A piezoelectric sensor is a sensor using the piezoelectric effect in order to measure physical quantities such as pressure, acceleration, or any other physical quantity generating stresses or mechanical deformations through active materials (magnetic, electrical, thermal, mechanical...). In this paper, the operating principle of the piezoelectric sensor is defined in detail and it is translated to mathematical model (ie the modeling of this type of sensors). This developed model is related the accelerometer electrical parameters with their mechanical parameters, and simulation of this model allows to choose the appropriate damping rate of the sensor which minimizes measurement error and improves accuracy and sensitivity of this one. The proposal of a new relation links the relative frequency by the natural frequency of the piezoelectric accelerometer makes it possible to minimize the resonance phenomenon effect, to facilitate the suitable choice of the accelerometer and to protect it.