Table 1: Description of variables
Child sex
|
Recorded as; 0 male and 1 female
|
Child age groups
|
Recoded as: 0 neonates(1day-11months), 1 infants(11-24months) and 2 toddlers (24-59months)
|
Mothers' education
|
Recoded as; 0 no education, 1 primary, tertiary educated
|
Wealth index
|
Recoded into 3 categories as; 0 Poor (poorer & poorest), 1 Middle, 2 Rich (richer & richest)
|
Urban-rural residence
|
Recoded 0 for rural and 1 for an urban location
|
Table 2: Sample distribution and prevalence of malnutrition and food insecurity among children aged 0-59 months by Residence, Socioeconomic status, Mothers’ Education, Child age for Zimbabwe 2010/11 & 2015.
|
Characteristics
|
Prevalence of malnutrition %
|
% Difference
|
Prevalence of food insecurity %
|
% Difference
|
2010/11
|
2015
|
|
2010/11
|
2015
|
|
Child Sex
|
Male
|
54.42
|
49.01
|
-5.41
|
49.70
|
48.44
|
-1.26
|
Female
|
45.58
|
50.99
|
5.41
|
50.30
|
51.56
|
1.26
|
Household Wealth Index
|
Poor
|
46.56
|
56.16
|
9.6
|
51.75
|
53.75
|
2
|
Middle
|
20.19
|
20.33
|
0.14
|
19.03
|
18.41
|
-0.62
|
Rich
|
33.26
|
23.51
|
-9.75
|
29.22
|
27.84
|
-1.38
|
Mothers’ Education
|
No Education
|
1.47
|
1.34
|
-0.13
|
1.32
|
1.53
|
0.21
|
Primary
|
27.17
|
32.87
|
5.7
|
36.82
|
36.43
|
-0.39
|
Secondary
|
70.22
|
61.59
|
-8.63
|
59.62
|
58.96
|
-0.66
|
Tertiary
|
1.14
|
4.21
|
3.07
|
2.24
|
3.08
|
0.84
|
Child Age
|
Neonates
|
42.88
|
36.50
|
-6.38
|
49.48
|
45.01
|
-4.47
|
Infants
|
33.23
|
36.71
|
3.48
|
25.77
|
27.55
|
1.78
|
Children
|
23.89
|
26.79
|
2.9
|
24.75
|
27.44
|
2.69
|
Residence
|
Urban
|
27.70
|
17.47
|
-10.23
|
21.06
|
20.56
|
-0.5
|
Rural
|
72.30
|
82.53
|
10.23
|
78.94
|
79.44
|
0.5
|
Note: Sample size and overall prevalence: for 2010/11; 2,714 children; overall malnutrition prevalence [3.73%]; overall food insecurity prevalence [78.29%]: Sample size and overall prevalence: for 2015; 2,835 children; overall malnutrition prevalence [4.76%]; overall food insecurity prevalence [73.95%]
Table 3: Concentration indices of nutrition status and food security status.
|
2010/11
Concentration index
|
2015
Concentration index
|
Absolute difference
|
*** {p<0.01; p<0.02; p<0.05}
|
Nutrition status
|
-0.0616
|
-0.1768***
|
0.1152
|
Food security status
|
0.2137***
|
0.2063***
|
-0.0074
|
Note: Sample size for 2010/11 is 2,714 children, Sample size for 2015 is 2,835 children
Table 4: Population share and household income share of subgroups for food security distinguished by residence; 2010/11 & 2015
Region
|
2010/11
|
2015
|
Population
share
|
Mean
|
Relative
mean
|
Income
share
|
Population
share
|
Mean
|
Relative
mean
|
Income
share
|
Urban
|
0.2415
|
0.30
|
1.47
|
0.3555
|
0.3198
|
0.37
|
1.45
|
0.4629
|
Rural
|
0.7585
|
0.16
|
0.85
|
0.6445
|
0.6802
|
0.20
|
0.79
|
0.5371
|
Table 5: Population share and household income share of subgroups for nutrition status distinguished by residence; 2010/11 & 2015
Region
|
2010/11
|
2015
|
Population
share
|
Mean
|
Relative
mean
|
Income
share
|
Population
share
|
Mean
|
Relative
mean
|
Income
share
|
Urban
|
0.2415
|
0.31
|
1.00
|
0.2407
|
0.3198
|
0.03
|
0.66
|
0.2114
|
Rural
|
0.7585
|
0.04
|
1.00
|
0.7593
|
0.6802
|
0.05
|
1.16
|
0.7886
|
Table 6: Theil index for subgroups for food security status and nutritional status distinguished by residence
|
Food security status
|
Nutritional status
|
Region
|
2010/11
|
2015
|
|
2010/11
|
2015
|
|
Theil index [GE (2)]
|
Theil index [GE (2)]
|
Absolute difference
|
Theil index [GE (2)]
|
Theil index [GE (2)]
|
Absolute difference
|
Urban
|
1.1465
|
0.8364
|
-0.3101
|
12.0385
|
16.1539
|
4.1154
|
Rural
|
2.3524
|
1.9495
|
-0.4029
|
11.9878
|
9.0000
|
-2.9878
|
Table 7: Decomposition of the Theil index by residence for food security status and nutritional status
Region
|
Food security status
|
Nutritional status
|
2010/11
|
2015
|
2010/11
|
2015
|
Theil index [GE (2)]
|
Contribution
|
Theil index [GE (2)]
|
Contribution
|
Theil index [GE (2)]
|
Contribution
|
Theil index [GE (2)]
|
Contribution
|
Overall
|
1.9237
|
100%
|
1.4343
|
100%
|
12.0000
|
100%
|
10.5081
|
100%
|
Within-Group
|
1.8882
|
98.4%
|
1.3872
|
97.5%
|
12.0000
|
96.4%
|
10.4811
|
92.7%
|
Between Group
|
0.0355
|
1.6%
|
0.0471
|
2.5%
|
0.0000
|
3.6%
|
0.0270
|
7.3%
|
Table 8: Population share and household income share of subgroups for food security distinguished by socio-economic status; 2010/11 & 2015
Socio- economic class
|
2010/11
|
2015
|
Population
share
|
Mean
|
Relative
mean
|
Income
share
|
Population
share
|
Mean
|
Relative
mean
|
Income
share
|
Poor
|
0.4833
|
0.14
|
0.67
|
0.3214
|
0.4361
|
0.18
|
0.69
|
0.3029
|
Middle
|
0.1922
|
0.26
|
1.26
|
0.2424
|
0.1617
|
0.23
|
0.88
|
0.1429
|
Rich
|
0.3244
|
0.28
|
1.34
|
0.4363
|
0.4021
|
0.36
|
1.34
|
0.5543
|
Table 9: Population share and household income share of subgroups for nutrition status distinguished by residence; 2010/11 & 2015
Socio- economic class
|
2010/11
|
2015
|
Population
share
|
Mean
|
Relative
mean
|
Income
share
|
Population
share
|
Mean
|
Relative
mean
|
Income
share
|
Poor
|
0.4833
|
0.04
|
1.05
|
0.5093
|
0.4361
|
0.06
|
0.55
|
0.5447
|
Middle
|
0.1922
|
0.03
|
0.82
|
0.1574
|
0.1617
|
0.05
|
0.18
|
0.1789
|
Rich
|
0.3244
|
0.04
|
1.03
|
0.3333
|
0.4021
|
0.03
|
0.28
|
0.2764
|
Table 10: Theil index for subgroups for food security status and nutritional status distinguished by socio-economic status
Socio- economic class
|
Food security status
|
Nutritional status
|
2010/11
|
2015
|
|
2010/11
|
2015
|
|
Theil index [GE (2)]
|
Theil index [GE (2)]
|
Absolute difference
|
Theil index [GE (2)]
|
Theil index [GE (2)]
|
Absolute difference
|
Poor
|
3.1453
|
2.2854
|
-0.8599
|
11.3636
|
8.3134
|
-3.0502
|
Middle
|
1.4222
|
1.6900
|
0.2678
|
14.7647
|
9.4546
|
-5.3101
|
Rich
|
1.3025
|
0.9034
|
-0.3991
|
11.6667
|
15.5147
|
3.8480
|
Table 11: Decomposition of the Theil index by residence for food security status and nutritional status
Region
|
Food security status
|
Nutritional status
|
2010/11
|
2015
|
2010/11
|
2015
|
Theil index [GE (2)]
|
Contribution
|
Theil index [GE (2)]
|
Contribution
|
Theil index [GE (2)]
|
Contribution
|
Theil index [GE (2)]
|
Contribution
|
Overall
|
1.9237
|
100%
|
1.4343
|
100%
|
12.0000
|
100%
|
10.5081
|
100%
|
Within-Group
|
1.8708
|
97.2%
|
1.3840
|
95.7%
|
11.9960
|
94.3
|
10.4741
|
96.4%
|
Between Group
|
0.0530
|
2.8%
|
0.0502
|
4.3%
|
0.0040
|
5.7%
|
0.0341
|
3.6%
|