1. Ferlay J, Soerjomataram I, Dikshit R, Eser S, Mathers C, Rebelo M, et al. Cancer incidence and mortality worldwide: sources, methods and major patterns in GLOBOCAN 2012. Int J Cancer. 2015;136(5):E359-86.
2. GLOBOCAN 2012: Estimated Cancer Incidence, Mortality and Prevalence Worldwide in 2012 [Internet] 2012;Available from: http://globocan.iarc.fr/Pages/Map.aspx#.
3. Estimativa 2018: Incidência de Câncer no Brasil. [Internet] 2018 [cited 2017];Available from: http://www.inca.gov.br/estimativa/2016/.
4. Smyth EC, Lagergren J, Fitzgerald RC, Lordick F, Shah MA, Lagergren P, et al. Oesophageal cancer. Nat Rev Dis Primers. 2017;3:17048.
5. Islami F, Boffetta P, Ren JS, Pedoeim L, Khatib D, Kamangar F. High-temperature beverages and foods and esophageal cancer risk--a systematic review. Int J Cancer. 2009;125(3):491-524.
6. Bosetti C, La Vecchia C, Talamini R, Simonato L, Zambon P, Negri E, et al. Food groups and risk of squamous cell esophageal cancer in northern Italy. Int J Cancer. 2000;87(2):289-94.
7. Prabhu A, Obi KO, Rubenstein JH. The synergistic effects of alcohol and tobacco consumption on the risk of esophageal squamous cell carcinoma: a meta-analysis. Am J Gastroenterol. 2014;109(6):822-7.
8. Henry MA, Lerco MM, Oliveira WK. [Esophageal cancer in patient with chagasic megaesophagus]. Arq Gastroenterol. 2007;44(2):151-5.
9. Syrjanen K, Pyrhonen S, Aukee S, Koskela E. Squamous cell papilloma of the esophagus: a tumour probably caused by human papilloma virus (HPV). Diagn Histopathol. 1982;5(4):291-6.
10. Syrjanen KJ. HPV infections and oesophageal cancer. J Clin Pathol. 2002;55(10):721-8.
11. Rassi A, Jr., Rassi A, Marin-Neto JA. Chagas disease. Lancet. 2010;375(9723):1388-402.
12. Souza DH, Vaz Mda G, Fonseca CR, Luquetti A, Rezende Filho J, Oliveira EC. Current epidemiological profile of Chagasic megaesophagus in Central Brazil. Rev Soc Bras Med Trop. 2013;46(3):316-21.
13. Bern C, Montgomery SP. An estimate of the burden of Chagas disease in the United States. Clin Infect Dis. 2009;49(5):e52-4.
14. Nagajyothi F, Machado FS, Burleigh BA, Jelicks LA, Scherer PE, Mukherjee S, et al. Mechanisms of Trypanosoma cruzi persistence in Chagas disease. Cell Microbiol. 2012;14(5):634-43.
15. Basile L, Jansa JM, Carlier Y, Salamanca DD, Angheben A, Bartoloni A, et al. Chagas disease in European countries: the challenge of a surveillance system. Euro Surveill. 2011;16(37).
16. Bonney KM. Chagas disease in the 21st century: a public health success or an emerging threat? Parasite. 2014;21:11.
17. Pandolfino JE, Gawron AJ. Achalasia: a systematic review. JAMA. 2015;313(18):1841-52.
18. Iantorno G, Bassotti G, Kogan Z, Lumi CM, Cabanne AM, Fisogni S, et al. The enteric nervous system in chagasic and idiopathic megacolon. Am J Surg Pathol. 2007;31(3):460-8.
19. Pajecki D, Zilberstein B, dos Santos MA, Quintanilha AG, Cecconello I, Gama-Rodrigues J. [Megaesophagus microbiota and carcinogenesis]. Arq Gastroenterol. 2003;40(1):16-9.
20. Pajecki D, Zilberstein B, dos Santos MA, Ubriaco JA, Quintanilha AG, Cecconello I, et al. Megaesophagus microbiota: a qualitative and quantitative analysis. J Gastrointest Surg. 2002;6(5):723-9.
21. Loviscek LF, Cenoz MC, Badaloni AE, Agarinakazato O. Early cancer in achalasia. Dis Esophagus. 1998;11(4):239-47.
22. Brucher BL, Stein HJ, Bartels H, Feussner H, Siewert JR. Achalasia and esophageal cancer: incidence, prevalence, and prognosis. World J Surg. 2001;25(6):745-9.
23. Doorbar J. The papillomavirus life cycle. J Clin Virol. 2005;32 Suppl 1:S7-15.
24. Doorbar J. Papillomavirus life cycle organization and biomarker selection. Dis Markers. 2007;23(4):297-313.
25. Baseman JG, Koutsky LA. The epidemiology of human papillomavirus infections. J Clin Virol. 2005;32 Suppl 1:S16-24.
26. Scheurer ME, Tortolero-Luna G, Adler-Storthz K. Human papillomavirus infection: biology, epidemiology, and prevention. Int J Gynecol Cancer. 2005;15(5):727-46.
27. Hardefeldt HA, Cox MR, Eslick GD. Association between human papillomavirus (HPV) and oesophageal squamous cell carcinoma: a meta-analysis. Epidemiol Infect. 2014;142(6):1119-37.
28. Petrick JL, Wyss AB, Butler AM, Cummings C, Sun X, Poole C, et al. Prevalence of human papillomavirus among oesophageal squamous cell carcinoma cases: systematic review and meta-analysis. Br J Cancer. 2014;110(9):2369-77.
29. Li X, Gao C, Yang Y, Zhou F, Li M, Jin Q, et al. Systematic review with meta-analysis: the association between human papillomavirus infection and oesophageal cancer. Aliment Pharmacol Ther. 2014;39(3):270-81.
30. Crema E, Lima TS, Junqueira IS, Junior VR, Junior JAT, Silva AA. Prevalence Study of Esophageal HPV Infection in Patients with Megaesophagus and Correlation with in situ and 24-Hour PH Measurement. Bras J Video-Sur. 2010;3(4):181-5.
31. Lacerda CF, A. Cruvinel-Carloni, A. T. T. d. Oliveira, C. Scapulatempo-Neto, R. V. M. López, E. Crema, et al. Mutational profile of TP53 in esophageal squamous cell carcinoma associated with chagasic megaesophagus. Diseases of Esophagus. In press.
32. Pastrez PRA, Mariano VS, da Costa AM, Silva EM, Scapulatempo-Neto C, Guimaraes DP, et al. The Relation of HPV Infection and Expression of p53 and p16 Proteins in Esophageal Squamous Cells Carcinoma. J Cancer. 2017;8(6):1062-70.
33. Gheit T, Billoud G, de Koning MN, Gemignani F, Forslund O, Sylla BS, et al. Development of a sensitive and specific multiplex PCR method combined with DNA microarray primer extension to detect Betapapillomavirus types. J Clin Microbiol. 2007;45(8):2537-44.
34. Doorbar J, Egawa N, Griffin H, Kranjec C, Murakami I. Human papillomavirus molecular biology and disease association. Rev Med Virol. 2015;25 Suppl 1:2-23.
35. Munoz N, Castellsague X, de Gonzalez AB, Gissmann L. Chapter 1: HPV in the etiology of human cancer. Vaccine. 2006;24 Suppl 3:S3/1-10.
36. Schmitt M, Bravo IG, Snijders PJ, Gissmann L, Pawlita M, Waterboer T. Bead-based multiplex genotyping of human papillomaviruses. J Clin Microbiol. 2006;44(2):504-12.
37. Munari FF, Cruvinel-Carloni A, Lacerda CF, de Oliveira ATT, Scapulatempo-Neto C, da Silva SRM, et al. PIK3CA mutations are frequent in esophageal squamous cell carcinoma associated with chagasic megaesophagus and are associated with a worse patient outcome. Infect Agent Cancer. 2018;13:43.
38. Gullo CE, Estofolete CF, Gil CD, Christiano AB, Netinho JG. [Digestive forms of Chagas disease and carcinogenesis: a study of association]. Rev Col Bras Cir. 2012;39(2):146-50.
39. Ludmir EB, Stephens SJ, Palta M, Willett CG, Czito BG. Human papillomavirus tumor infection in esophageal squamous cell carcinoma. J Gastrointest Oncol. 2015;6(3):287-95.
40. Weston AC, Prolla JC. Association between esophageal squamous cell carcinoma and human papillomavirus detected by Hybrid Capture II assay. Dis Esophagus. 2003;16(3):224-8.
41. Souto Damin AP, Guedes Frazzon AP, de Carvalho Damin D, Beck Biehl H, Abruzzi de Oliveira L, Auler R, et al. Detection of human papillomavirus DNA in squamous cell carcinoma of the esophagus by auto-nested PCR. Dis Esophagus. 2006;19(2):64-8.
42. Herbster S, Ferraro CT, Koff NK, Rossini A, Kruel CD, Andreollo NA, et al. HPV infection in Brazilian patients with esophageal squamous cell carcinoma: interpopulational differences, lack of correlation with surrogate markers and clinicopathological parameters. Cancer Lett. 2012;326(1):52-8.
43. Antunes LC, Prolla JC, de Barros Lopes A, da Rocha MP, Fagundes RB. No evidence of HPV DNA in esophageal squamous cell carcinoma in a population of Southern Brazil. World J Gastroenterol. 2013;19(39):6598-603.
44. da Costa AM, Fregnani J, Pastrez PRA, Mariano VS, Neto CS, Guimaraes DP, et al. Prevalence of high risk HPV DNA in esophagus is high in Brazil but not related to esophageal squamous cell carcinoma. Histol Histopathol. 2017:11929.
45. Genital human papillomavirus infections and cancer: memorandum from a WHO meeting. Bull World Health Organ. 1987;65(6):817-27.
46. zur Hausen H. Papillomaviruses in the causation of human cancers - a brief historical account. Virology. 2009;384(2):260-5.
47. Zandberg DP, Bhargava R, Badin S, Cullen KJ. The role of human papillomavirus in nongenital cancers. CA Cancer J Clin. 2013;63(1):57-81.
48. Wang J, Zhao L, Yan H, Che J, Huihui L, Jun W, et al. A Meta-Analysis and Systematic Review on the Association between Human Papillomavirus (Types 16 and 18) Infection and Esophageal Cancer Worldwide. PLoS One. 2016;11(7):e0159140.
49. Westra WH, Taube JM, Poeta ML, Begum S, Sidransky D, Koch WM. Inverse relationship between human papillomavirus-16 infection and disruptive p53 gene mutations in squamous cell carcinoma of the head and neck. Clin Cancer Res. 2008;14(2):366-9.
50. Mori R, Ishiguro H, Kimura M, Mitsui A, Sasaki H, Tomoda K, et al. PIK3CA mutation status in Japanese esophageal squamous cell carcinoma. J Surg Res. 2008;145(2):320-6.
51. Gillison ML, Koch WM, Capone RB, Spafford M, Westra WH, Wu L, et al. Evidence for a causal association between human papillomavirus and a subset of head and neck cancers. J Natl Cancer Inst. 2000;92(9):709-20.
52. Hafkamp HC, Speel EJ, Haesevoets A, Bot FJ, Dinjens WN, Ramaekers FC, et al. A subset of head and neck squamous cell carcinomas exhibits integration of HPV 16/18 DNA and overexpression of p16INK4A and p53 in the absence of mutations in p53 exons 5-8. Int J Cancer. 2003;107(3):394-400.
53. Snijders PJ, Steenbergen RD, Top B, Scott SD, Meijer CJ, Walboomers JM. Analysis of p53 status in tonsillar carcinomas associated with human papillomavirus. J Gen Virol. 1994;75 ( Pt 10):2769-75.
54. Barten M, Ostwald C, Milde-Langosch K, Muller P, Wukasch Y, Loning T. HPV DNA and p53 alterations in oropharyngeal carcinomas. Virchows Arch. 1995;427(2):153-7.
55. Scholes AG, Liloglou T, Snijders PJ, Hart CA, Jones AS, Woolgar JA, et al. p53 mutations in relation to human papillomavirus type 16 infection in squamous cell carcinomas of the head and neck. Int J Cancer. 1997;71(5):796-9.
56. Sisk EA, Soltys SG, Zhu S, Fisher SG, Carey TE, Bradford CR. Human papillomavirus and p53 mutational status as prognostic factors in head and neck carcinoma. Head Neck. 2002;24(9):841-9.