In the past years, wireless communications based on digital coding metasurfaces have gained research interests owing to the simplified architectures and low costs. However, in most of the metasurface-based wireless systems, single-polarization scenario is used, limiting the channel capacities. To solve the problem, multiplexing methods have been adopted, but the system complexity is inevitably increased. Here, a space-frequency-polarization-division multiplexed wireless communication system is proposed using an anisotropic space-time-coding (STC) digital metasurface. By separately designing time-varying control voltage sequences for differently oriented varactor diodes integrated on the metasurface, we achieve frequency-polarization-division multiplexed modulations. By further introducing different time-delay gradients to the control voltage sequences in two polarization directions, we successfully obtain space-frequency-polarization-division multiplexed modulations to realize new-architecture wireless communication system. The new communication system is designed with compact dual-polarized meta-elements, and can improve the channel capacity and space utilization. Experimental results demonstrate high-performance and real-time transmission capability of the proposed communication system, confirming the potential applications in multiple-user collaborative wireless communications.