1.Wilmore DW, Kehlet H. Management of patients in fast track surgery. BMJ 2001; 322:473-6
2.Khoo CK, Vickery CJ, Forsyth N, et al. A prospective randomized controlled trial of multimodal perioperative management protocol in patients undergoing elective colorectal resection for cancer. Ann Surg 2007; 245: 867-872
3.MacKay G, Fearon K, McConnachie A, et al . Randomized clinical trial of the effect of postoperative intravenous fluid restriction on recovery after elective colorectal surgery. Br J Surg. 2006; 93 (12):1469-1474.
4.Holte K, Foss NB, Andersen J, et al. Liberal or restrictive fluid administration in fast-track colonic surgery: a randomized, double-blind study. Br J Anaesth. 2007; 99(4): 500-508.
5.Chappell D, Jacob M, Hofmann-Kiefer K,et al. A rational approach to perioperative fluid management. Anesthesiology. 2008;109 (4):723-740.
6.Joshi GP. Intraoperative fluid restriction improves outcome after major elective gastrointestinal surgery. Anesth Analg. 2005;101(2):601-605.
7.Brandstrup B, Tønnesen H, Beier-Holgersen R, et al; Danish Study Group on Perioperative Fluid Therapy. Effects of intravenous fluid restriction on postoperative complications: comparison of two perioperative fluid regimens: a randomized assessor-blinded multicenter trial. Ann Surg.2003; 238(5):641-648.
8. Nisanevich V, Felsenstein I, Almogy G, et al. Matot I.Effect of intraoperative fluid management on outcome after intraabdominal surgery.Anesthesiology. 2005; 103(1):25-32.
9. Jacob M, Chappell D, Rehm M. Clinical update:perioperative fluid management. Lancet. 2007; 369(9578):1984-1986.
10. Rahbari NN, Zimmermann JB, Schmidt T, et al. Metaanalysis of standard restrictive and supplemental fluid administration in colorectal surgery. Br J Surg. 2009; 96(4):331-34.
11.Lobo DN, Bostock KA, Neal KR, et al. Effect of salt and water balance on recovery of gastrointestinal function after elective colonic resection: a randomised controlled trial. Lancet. 2002; 359(9320):1812-1818.
12.Walsh SR, Tang TY, Farooq N, et al. Perioperative fluid restriction reduces complications after major gastrointestinal surgery. Surgery. 2008; 143(4):466-468.
13.Holte K, Kehlet H. Fluid therapy and surgical outcomes in elective surgery: a need for reassessment in fast-track surgery. J Am Coll Surg. 2006; 202(6):971-989.
14.Marjanovic G, Villain C, Juettner E, et al. Impact of different crystalloid volume regimes on intestinal anastomotic stability. Ann Surg. 2009; 249(2):181-185.
15.Mythen MG, Webb AR. Intra-operative gut mucosal hypoperfusion is associated with increased post-operative complications and cost. Intensive Care Med.1994; 20(2):99-104.
16.Shoemaker WC, Thangathurai D, Wo CC, et al. Intraoperative evaluation of tissue perfusion in high-risk patients by invasive and noninvasive hemodynamic monitoring. Crit Care Med. 1999; 27(10):2147-2152.
17.Shoemaker WC, Wo CC, Thangathurai D, et al. Hemodynamic patterns of survivors and nonsurvivors during high risk elective surgical operations. World J Surg.1999; 23(12):1264-1271.
18.Jonsson K, Jensen JA, Goodson WH III, et al. Assessment of per fusion in postoperative patients using tissue oxygen measurements. Br J Surg. 1987; 74(4):263-267.
19.Strunden MS, Heckel K, Goetz AE, et al. Perioperative fluid and volumemanagement: physiological basis, tools and strategies. Ann Intensive Care 2011; 1(1):2
20.Brandstrup B. Fluid therapy for the surgical patient. Best Pract Res Clin Anaesthesiol 2006; 20(2):265-283
21.Rosenberg J. Late postoperative hypoxaemia. Mechanisms and clinical implications. Dan Med Bull 1995; 42(1):40-46
22.Nisanevich V, Felsenstein I, Almogy G, et al. Effect of intraoperative fluid management on outcome after intraabdominal surgery. Anesthesiology 2005; 103(1):25-32
23.Wilmore DW, Smith RJ, O’Dwyer ST, et al. The gut: a central organ after surgical stress. Surgery 1988; 104(5):917-923
24.Wright GP, Koehler TJ, Davis AT, et al. The drowning whipple: perioperative fluid balance and outcomes following pancreaticoduodenectomy. J Surg Oncol. 2014; 110: 407-411
25.Behman R, Hanna S, Coburn N, et al. Impact of fluid resuscitation on major adverse events following pancreaticoduodenectomy. Am J Surg. 2015; 210: 896-903.
26.Bennett-Guerrero E, Welsby I, Dunn TJ, et al. The use of a postoperative morbidity survey to evaluate patients with prolonged hospitalization after routine, moderate-risk, elective surgery. Anesth Analg.1999; 89: 514-519.
27.Weinberg L, Wong D, Karalapillai D,et al. The impact of fluid intervention on complications and length of hospital stay after pancreaticoduodenectomy (Whipple's procedure). BMC Anesthesiol.2014; 14:35.
28.Lassen K, Soop M, Nygren J, et al. Consensus review of optimal perioperative care in colorectal surgery: Enhanced Recovery After Surgery (ERAS) Group recommendations.Arch Surg. 2009; 144: 961-969.
29.Kagedan DJ, Ahmed M, Devitt KS, et al. Enhanced recovery after pancreatic surgery: a systematic review of the evidence. HPB (Oxford).2015;17: 11-6.
30.Behman R, Hanna S, Coburn N, et al. Impact of fluid resuscitation on major adverse events following pancreaticoduodenectomy.Am J Surg. 2015; 210: 896-903.
31.Gustafsson UO, Scott MJ, Schwenk W, et al. Guidelines for perioperative care in elective colonic surgery: Enhanced Recovery After Surgery (ERAS) Society recommendations. Clin Nutr 2012; 31: 783-800.
32.Intravenous fluid therapy in adults in hospital: clinical guideline CG174. London: National Institute for Health and Care Excellence, 2017
33. Ljungqvist O, Scott M, Fearon KC. Enhanced Recovery After Surgery: a review. JAMA Surg 2017; 152: 292-8.
34.Corcoran T, Rhodes JE, Clarke S, et al. Perioperative fluid management strategies in major surgery: a stratified meta-analysis. Anesth Analg.2012; 114: 640-51.
35.Jia FJ, Yan QY, Sun Q, et al. Liberal versus restrictive fluid management in abdominal surgery: a meta-analysis. Surg Today. 2017; 47(3):344-356
36.Myles PS, Bellomo R, Corcoran T, et al Restrictive versus Liberal Fluid Therapy for Major Abdominal Surgery.N Engl J Med. 2018;378(24):2263-2274.
37.Cochrane handbook for systematic reviews of interventions. Higgins JPT, Green S, editors. Version 5.1.0 (updated March 2011) London: The Cochrane Collaboration
38.Peng NH, Gao T, Chen YY, et al. Restricted intravenous fluid regimen reduces fluid redistribution of patients operated for abdominal malignancy. Hepatogastroenterology.2013; 60:1653-9.
39.Futier E, Constantin JM, Petit A et al Conservative vs restrictive individualized goal-directed fluid replacement strategy in major abdominal surgery: A prospective randomized trial.Arch Surg. 2010;145(12):1193-200
40.Phan TD, D'Souza B, Rattray MJ et al A randomised controlled trial of fluid restriction compared to oesophageal Doppler-guided goal-directed fluid therapy in elective major colorectal surgery within an Enhanced Recovery After Surgery program Anaesth Intensive Care.2014; 42(6):752-60.
41.Cohn SM, Pearl RG, Acosta SM, et al. A prospective randomized pilot study of near-infrared spectroscopy-directed restricted fluid therapy versus standard fluid therapy in patients undergoing elective colorectal surgery. Am Surg. 2010; 76:1384–92.
42.Abraham-Nordling M, Hjern F, Pollack J, et al. Randomized clinical trial of fluid restriction in colorectal surgery.Br J Surg. 2012; 99(2):186-91.
43.Piljic D, Petricevic M, Piljic D et al Restrictive versus Standard Fluid Regimen in Elective Minilaparotomy Abdominal Aortic Repair-Prospective Randomized Controlled Trial. Thorac Cardiovasc Surg. 2016; 64(4):296-303
44.Weinberg L, Ianno D, Churilov L et al Restrictive intraoperative fluid optimisation algorithm improves outcomes in patients undergoing pancreaticoduodenectomy: A prospective multicentre randomized controlled trial. PLoS One. 2017; 12(9):e0183313.
45.Srinivasa S,Taylor MH,Singh PP, et al Randomized clinical trial of goal-directed fluid therapy within an enhanced recovery protocol for elective colectomy.Br J Surg. 2013;100(1):66-74
46.Challand C, Struthers R, Sneyd JR et al Randomized controlled trial of intraoperative goal-directed fluid therapy in aerobically fit and unfit patients having major colorectal surgery.Br J Anaesth. 2012 ;108(1):53-62
47.Brandstrup B,Svendsen PE,Rasmussen M et al Which goal for fluid therapy during colorectal surgery is followed by the best outcome: near-maximal stroke volume or zero fluid balance?Br J Anaesth. 2012; 109(2):191-9.
48.Myles P,Bellomo R,Corcoran T et al Restrictive versus liberal fluid therapy in major abdominal surgery (RELIEF): rationale and design for a multicentre randomised trial.BMJ Open. 2017;7(3):e015358
49.Gustafsson UO, Scott MJ, Schwenk W, et al. Guidelines for perioperative care in elective colonic surgery: Enhanced Recovery After Surgery (ERAS) Society recommendations.Clin Nutr 2012; 31: 783-800.
50.Feldheiser A, Aziz O, Baldini G, et al. Enhanced Recovery After Surgery (ERAS) for gastrointestinal surgery, part 2: consensus statement for anaesthesia practice. Acta Anaesthesiol Scand 2016; 60: 289-334.
51.Ljungqvist O, Scott M, Fearon KC. Enhanced Recovery After Surgery: a review. JAMA Surg 2017; 152: 292-8.
52.Varadhan KK, Lobo DN. A meta-analysis of randomised controlled trials of intravenous fluid therapy in major elective open abdominal surgery: getting the balance right. Proc Nutr Soc 2010; 69: 488-98.
53.Bundgaard-Nielsen M, Secher NH, Kehlet H. ‘Liberal’ vs. ‘restrictive’ perioperative fluid therapy-a critical assessment of the evidence. Acta Anaesthesiol Scand 2009; 53: 843-51.
54.Brandstrup B, Tnesen H, Beier-Holgersen R, et al. Effects of intravenous fluid restriction on postoperative complications:comparison of two perioperative fluid regimens: a randomized assessorblinded multicenter trial. Ann Surg 2003; 238: 641-8
55.Lobo DN, Bostock KA, Neal KR,et al. Effect of salt and water balance on recovery of gastrointestinal function after elective colonic resection: a randomised controlled trial. Lancet 2002; 359: 1812-8.
56.Nisanevich V, Felsenstein I, Almogy G, et al. Effect of intraoperative fluid management on outcome after intraabdominal surgery. Anesthesiology 2005; 103: 25-32.
57.Thacker JK, Mountford WK, Ernst FR, et al. Perioperative fluid utilization variability and association with outcomes: considerations for enhanced recovery efforts in sample US surgical populations. Ann Surg 2016; 263:502-10.
58.Bellamy MC. Wet, dry or something else?Br J Anaesth 2006; 97: 755-7.
59.Arieff AI. Fatal postoperative pulmonary edema: pathogenesis and literature review. Chest 1999; 115: 1371-7.
60.Kimberger O, Arnberger M, Brandt S, et al. Goal-directed colloid administration improves the microcirculation of healthy and perianastomotic colon.Anesthesiology. 2009;110(3):496-504.
61.Reinhart K, Rudolph T, Bredle DL, et al. Comparison of central-venous to mixed-venous oxygen saturation during changes in oxygen supply/demand. Chest. 1989;95 (6):1216-1221
62.Collaborative Study Group on Perioperative ScvO2 Monitoring. Multicentre study on peri- and postoperative central venous oxygen saturation in high-risk surgical patients. Crit Care. 2006;10(6):R158.
63.Pearse R, Dawson D, Fawcett J, et al. Changes in central venous saturation after major surgery, and association with outcome.Crit Care. 2005;9(6):R694-R699.
64.Donati A, Loggi S, Preiser JC, et al. Goal-directed intraoperative therapy reduces morbidity and length of hospital stay in high-risk surgical patients. Chest. 2007; 132(6):1817-1824.
65.Varadhan KK, Lobo DN. A meta-analysis of randomised controlled trials of intravenous fluid therapy in major elective open abdominal surgery: getting the balance right. Proc Nutr Soc 2010; 69: 488-98
66.Boland MR, Noorani A, Varty K, et al. Perioperative fluid restriction in major abdominal surgery: systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized, clinical trials. World J Surg 2013; 37: 1193-202.
67.Rahbari NN, Zimmermann JB, Schmidt T, et al.Meta-analysis of standard, restrictive and supplemental fluid administration in colorectal surgery. Br J Surg 2009; 96: 331-41.
68.Bundgaard-Nielsen M, Secher NH,Kehlet H. ‘Liberal’ vs. ‘restrictive’ perioperative fluid therapy - a critical assessment of the evidence. Acta Anaesthesiol Scand 2009; 53: 843-51.
69.Feldheiser A, Aziz O, Baldini G, et al. Enhanced Recovery After Surgery (ERAS) for gastrointestinal surgery, part 2: consensus statement for anaesthesia practice. Acta Anaesthesiol Scand 2016; 60: 289-334.
70.Ljungqvist O, Scott M, Fearon KC. Enhanced Recovery After Surgery: a review. JAMA Surg 2017; 152: 292-8.
71.Wilson J, Woods I, Fawcett J, et al. Reducing the risk of major elective surgery: randomised controlled trial of preoperative optimisation of oxygen delivery. BMJ. 1999;318(7191):1099-1103.
72.Venn R, Steele A, Richardson P, et al. Randomized controlled trial to investigate influence of the fluid challenge on duration of hospital stay and perioperative morbidity in patients with hip fractures.Br J Anaesth. 2002; 88(1):65-71.
73.Noblett SE, Snowden CP, Shenton BK, et al. Randomized clinical trial assessing the effect of Doppler-optimized fluid management on outcome after elective colorectal resection. Br J Surg. 2006;93(9):1069-1076.
74.Gan TJ, Soppitt A, Maroof M, et al. Goal-directed intraoperative fluid administration reduces length of hospital stay after major surgery. Anesthesiology. 2002;97(4):820-826.
75.SlamaM,Masson H, Teboul JL, et al. Monitoring of respiratory variations of aortic blood flow velocity using esophageal Doppler. Intensive Care Med. 2004; 30(6):1182-1187.
76.Monnet X, Rienzo M, Osman D, et al. Esophageal Doppler monitoring predicts fluid responsiveness in critically ill ventilated patients. Intensive Care Med. 2005; 31(9):1195-1201.
77.Wakeling HG, McFall MR, Jenkins CS, et al. Intraoperative oesophageal Doppler guided fluid management shortens postoperative hospital stay after major bowel surgery. Br J Anaesth. 2005;95(5):634-642.
78.Lopes MR, Oliveira MA, Pereira VO, et al. Goaldirected fluid management based on pulse pressure variation monitoring during high-risk surgery: a pilot randomized controlled trial. Crit Care. 2007; 11(5):R100.
79.Mythen MG, Webb AR. Intra-operative gut mucosal hypoperfusion is associated with increased post-operative complications and cost. Intensive Care Med. 1994; 20(2):99-104.
80.Mythen MG, Webb AR. The role of gut mucosal hypoperfusion in the pathogenesis of post-operative organ dysfunction. Intensive Care Med. 1994; 20(3): 203-209.
81.Srinivasa S,Lemanu DP,Singh PP et al Systematic review and meta-analysis of oesophageal Doppler-guided fluid management in colorectal surgery.Br J Surg. 2013;100(13):1701-8
82.Schol PB,Terink IM,Lancé MD et al Liberal or restrictive fluid management during elective surgery: a systematic review and meta-analysis.J Clin Anesth. 2016;35:26-39
83.Pang Q, Liu H, Chen B et al Restrictive and liberal fluid administration in major abdominal surgery. Saudi Med J. 2017;38(2):123-131
84. Wang LH,Fang F,Lu CM et al Safety of fast-track rehabilitation after gastrointestinal surgery: systematic review and meta-analysis. World J Gastroenterol.2014 Nov 7;20(41):15423-39