This polyphasic study indicates that isolates WHY3T, WH131T, and WH158T are new species belonging to the genus Winogradskyella and Erythrobacter. Based on our results, we propose the name Winogradskyella luteol sp.nov. for strain WHY3T; and Erythrobacter ani sp.nov. and Erythrobacter crassostrea sp.nov. for strains WH131T and WH158T, respectively. Environmental pollution is one of the most serious issues that the twenty-first century is dealing with. Restoration and rehabilitation of contaminated sites have attracted a great deal of interest from the scientific community, with bioremediation as the main methods in such endevores. Based on our genome analysis, all three strains, WHY3T, WH131T, and WH158T, show they have the potential for bioremediation, as they contain certain important genes that have already been proven to be involved in bioremediation processes. The here described bacterial strains might have great potential for the bioremediation of certain pollutants either by absorbing or degrading certain pollutants. Therefore, we invite other researchers to join and to further explore the potential of the here described bacterial isolates in bioremediation processes and projects. The three novel species' protologue descriptions and etymologies are provided in descriptions.
Description of Winogradskyella luteola sp.nov.
Winogradskyella luteola (lu.te.o'la. L. fem. adj. luteola, light yellow). Cells are Gram-negative-staining, motile by gliding, rod-shaped, aerobic, no-spore-form, devoid of flagella, 0.3–0.4 µm width and 0.8–2.1 µm in length. Colonies are yellow. Temperature range for growth is 5–40 (◦C) pH spectrum for growth 6–9 and NaCl (optimum) for growth 2.5 (%).
Positive for: catalase, oxidase, esterase (C4), esterase lipase (C8), phosphatase acid, naphtol-AS-BI-phosphohydrolase, acetoin, phosphatase alkaline, leucin arylamidase, valine arylamidase, assimilation of D-glucose, malic acid. There are alsopositive results (Biolog GEN III Micro Plate analysis) for glucuronamide, Gentiobiose, D-turanose, α-D-glucose, D-fucose, L-fucose, L-rhamnose, acetoacetic acid, acetic acid, L-malic acid, bromo-succinic acid, potassiumtellurite, sodium butyrate, sodium bromate, D-glucuronic acid, D-fructose-6-PO4, L-histidine, 1% NaCl, 4% NaCl and 8% NaCl, 1% sodium lactate, fusidic acid, D-serine, troleandomycin, rifamycin SV, minocycline, lincomycin, guanidine HCl, niaproof 4, vancomycin, nalidixic as well as susceptibility for chloramphenicol, thiostrepton, erythromycin, aztreonam. Major polar lipids are phosphatidylethanolamine (PE), unidentified glycolipid (GL), unidentified aminolipid (AL), and unidentified polar lipid (L). The predominant cellular fatty acids are C15:0, anteiso-C15:1 ω7c, iso-C15:0, C16:1ω7c. The menaquinone-6 (MK-6) is the major respiratory quinone.
The type strain WHY3T (= DSM 111804T = NCCB 100833T) was isolated from Hemolymph of Pacific Oyster Crassostrea gigas, which was collected from Wilhelmshaven in Germany. The DNA G + C content of type strain is 34.50%. Genome size of strain WHY3T indicates 3,53 Mbp. The GenBank/NCBI accession numbers for 16S rRNA Gene sequence and whole-genome sequence of strain WHY3T are MW888983 and JAGSPD000000000, respectively.
Description of Erythrobacter ani sp.nov.
Erythrobacter ani (a'ni. L. gen. n. ani, of the anus, referring to anus area near the adductor muscle in Crassostrea gigas). Gram-negative, no-spore-form, non-flagellated and coccoid, ovoid or rod-shaped cell, 0.2–0.3 µm width and 0.6–3.1 µm length: Colonies are yellowish-orange. Temperature range for growth is 20–35 (◦C) pH spectrum for growth 6–9 and NaCl (optimum) for growth 2.5 (%). Positive for: catalase, oxidase, esterase (C4), esterase lipase (C8), cystine arylamidase, trypsin, α –chymotrypsin, phosphatase acid, nitrate reduction, arginine dihydrolase, aesculin hedrolysis, tween 80 hydrolysis, phosphatase alkaline, leucin arylamidase, valine arylamidase, assimilation of D-glucose, D-mannose, D-mannitol, D-maltose, malic acid, phenylacetic acid. There are positive results (Biolog GEN III Micro Plate analysis) for glucuronamide, D-glucose-6-phosphate, D-fructose-6-phosphate, D-galacturonic acid, L-lactic acid, α-ketoglutaric acid, β-hydroxy-D, L-butyric acid, acetic acid, dextrin, D-maltose, D-trehalose, D-cellobiose, gentiobiose, sucrose, D-turanose, stachyose, D-raffinose, α-D-lactose, D-melibiose, β-methyl-D-glucoside, D-salicin, 1% NaCl, α-D-glucose, D-mannose, D-fructose, D-galactose, D-fucose, L-fucose, L-rhamnose, inosine, D-sorbitol, D-mannitol, D-aspartic acid, gelatin, glycyl-L-proline, L-glutamic acid, pectin, L-galactonic acid lactone, D-gluconic acid, D-glucuronic acid, mucic acid, quinic acid, methyl pyruvate, D-lactic acid methyl ester, D-malic acid, L-malic acid, bromosuccinic acid, p-Hydroxy phenylacetic acid, tween 40, α-ketobutyric acid, formic acid, potassium tellurite, aztreonam, sodium butyrate. The other substrates were absent or negative. Antibiotic susceptibility for gentamycin, kanamycin, chloramphenicol, spectinomycin, fusidic acid, thiostrepton, erythromycin and tetracycline. Major polar lipids are diphosphatidylglycerol (DPG), phosphatidylethanolamine (PE), phosphatidylcholine (PC), phosphatidylglycerol (PG), sphingoglycolipid (SGL),unidentified glycolipid (GL), unidentified aminolipid (AL), and unidentified polar lipid (L). The predominant cellular fatty acids are C14:02-OH, t18:1ω12. The ubiquinone-10 (Q-10) is their predominant isoprenoid quinone.
The type strain WH131T (= DSM 112099T = NCCB 100824T) was isolated from Hemolymph of Pacific Oyster Crassostrea gigas, which was collected from Wilhelmshaven in Germany. The DNA G + C content of type strain is 59.70%. Genome size of strain WHY3T indicates 3,15 Mbp. The GenBank/NCBI accession numbers for 16S rRNA Gene sequence and whole-genome sequence of strain WH131T are MW888981 and JAGSPB000000000, respectively.
Description of Erythrobacter crassostreae sp.nov.
Erythrobacter crassostreae (crass.os'tre.ae. N.L. gen. n. crassostreae, referring to the giant oyster Crassostrea gigas). Gram-negative, no-spore-form, non-flagellated, and coccoid, ovoid or rod-shaped cell, 0.2–0.4 µm width and 0.5–2.4 µm length. Colonies are orange. Temperature range for growth is 20–35 (◦C) pH spectrum for growth 6–9 and NaCl (optimum) for growth 2.5 (%). Positive for: catalase, oxidase, esterase (C4), esterase lipase (C8), cystine arylamidase, trypsin, α –chymotrypsin, phosphatase acid, Lipase (C14), Naphtol-AS-BI-phosphohydrolase, arginine dihydrolase, aesculin hedrolysis, phosphatase alkaline, leucin arylamidase, valine arylamidase, phosphatase alkaline, leucin arylamidase, valine arylamidase, assimilation of D-glucose, D-mannose, D-mannitol, D-maltose, phenylacetic acid. There are positive results (Biolog GEN III Micro Plate analysis) for dextrin, D-maltose, D-trehalose, D-cellobiose, gentiobiose, sucrose, D-turanose, stachyose, D-raffinose, α-D-lactose, D-melibiose, 1% NaCl, α-D-glucose, D-mannose, D-fructose, D-galactose, L-fucose, D-fucose, L-rhamnose, inosine, D-mannitol, D-glucose-6-phosphate, D-fructose-6-phosphate, glycyl-L-proline, L-glutamic acid, pectin, D-galacturonic acid, L-galactonic acid lactone, D-glucuronic acid, D-gluconic acid, glucuronamide, mucic acid, quinic acid, p-Hydroxy phenylacetic acid, methyl pyruvate, L-lactic acid, D-malic acid, L-malic acid, nalidixic acid, tween 40, α-ketobutyric acid, acetic acid, formic acid, aztreonam, sodium butyrate. The other substrates were absent or negative. Antibiotic susceptibility for gentamycin, kanamycin, chloramphenicol, spectinomycin, fusidic acid, thiostrepton, nalidixic acid, erythromycin, and tetracycline. Major polar lipids are diphosphatidylglycerol (DPG), phosphatidylethanolamine (PE), phosphatidylcholine (PC), phosphatidylglycerol (PG), sphingoglycolipid (SGL),unidentified glycolipid (GL), unidentified aminolipid (AL), and unidentified polar lipid (L). The predominant cellular fatty acids are C17:0 and C18:1ω7c. The ubiquinone-10 (Q-10) is their predominant isoprenoid quinone.