2.2 The Previous Medical History
In terms of previous medical history, 147 patients (63.91%) had a history of smoking, 149 patients (64.78%) had a history of hyperlipidemia, 105 patients (45.65%) had a history of diabetes, 180 patients (78.26%) had a history of hypertension, 59 patients (25.65%) had a history of cerebrovascular disease, 154 patients (66.96%) had a history of unstable angina pectoris, 68 patients (29.57%) had a history of MI. Moreover, 152 patients had been diagnozed as heart dysfunction, including 43 cases (28.29%) of NYHA I, 49 cases (32.24%) of NYHA II; 40 cases (26.31%) of NYHA III; 20 cases (13.16%) of NYHA IV. The average of LVEF was 63.25 ± 10.03%.
2.3 Outcomes Of Coronary Angiography
All of these 230 have been received coronary angiography. The results showed that 78 patients (33.91%) were diagnozed as two-vessel lesions, 152 patients (66.09%) were diagnozed as three-vessel lesions, 36 patients (15.65%) were diagnozed as left main lesions, 41 patients (17.83%) were diagnozed as CTO.
2.4 The Treatment And Clinical Prognosis
Among these 230 participants, 58 patients (25.22%) were treated with drugs, 14 patients (6.09%) were treated with CABG, and 158 patients (68.70%) were treated with PCI. During the five-year follow-up, the all-cause mortality was 6.96% (16 cases), the cardiogenic mortality were 5.22% (12 cases), the incidence of MI was 5.22% (12 cases), the incidence of cerebrovascular events was 12.61% (29 cases), the incidence of revascularization was 10.87% (25 cases), the incidence of restenosis after surgery was 13.92% (22 cases), the incidence of MACE was 23.04% (53 cases), the incidence of rehospitalization due to angina pectoris was 70.87% (163 cases).
2.5 The subgroup analysis of patients with three-vessel lesion and two-vessel lesion
Among these 230 participants, 152 patients have been diagnozed as three-vessel lesions by coronary angiography, 78 patients have been diagnozed as two-vessel lesions by coronary angiography. When compared with patients who had two-vessel lesions, the patients with three-vessel lesions had significantly higher rate of diabetes history (51.32% vs. 34.62%, P = 0.018) and unstable angina pectoris history ( 73.03% vs. 55.13%, P = 0.008). Furthermore, the patients with three-vessel lesions were assocaited with significantly higher risk of cardiogenic mortality (7.24% vs. 1.28%, P = 0.045) than those patients with two-vessel lesions. The details were listed in the Table 1.
Table 1
The subgroup analysis of patients with three-vessel lesion and two-vessel lesion
Index
|
Three-vessel lesions group
|
Two-vessel lesions group
|
P
|
N
|
152
|
78
|
|
Male/female
|
78/74
|
51/27
|
0.050
|
Age(years)
|
70.78 ± 10.32
|
67.71 ± 11.85
|
0.094
|
Previous medical history
|
|
|
|
History of smoking
|
48(31.582%)
|
35(44.87)
|
0.059
|
History of hyperlipidemia
|
99(65.13%)
|
50(63.41%)
|
0.885
|
History of diabetes
|
78(51.32%)
|
27(34.62%)
|
0.018
|
History of hypertension
|
122(80.26%)
|
58(74.36%)
|
0.315
|
History of cerebrovascular disease
|
41(26.97%)
|
18(23.08%)
|
0.633
|
History of unstable angina pectoris
|
111(73.03%)
|
43(55.13%)
|
0.008
|
History of MI
|
49(32.23%)
|
19(24.36%)
|
0.227
|
LVEF
|
62.39 ± 10.63
|
64.92 ± 8.58
|
0.105
|
Clinical prognosis
|
|
|
|
All-cause mortality
|
13(8.55%)
|
3(3.85%)
|
0.274
|
Cardiogenic mortality
|
11(7.24%)
|
1(1.28%)
|
0.045
|
MI
|
8(5.26%)
|
4(5.13%)
|
0.617
|
Cerebrovascular event
|
19(12.50%)
|
10(12.82%)
|
0.549
|
Revascularization
|
17(11.18%)
|
8(10.26%)
|
0.512
|
Restenosis after surgery
|
12(7.89%)
|
10(12.82%)
|
0.167
|
MACE
|
38(25.00%)
|
15(19.23%)
|
0.208
|
Rehospitalization due to angina pectoris
|
112(73.68%)
|
51(65.38%)
|
0.124
|
Note: MI: Myocardial infarction; LVEF: Left ventricular ejection fraction; MACE: Major cardiovascular adverse events. |
2.6 The Subgroup Analysis Of Patients With CTO
Among these 230 participants, 41 patients have been diagnozed as CTO by coronary angiography. When compared with those patients without CTO, the patients with CTO had significantly higher rate of diabetes history (58.54% vs. 42.86%, P = 0.049), unstable angina pectoris history ( 80.49% vs. 64.02%, P = 0.029) and MI history ( 48.78% vs. 25.40%, P = 0.003). Furthermore, the LVEF was significantly lower among patients with CTO than those patients without CTO (58.73 ± 11.30 vs. 64.23 ± 9.49, P = 0.001). In terms of the clinical prognosis, the patients with CTO were assocaited with significantly higher risk of recurrent myocardial infarction (12.20% vs. 3.2%, P = 0.043). The details were listed in the Table 2.
Table 2
The subgroup analysis of patients with CTO
Index
|
CTO group
|
Without CTO group
|
P
|
N
|
41
|
189
|
|
Male/female
|
25/16
|
104/85
|
0.302
|
Age(years)
|
68.10 ± 12.49
|
70.09 ± 10.57
|
0.491
|
Previous medical history
|
|
|
|
History of smoking
|
17(41.46)
|
66(34.92%)
|
0.268
|
History of hyperlipidemia
|
26(63.41%)
|
123(65.08%)
|
0.487
|
History of diabetes
|
24(58.54%)
|
81(42.86%)
|
0.049
|
History of hypertension
|
28(68.29%)
|
152(80.42%)
|
0.070
|
History of cerebrovascular disease
|
11(26.83%)
|
48(25.40%)
|
0.494
|
History of unstable angina pectoris
|
33(80.49%)
|
121(64.02%)
|
0.029
|
History of MI
|
20(48.78%)
|
48(25.40%)
|
0.003
|
LVEF
|
58.73 ± 11.30
|
64.23 ± 9.49
|
0.001
|
Clinical prognosis
|
|
|
|
All-cause mortality
|
5(12.20%)
|
11(3.2%)
|
0.134
|
Cardiogenic mortality
|
4(9.76%)
|
8(2.5%)
|
0.146
|
MI
|
5(12.20%)
|
7(3.2%)
|
0.043
|
Cerebrovascular event
|
5(12.20%)
|
24(12.1%)
|
0.584
|
Revascularization
|
4(9.76%)
|
21(11.5%)
|
0.529
|
Restenosis after surgery
|
2(4.88%)
|
20(10.2%)
|
0.208
|
MACE
|
12(29.27%)
|
41(21.7%)
|
0.199
|
Rehospitalization due to angina pectoris
|
24(58.54%)
|
139(73.54%)
|
0.044
|
Note: MI: Myocardial infarction; LVEF: Left ventricular ejection fraction; MACE: Major cardiovascular adverse events. |
2.7 The subgroup analysis of patients with left main lesions
Among these 230 participants, 36 patients have been diagnozed as left main lesions by coronary angiography. When compared with those patients without left main lesions, the patients with left main lesions were assocaited with significantly higher risk of cardiogenic mortality (13.89% vs. 3.61%, P = 0.025). Furthermore, the age of patients with left main lesions was significantly older than those patients without left main lesions (73.61 ± 9.95 vs. 69.02 ± 10.98, P = 0.018). The details were listed in the Table 3.
Table 3
The subgroup analysis of patients with left main lesions
Index
|
Left main lesions
group
|
Without left main lesions
group
|
P
|
N
|
36
|
194
|
|
Male/female
|
25/11
|
104/90
|
0.056
|
Age(years)
|
73.61 ± 9.95
|
69.02 ± 10.98
|
0.018
|
Previous medical history
|
|
|
|
History of smoking
|
14(38.89)
|
69(35.57%)
|
0.709
|
History of hyperlipidemia
|
20(55.56%)
|
129(66.49%)
|
0.124
|
History of diabetes
|
14(38.89)
|
91(46.91%)
|
0.241
|
History of hypertension
|
30(83.33%)
|
150(77.32%)
|
0.287
|
History of cerebrovascular disease
|
12(33.33%)
|
47(24.23%)
|
0.172
|
History of unstable angina pectoris
|
27(75.00%)
|
127(66.49%)
|
0.178
|
History of MI
|
12(33.33%)
|
56(28.87%)
|
0.361
|
LVEF
|
63.22 ± 10.32
|
63.26 ± 10.01
|
0.984
|
Clinical prognosis
|
|
|
|
All-cause mortality
|
5(13.89%)
|
11(5.67%)
|
0.084
|
Cardiogenic mortality
|
5(13.89%)
|
7(3.61%)
|
0.025
|
MI
|
3(8.33%)
|
9(4.64%)
|
0.285
|
Cerebrovascular event
|
6(16.67%)
|
23(11.86%)
|
0.288
|
Revascularization
|
3(8.33%)
|
22(11.34%)
|
0.425
|
Restenosis after surgery
|
4(11.11%)
|
18(9.28%)
|
0.463
|
MACE
|
12(33.33%)
|
41(21.13%)
|
0.087
|
Rehospitalization due to angina pectoris
|
25(69.44%)
|
138(71.13%)
|
0.490
|
Note: MI: Myocardial infarction; LVEF: Left ventricular ejection fraction; MACE: Major cardiovascular adverse events. |