In our study 80 patients with blunt and penetrating trauma injury were enrolled. The injury was accidental as well as non-accidental. The in-hospital mortality was compared in patients with coagulopathy and patients without coagulopathy.
There were 43 males and 37 female patients [Table 1].
Accidental injury was present in 46.3% and 53.8% had non accidental injury [Table 2].
Blunt trauma was found in 32 patients and penetrating trauma was found in 48 patients [Table 3].
Trauma coagulopathy was present in 12.5% patients [Table 4].
In hospital mortality was found in 16.3% patients [Table 5].
The mean age of patients was 27.28±12.18 [Table 6].
The amount of fluid given at presentation was 1200±80ml [Table 7].
The mean injury severity score was 50.2±11.18 [Table 8].
Prothombin time was 13.3±1.8 sec, APTT was 32.3±2.1 and mean INR was 1.2±0.1 [Table 9].
The inhospital mortality was compared in patients with coagulopathy and patients without coagulopathy and p value was significant 0.00 [Table 10].
Data stratification was significant for age p value 0.016 [Table 11].
Data stratification for gender, mode of injury, mechanism of injury, amount of fluid given at presentation and injury severity score was not significant [Table 12, 13, 14, 15 and 16].
Table 1: Gender distribution
|
Frequency
|
Percent
|
Valid
|
Male
|
43
|
53.8
|
Female
|
37
|
46.3
|
Total
|
80
|
100.0
|
Table 2: Mode of injury
|
Frequency
|
Percent
|
Valid
|
Accidental
|
37
|
46.3
|
Non-accidental
|
43
|
53.8
|
Total
|
80
|
100.0
|
Table 3: Mechanism of injury
|
Frequency
|
Percent
|
Valid
|
Blunt
|
32
|
40.0
|
Penetrating
|
48
|
60.0
|
Total
|
80
|
100.0
|
Table 4: Frequency of trauma coagulopathy
|
Frequency
|
Percent
|
Valid
|
Yes
|
10
|
12.5
|
No
|
70
|
87.5
|
Total
|
80
|
100.0
|
Table 5: Frequency of in hospital mortality
|
Frequency
|
Percent
|
Valid
|
Discharge
|
67
|
83.8
|
Expire
|
13
|
16.3
|
Total
|
80
|
100.0
|
Table 6: Age distribution of sampled population
Descriptive Statistics age
|
|
N
|
Minimum
|
Maximum
|
Mean
|
Std. Deviation
|
Age
|
80
|
15
|
60
|
27.28
|
12.181
|
Table 7: Amount of fluid given
Descriptive Statistics amount of fluid
|
|
N
|
Minimum
|
Maximum
|
Mean
|
Std. Deviation
|
Age
|
80
|
500ml
|
1500ml
|
1200ml
|
80.18ml
|
Table 8: Injury severity score
Descriptive Statistics injury severity score
|
|
N
|
Minimum
|
Maximum
|
Mean
|
Std. Deviation
|
Age
|
80
|
16
|
74
|
50.28
|
11.181
|
Table 9: PT, APTT, INR
Descriptive Statistics PT, APTT, INR
|
|
N
|
Minimum
|
Maximum
|
Mean
|
Std. Deviation
|
PT
|
80
|
11
|
21
|
13.3
|
1.81
|
APTT
|
80
|
26
|
40
|
32.3
|
2.1
|
INR
|
80
|
1
|
1.6
|
1.2
|
0.1
|
Table 10: Comparison of in hospital mortality in patients with coagulopathy and without coagulopathy
Cross tabulation inhospital mortality and Trauma coagulopathy
|
|
Trauma coagulopathy
|
Total
|
Yes
|
No
|
Inhospital mortality
|
Discharge
|
Count
|
3
|
64
|
67
|
% within inhospital mortality
|
4.5%
|
95.5%
|
100.0%
|
Expire
|
Count
|
7
|
6
|
13
|
% within inhospital mortality
|
53.8%
|
46.2%
|
100.0%
|
Total
|
Count
|
10
|
70
|
80
|
% within inhospital mortality
|
12.5%
|
87.5%
|
100.0%
|
p-value=0.000 significant
|
Table 11: Data stratification for age
Cross tabulation Age, inhospital mortality and Trauma coagulopathy
|
Trauma coagulopathy
|
Inhospital mortality
|
Total
|
Discharge
|
Expire
|
Yes
|
Age
|
13-40 years
|
Count
|
1
|
7
|
8
|
% within Age
|
12.5%
|
87.5%
|
100.0%
|
41-65 years
|
Count
|
2
|
0
|
2
|
% within Age
|
100.0%
|
0.0%
|
100.0%
|
Total
|
Count
|
3
|
7
|
10
|
% within Age
|
30.0%
|
70.0%
|
100.0%
|
No
|
Age
|
13-40 years
|
Count
|
49
|
6
|
55
|
% within Age
|
89.1%
|
10.9%
|
100.0%
|
41-65 years
|
Count
|
15
|
0
|
15
|
% within Age
|
100.0%
|
0.0%
|
100.0%
|
Total
|
Count
|
64
|
6
|
70
|
% within Age
|
91.4%
|
8.6%
|
100.0%
|
Total
|
Age
|
13-40 years
|
Count
|
50
|
13
|
63
|
% within Age
|
79.4%
|
20.6%
|
100.0%
|
41-65 years
|
Count
|
17
|
0
|
17
|
% within Age
|
100.0%
|
0.0%
|
100.0%
|
Total
|
Count
|
67
|
13
|
80
|
% within Age
|
83.8%
|
16.2%
|
100.0%
|
p-value= 0.016 significant
|
Table 12: Data stratification for gender
Cross tabulation Gender , inhospital mortality and Trauma coagulopathy
|
Trauma coagulopathy
|
Inhospital mortality
|
Total
|
Discharge
|
Expire
|
Yes
|
Gender
|
Male
|
Count
|
2
|
2
|
4
|
% within Gender
|
50.0%
|
50.0%
|
100.0%
|
Female
|
Count
|
1
|
5
|
6
|
% within Gender
|
16.7%
|
83.3%
|
100.0%
|
Total
|
Count
|
3
|
7
|
10
|
% within Gender
|
30.0%
|
70.0%
|
100.0%
|
No
|
Gender
|
Male
|
Count
|
35
|
4
|
39
|
% within Gender
|
89.7%
|
10.3%
|
100.0%
|
Female
|
Count
|
29
|
2
|
31
|
% within Gender
|
93.5%
|
6.5%
|
100.0%
|
Total
|
Count
|
64
|
6
|
70
|
% within Gender
|
91.4%
|
8.6%
|
100.0%
|
Total
|
Gender
|
Male
|
Count
|
37
|
6
|
43
|
% within Gender
|
86.0%
|
14.0%
|
100.0%
|
Female
|
Count
|
30
|
7
|
37
|
% within Gender
|
81.1%
|
18.9%
|
100.0%
|
Total
|
Count
|
67
|
13
|
80
|
% within Gender
|
83.8%
|
16.2%
|
100.0%
|
p-value 0.26 not significant
|
Table 13: Data stratification for mode of injury
Cross tabulation Mode of Injury , inhospital mortality and Trauma coagulopathy
|
Trauma coagulopathy
|
Inhospital mortality
|
Total
|
|
Discharge
|
Expire
|
|
Yes
|
Mode of Injury
|
Accidental
|
Count
|
0
|
2
|
2
|
Percentage
|
0.0%
|
100.0%
|
100.0%
|
Non-accidental
|
Count
|
3
|
5
|
8
|
Percentage
|
37.5%
|
62.5%
|
100.0%
|
Total
|
Count
|
3
|
7
|
10
|
Percentage
|
30.0%
|
70.0%
|
100.0%
|
No
|
Mode of Injury
|
Accidental
|
Count
|
32
|
3
|
35
|
Percentage
|
91.4%
|
8.6%
|
100.0%
|
Non-accidental
|
Count
|
32
|
3
|
35
|
Percentage
|
91.4%
|
8.6%
|
100.0%
|
Total
|
Count
|
64
|
6
|
70
|
Percentage
|
91.4%
|
8.6%
|
100.0%
|
Total
|
Mode of Injury
|
Accidental
|
Count
|
32
|
5
|
37
|
Percentage
|
86.5%
|
13.5%
|
100.0%
|
Non-accidental
|
Count
|
35
|
8
|
43
|
Percentage
|
81.4%
|
18.6%
|
100.0%
|
Total
|
Count
|
67
|
13
|
80
|
Percentage
|
83.8%
|
16.2%
|
100.0%
|
p-value= 0.301 not significant
|
Table 14: Data stratification for mechanism of injury
Cross tabulation Mechanism of Injury , inhospital mortality and Trauma coagulopathy
|
Trauma coagulopathy
|
Inhospital mortality
|
Total
|
Discharge
|
Expire
|
Yes
|
Mechanism of Injury
|
Blunt
|
Count
|
2
|
4
|
6
|
Percentage
|
33.3%
|
66.7%
|
100.0%
|
Penetrating
|
Count
|
1
|
3
|
4
|
Percentage
|
25.0%
|
75.0%
|
100.0%
|
Total
|
Count
|
3
|
7
|
10
|
Percentage
|
30.0%
|
70.0%
|
100.0%
|
No
|
Mechanism of Injury
|
Blunt
|
Count
|
23
|
3
|
26
|
Percentage
|
88.5%
|
11.5%
|
100.0%
|
Penetrating
|
Count
|
41
|
3
|
44
|
Percentage
|
93.2%
|
6.8%
|
100.0%
|
Total
|
Count
|
64
|
6
|
70
|
Percentage
|
91.4%
|
8.6%
|
100.0%
|
Total
|
Mechanism of Injury
|
Blunt
|
Count
|
25
|
7
|
32
|
Percentage
|
78.1%
|
21.9%
|
100.0%
|
Penetrating
|
Count
|
42
|
6
|
48
|
Percentage
|
87.5%
|
12.5%
|
100.0%
|
Total
|
Count
|
67
|
13
|
80
|
Percentage
|
83.8%
|
16.2%
|
100.0%
|
p-value= 0.778 not significant
|
Table 15: Data stratification for amount of fluid
Cross tabulation Amount of fluid , inhospital mortality and Trauma coagulopathy
|
Trauma coagulopathy
|
Inhospital mortality
|
Total
|
Discharge
|
Expire
|
Yes
|
Amount of fluid
|
Less than 1000ml
|
Count
|
1
|
2
|
3
|
Percentage
|
33.3%
|
66.7%
|
100.0%
|
More than 1000 ml
|
Count
|
2
|
5
|
7
|
Percentage
|
28.6%
|
71.4%
|
100.0%
|
Total
|
Count
|
3
|
7
|
10
|
Percentage
|
30.0%
|
70.0%
|
100.0%
|
No
|
Amount of fluid
|
Less than 1000ml
|
Count
|
42
|
3
|
45
|
Percentage
|
93.3%
|
6.7%
|
100.0%
|
More than 1000 ml
|
Count
|
22
|
3
|
25
|
Percentage
|
88.0%
|
12.0%
|
100.0%
|
Total
|
Count
|
64
|
6
|
70
|
Percentage
|
91.4%
|
8.6%
|
100.0%
|
Total
|
Amount of fluid
|
Less than 1000ml
|
Count
|
43
|
5
|
48
|
Percentage
|
89.6%
|
10.4%
|
100.0%
|
More than 1000 ml
|
Count
|
24
|
8
|
32
|
Percentage
|
75.0%
|
25.0%
|
100.0%
|
Total
|
Count
|
67
|
13
|
80
|
Percentage
|
83.8%
|
16.2%
|
100.0%
|
p-value= 0.880 not significant
|
Table 16: Data stratification for injury severity score
Cross tabulation Injury severity score , inhospital mortality and Trauma coagulopathy
|
Trauma coagulopathy
|
Inhospital mortality
|
Total
|
Discharge
|
Expire
|
Yes
|
Injury severity score
|
serious 16-24
|
Count
|
2
|
2
|
4
|
Percentage
|
50.0%
|
50.0%
|
100.0%
|
severe 25-49
|
Count
|
1
|
4
|
5
|
Percentage
|
20.0%
|
80.0%
|
100.0%
|
critical 50-74
|
Count
|
0
|
1
|
1
|
Percentage
|
0.0%
|
100.0%
|
100.0%
|
Total
|
Count
|
3
|
7
|
10
|
Percentage
|
30.0%
|
70.0%
|
100.0%
|
No
|
Injury severity score
|
serious 16-24
|
Count
|
28
|
0
|
28
|
Percentage
|
100.0%
|
0.0%
|
100.0%
|
severe 25-49
|
Count
|
23
|
3
|
26
|
Percentage
|
88.5%
|
11.5%
|
100.0%
|
critical 50-74
|
Count
|
13
|
3
|
16
|
Percentage
|
81.2%
|
18.8%
|
100.0%
|
Total
|
Count
|
64
|
6
|
70
|
Percentage
|
91.4%
|
8.6%
|
100.0%
|
Total
|
Injury severity score
|
serious 16-24
|
Count
|
30
|
2
|
32
|
Percentage
|
93.8%
|
6.2%
|
100.0%
|
severe 25-49
|
Count
|
24
|
7
|
31
|
Percentage
|
77.4%
|
22.6%
|
100.0%
|
critical 50-74
|
Count
|
13
|
4
|
17
|
Percentage
|
76.5%
|
23.5%
|
100.0%
|
Total
|
Count
|
67
|
13
|
80
|
Percentage
|
83.8%
|
16.2%
|
100.0%
|
p-value= 0.490 not significant
|