Parkinson’s Disease (PD) is one of the most common neurodegenerative diseases. While most of the attention focuses on motor symptoms. PD can also cause gastrointestinal symptoms such as constipation, nausea, and vomiting. Growing evidence suggests that the gut microbiota influences PD pathogenesis via the microbiota-gut-brain axis and that using fecal microbiota transplantation (FMT) to normalize the gut bacterial community has beneficial effects on PD. To explore the underlying mechanisms, researchers established a chronic rotenone-induced PD mouse model. Rotenone treatment led to gut microbiome changes, gastrointestinal impairment, and poor motor performance, which was then alleviated by FMT. FMT also reduced intestinal inflammation and barrier destruction. Subsequently, FMT attenuated blood-brain barrier impairment and neuroinflammation in the substantia nigra (SN), thus decreasing the damage to dopaminergic neurons. FMT also reduced lipopolysaccharide levels in the colon, serum, and SN, which suppressed downstream pro-inflammatory pathways. These results highlight the significance of microbiota in rotenone-induced PD pathogenesis and demonstrate that FMT can ameliorate rotenone-induced PD in a mouse model.