[1]Nikolaou V, Massaro S, Fakhimi M, et al. COPD phenotypes and machine learning cluster analysis: A systematic review and future research agenda. Respir Med, 2020, 171(106093.
[2]Global, regional, and national deaths, prevalence, disability-adjusted life years, and years lived with disability for chronic obstructive pulmonary disease and asthma, 1990-2015: a systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2015. Lancet Respir Med, 2017, 5(9):691-706.
[3]Brandsma C A, Van den Berge M, Hackett T L, et al. Recent advances in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease pathogenesis: from disease mechanisms to precision medicine. 2020, 250(5):624-635.
[4]Yuan C, Chang D, Lu G, et al. Genetic polymorphism and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. Int J Chron Obstruct Pulmon Dis, 2017, 12(1385-1393.
[5]Martinez C H, Murray S, Barr R G, et al. Respiratory Symptoms Items from the COPD Assessment Test Identify Ever-Smokers with Preserved Lung Function at Higher Risk for Poor Respiratory Outcomes. An Analysis of the Subpopulations and Intermediate Outcome Measures in COPD Study Cohort. 2017, 14(5):636-642.
[6]Silverman E K Genetics of COPD. Annu Rev Physiol, 2020, 82(413-431.
[7]Pérez E, García-Martínez O, Arroyo-Morales M, et al. Modulation of antigenic phenotype in cultured human osteoblast-like cells by FGFb, TGFbeta1, PDGF-BB, IL-2, IL-1beta, LPS and IFNgamma. Biosci Rep, 2006, 26(4):281-9.
[8]Leask A,Abraham D J TGF-beta signaling and the fibrotic response. Faseb j, 2004, 18(7):816-27.
[9]Harris W T, Muhlebach M S, Oster R A, et al. Transforming growth factor-beta(1) in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid from children with cystic fibrosis. Pediatr Pulmonol, 2009, 44(11):1057-64.
[10]Willis B C, Liebler J M, Luby-Phelps K, et al. Induction of epithelial-mesenchymal transition in alveolar epithelial cells by transforming growth factor-beta1: potential role in idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis. Am J Pathol, 2005, 166(5):1321-32.
[11]Liao N, Zhao H, Chen M L, et al. Association between the TGF-β1 polymorphisms and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease: a meta-analysis. Biosci Rep, 2017, 37(4):
[12]Cosio M, Ghezzo H, Hogg J C, et al. The relations between structural changes in small airways and pulmonary-function tests. N Engl J Med, 1978, 298(23):1277-81.
[13]Bosken C H, Wiggs B R, Paré P D, et al. Small airway dimensions in smokers with obstruction to airflow. Am Rev Respir Dis, 1990, 142(3):563-70.
[14]Celedón J C, Lange C, Raby B A, et al. The transforming growth factor-beta1 (TGFB1) gene is associated with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). Hum Mol Genet, 2004, 13(15):1649-56.
[15]Wu L, Chau J, Young R P, et al. Transforming growth factor-beta1 genotype and susceptibility to chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. Thorax, 2004, 59(2):126-9.
[16]van Diemen C C, Postma D S, Vonk J M, et al. Decorin and TGF-beta1 polymorphisms and development of COPD in a general population. Respir Res, 2006, 7(1):89.
[17]Singh D, Agusti A, Anzueto A, et al. Global Strategy for the Diagnosis, Management, and Prevention of Chronic Obstructive Lung Disease: the GOLD science committee report 2019. 2019, 53(5):
[18]Kim S O, Corey M, Stephenson A L, et al. Reference percentiles of FEV1 for the Canadian cystic fibrosis population: comparisons across time and countries. Thorax, 2018, 73(5):446-450.
[19]Nguyen J M K, Robinson D N, Sidhaye V K Why New Biology Must Be Uncovered to Advance Therapeutic Strategies for Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease. Am J Physiol Lung Cell Mol Physiol, 2020,
[20]Sidhaye V K, Nishida K, Martinez F J Precision medicine in COPD: where are we and where do we need to go? Eur Respir Rev, 2018, 27(149):
[21]Nardini S, Annesi-Maesano I, Simoni M, et al. Accuracy of diagnosis of COPD and factors associated with misdiagnosis in primary care setting. E-DIAL (Early DIAgnosis of obstructive lung disease) study group. Respir Med, 2018, 143(61-66.
[22]Labaki W W,Han M K Improving Detection of Early Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease. Ann Am Thorac Soc, 2018, 15(Suppl 4):S243-s248.
[23]Siafakas N, Bizymi N, Mathioudakis A, et al. EARLY versus MILD Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD). Respir Med, 2018, 140(127-131.
[24]Rhee C K, Kim K, Yoon H K, et al. Natural course of early COPD. Int J Chron Obstruct Pulmon Dis, 2017, 12(663-668.
[25]Yeo J, Morales D A, Chen T, et al. RNAseq analysis of bronchial epithelial cells to identify COPD-associated genes and SNPs. BMC Pulm Med, 2018, 18(1):42.
[26]Li Y, Cho M H, Zhou X What do polymorphisms tell us about the mechanisms of COPD? Clin Sci (Lond), 2017, 131(24):2847-2863.
[27]Osei E T, Florez-Sampedro L, Tasena H, et al. miR-146a-5p plays an essential role in the aberrant epithelial-fibroblast cross-talk in COPD. Eur Respir J, 2017, 49(5):
[28]Xiong M, Guo M, Huang D, et al. TRPV1 genetic polymorphisms and risk of COPD or COPD combined with PH in the Han Chinese population. Cell Cycle, 2020, 19(22):3066-3073.
[29]Reséndiz-Hernández J M,Falfán-Valencia R Genetic polymorphisms and their involvement in the regulation of the inflammatory response in asthma and COPD. Adv Clin Exp Med, 2018, 27(1):125-133.
[30]Ranjan A, Singh A, Walia G K, et al. Genetic underpinnings of lung function and COPD. J Genet, 2019, 98(
[31]Xu L, Bian W, Gu X H, et al. Genetic polymorphism in matrix metalloproteinase-9 and transforming growth factor-β1 and susceptibility to combined pulmonary fibrosis and emphysema in a Chinese population. Kaohsiung J Med Sci, 2017, 33(3):124-129.
[32]He D, Li J, Zhou B, et al. A correlational meta-analytical study of transforming growth factor-β genetic polymorphisms as a risk factor for chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. Gene, 2020, 744(144633.
[33]Godinas L, Corhay J L, Henket M, et al. Increased production of TGF-β1 from sputum cells of COPD: Relationship with airway obstruction. Cytokine, 2017, 99(1-8.