Acknowledgements:
The authors thank the GUSTO study group, which includes Allan Sheppard, Amutha Chinnadurai, Anne Eng Neo Goh, Anne Rifkin-Graboi, Anqi Qiu, Arijit Biswas, Bee Wah Lee, Birit F.P. Broekman, Boon Long Quah, Borys Shuter, Chai Kiat Chng, Cheryl Ngo, Choon Looi Bong, Christiani Jeyakumar Henry, Cornelia Yin Ing Chee, Yam Thiam Daniel Goh, Doris Fok, George Seow Heong Yeo, Helen Chen, Hugo P S van Bever, Iliana Magiati, Inez Bik Yun Wong, Ivy Yee-Man Lau, Jeevesh Kapur, Jenny L. Richmond, Jerry Kok Yen Chan, Joanna D. Holbrook, Joshua J. Gooley, Kenneth Kwek, Krishnamoorthy Niduvaje, Leher Singh, Lin Lin Su, Lourdes Mary Daniel, Mark Hanson, Mary Foong-Fong Chong, Mary Rauff, Mei Chien Chua, Michael Meaney, Ngee Lek, Oon Hoe Teoh, P. C. Wong, Pratibha Agarwal, Rob M. van Dam, Salome A. Rebello, Seang-Mei Saw, Shang Chee Chong, Shirong Cai, Shu-E Soh, Sok Bee Lim, Chin-Ying Stephen Hsu, Victor Samuel Rajadurai, Walter Stunkel, Wee Meng Han, Wei Wei Pang, Yin Bun Cheung, and Yiong Huak Chan.
Authorship
SYC conceived and designed this study together with MW and NK, who co-supervised the main analyses of samples and data analyses performed by WFC, GW and KN. SN, IA, SES SLL and AB contributed to data used in the analyses. KHT, FY, LS, YSC, PD, KMG and YSL
were involved in the design and supervision of the overall GUSTO cohort study. GW, KN, NK and SYC were responsible for drafting the manuscript. All authors provided feedback on interpretation of results, and edition of the manuscript. The first two authors and the last two authors had full access to all the data in the study and takes responsibility for the integrity of the data and the accuracy of the data analysis. SYC is the guarantor of this work.
Role of the Funder/Sponsor
The funders had no role in the design and conduct of the study; collection, management, analysis, and interpretation of the data; preparation, review, or approval of the manuscript; and decision to submit the manuscript for publication.
Data availability
The results from the lipidomics analyses in this study are fully presented both in the main manuscript as well as in the supplementary tables. Clinical data and lipidomics data are not publicly available but could be obtained from the corresponding author upon reasonable request and subject to appropriate approvals, including from the GUSTO cohort’s Executive Committee.
Funding/Support:
This research is supported by the Singapore National Research Foundation under its Translational and Clinical Research (TCR) Flagship Programme and administered by the Singapore Ministry of Health’s National Medical Research Council (NMRC), Singapore - NMRC/TCR/004-NUS/2008; NMRC/TCR/004-NUS/2008. The Singapore Lipidomics Incubator receives funding from the Life Sciences Institute, the National University of Singapore Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, and the National Research Foundation (grant number NRFI2015-05). This research is also supported by a Clinician Scientist Award to SYC from the Singapore National Medical Research Council (NMRC/CSA-INV/0010/2016; MOH-CSAINV19nov-0002). KMG is supported by the UK Medical Research Council (MC_UU_12011/4), the National Institute for Health Research (NIHR Senior Investigator (NF-SI-0515-10042) and the NIHR Southampton Biomedical Research Centre) and the European Union (Erasmus+ Programme ImpENSA 598488-EPP-1-2018-1-DE-EPPKA2-CBHE-JP). Additional funding is provided by the Singapore Institute for Clinical Sciences (SICS), Agency for Science Technology and Research (A*STAR).
Competing interest
SYC, YSC, YSL and KMG have received reimbursement for speaking at conferences sponsored by companies selling nutritional products. YSC, KMG, NK, and SYC are part of an academic consortium that has received research funding from Abbott Nutrition, Nestle S.A, Danone and Benevolent AI for work unrelated to this manuscript. The other authors have no financial or personal conflict of interest to declare.