1 Lu, R. et al. Genomic characterisation and epidemiology of 2019 novel coronavirus: implications for virus origins and receptor binding. Lancet 395, 565-574, doi:10.1016/S0140-6736(20)30251-8 (2020).
2 Phan, L. T. et al. Importation and Human-to-Human Transmission of a Novel Coronavirus in Vietnam. The New England journal of medicine 382, 872-874, doi:10.1056/NEJMc2001272 (2020).
3 Chan, J. F. et al. A familial cluster of pneumonia associated with the 2019 novel coronavirus indicating person-to-person transmission: a study of a family cluster. Lancet 395, 514-523, doi:10.1016/S0140-6736(20)30154-9 (2020).
4 Novel Coronavirus (COVID-19) Situation., <https://experience.arcgis.com/experience/685d0ace521648f8a5beeeee1b9125cd> (
5 National Health Commission of the People's Republic of China. Chinese management guideline for COVID-19 (version 7.0). <http://www.gov.cn/zhengce/zhengceku/2020-03/04/content_5486705.htm> (
6 Huang, C. et al. Clinical features of patients infected with 2019 novel coronavirus in Wuhan, China. Lancet 395, 497-506, doi:10.1016/S0140-6736(20)30183-5 (2020).
7 Wang, D. et al. Clinical Characteristics of 138 Hospitalized Patients With 2019 Novel Coronavirus-Infected Pneumonia in Wuhan, China. Jama, doi:10.1001/jama.2020.1585 (2020).
8 Chen, N. et al. Epidemiological and clinical characteristics of 99 cases of 2019 novel coronavirus pneumonia in Wuhan, China: a descriptive study. Lancet 395, 507-513, doi:10.1016/S0140-6736(20)30211-7 (2020).
9 Liu, W. et al. Analysis of factors associated with disease outcomes in hospitalized patients with 2019 novel coronavirus disease. Chinese medical journal, doi:10.1097/CM9.0000000000000775 (2020).
10 Tian, S. et al. Characteristics of COVID-19 infection in Beijing. The Journal of infection, doi:10.1016/j.jinf.2020.02.018 (2020).
11 Chen, J. et al. Clinical progression of patients with COVID-19 in Shanghai, China. The Journal of infection, doi:10.1016/j.jinf.2020.03.004 (2020).
12 Zhou, F. et al. Clinical course and risk factors for mortality of adult inpatients with COVID-19 in Wuhan, China: a retrospective cohort study. Lancet, doi:10.1016/S0140-6736(20)30566-3 (2020).
13 Fan., H. et al. Retrospective Analysis of Clinical Features in 101 Death Cases with COVID-19. medRxiv preprint, doi: https://doi.org/10.1101/2020.03.09.20033068.
14 Yang, X. et al. Clinical course and outcomes of critically ill patients with SARS-CoV-2 pneumonia in Wuhan, China: a single-centered, retrospective, observational study. The Lancet. Respiratory medicine, doi:10.1016/S2213-2600(20)30079-5 (2020).
15 Leung, G. M. et al. The epidemiology of severe acute respiratory syndrome in the 2003 Hong Kong epidemic: an analysis of all 1755 patients. Annals of internal medicine 141, 662-673, doi:10.7326/0003-4819-141-9-200411020-00006 (2004).
16 Lee, N. et al. A major outbreak of severe acute respiratory syndrome in Hong Kong. The New England journal of medicine 348, 1986-1994, doi:10.1056/NEJMoa030685 (2003).
17 Booth, C. M. et al. Clinical features and short-term outcomes of 144 patients with SARS in the greater Toronto area. Jama 289, 2801-2809, doi:10.1001/jama.289.21.JOC30885 (2003).
18 Cilloniz, C. et al. Impact of age and comorbidity on cause and outcome in community-acquired pneumonia. Chest 144, 999-1007, doi:10.1378/chest.13-0062 (2013).
19 Opal, S. M., Girard, T. D. & Ely, E. W. The immunopathogenesis of sepsis in elderly patients. Clinical infectious diseases : an official publication of the Infectious Diseases Society of America 41 Suppl 7, S504-512, doi:10.1086/432007 (2005).
20 Li, Y., Song, J., Xie, Z., Liu, M. & Sun, K. Long noncoding RNA colorectal neoplasia differentially expressed alleviates sepsis-induced liver injury via regulating miR-126-5p. IUBMB life 72, 440-451, doi:10.1002/iub.2230 (2020).
21 Li, B. et al. Prevalence and impact of cardiovascular metabolic diseases on COVID-19 in China. Clinical research in cardiology : official journal of the German Cardiac Society, doi:10.1007/s00392-020-01626-9 (2020).
22 Gallagher, P. E., Ferrario, C. M. & Tallant, E. A. Regulation of ACE2 in cardiac myocytes and fibroblasts. American journal of physiology. Heart and circulatory physiology 295, H2373-2379, doi:10.1152/ajpheart.00426.2008 (2008).
23 Mendoza-Torres, E. et al. ACE2 and vasoactive peptides: novel players in cardiovascular/renal remodeling and hypertension. Therapeutic advances in cardiovascular disease 9, 217-237, doi:10.1177/1753944715597623 (2015).
24 Anguiano, L., Riera, M., Pascual, J. & Soler, M. J. Circulating ACE2 in Cardiovascular and Kidney Diseases. Current medicinal chemistry 24, 3231-3241, doi:10.2174/0929867324666170414162841 (2017).
25 Epelman, S. et al. Soluble angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 in human heart failure: relation with myocardial function and clinical outcomes. Journal of cardiac failure 15, 565-571, doi:10.1016/j.cardfail.2009.01.014 (2009).
26 Wong, C. K. et al. Plasma inflammatory cytokines and chemokines in severe acute respiratory syndrome. Clinical and experimental immunology 136, 95-103, doi:10.1111/j.1365-2249.2004.02415.x (2004).
27 Panesar, N. S. What caused lymphopenia in SARS and how reliable is the lymphokine status in glucocorticoid-treated patients? Medical hypotheses 71, 298-301, doi:10.1016/j.mehy.2008.03.019 (2008).
28 Tai, D. Y. et al. Clinical features and predictors for mortality in a designated national SARS ICU in Singapore. Annals of the Academy of Medicine, Singapore 32, S34-36 (2003).
29 Cao, B. et al. A Trial of Lopinavir-Ritonavir in Adults Hospitalized with Severe Covid-19. The New England journal of medicine, doi:10.1056/NEJMoa2001282 (2020).
30 Torres, A. et al. Effect of corticosteroids on treatment failure among hospitalized patients with severe community-acquired pneumonia and high inflammatory response: a randomized clinical trial. Jama 313, 677-686, doi:10.1001/jama.2015.88 (2015).
31 Kil, H. R. et al. Early corticosteroid treatment for severe pneumonia caused by 2009 H1N1 influenza virus. Critical care 15, 413, doi:10.1186/cc10082 (2011).