weighing by Jin. 1 Jin = 500g. Therefore, in order to be easy to estimation, 250g, 500g and 1000g were used in the questionnaire to measure the intake of carbohydrates and oil.
The diet was very unbalanced despite of low fat intake. Seriously insufficient intake of protein(meat, egg), vegetables and fruits while salt intake was too much.