Arif, Cryder (56) 2017 | US | Integration in Health communications course | Part of compulsory course | 3 | Pharmacy only | Cross-cultural communication | Lectures and workshops Patient video vignettes | 5 hours: 3 hours of lecture and 2 workshop hours | 159 |
Arif, Wang (57) 2019 | US | standalone course | Elective course | 2,3 | Pharmacy only | Influence of culture on disease states | Lectures, workshops, simulations, and community work | 6 weeks; 1 hour lectures followed by half-hour workshops | 31 |
Aspden, Sheridan (58) 2016 | New Zealand | Intervention/ event | Compulsory | 2 | Pharmacy only | Perceptions of people living in poverty | Simulation exercise | 3-hour exercise | 79 |
Aspden, Heinrich (55) 2017 | New Zealand | Conceptualisation | NA | All | Pharmacy only | Cultural competence in general | NA | NA | NA |
Bailey, Kaarto (43) 2021 | US | Standalone course | Elective course | 1,2,3 | Pharmacy only | Communicating with deaf and hard of hearing patients | Lectures and practice sessions | 4 classes (90 minutes) and additional practice sessions | 39 |
Boylan, Murzello (25) 2020 | US | Integrated in non-prescription medication course | Compulsory for students enrolled in the course | 1 | Pharmacy only | Use of complementary and alternative medicine | Preparing 10 minute presentations by students | Students prepared presentation over 6 weeks | 80 |
Butler, Chen (48) 2020 | US | Activities integrated in different courses | Varied | 1,2,3 | Pharmacy only | Cultural competence in general | Classroom activities | one class per year | 1,009 |
Cailor and Chen (34) 2015 | US | Integrated in 3 courses: Self-Care, Introduction to Pharmacy Practice, and Pharmacy Practice Lab (skills lab) | Compulsory | 1 | Pharmacy only | Cultural competence in general | Practical activities and discussion | One semester | 53 |
Chen, Cailor (35) Addition to Cailor and Chen (34) 2020 | US | Integrated in capstone course, practice experience and disease modules | Compulsory | All | Pharmacy only | Cultural competence in general | Practical activities and discussion | Year 1: 9 hours Year 2 and 3: more than 6 hours/year + 2 hours in capstone course Year 4: in practice experience | 189 |
Chen, Armbruster (44) 2021 | US and Canada | Survey on culture competency implementation | Varied | All | Pharmacy only | Cultural competence in general | NA | NA | NA |
Clarke, Sedlacek (26) 2016 | US | Activity as part of IPPE | Compulsory | 2 | Pharmacy only | Perceptions of people living in poverty | Simulation exercise | 3 hours | 108 |
Cooper, Vellurattil (59) 2014 | US | Integrated in IPPE | Compulsory | 4 | Pharmacy only | Cultural competence in general | Lectures | 6 hours | 194 |
Crawford, Awé (37) 2016 | US | Integrated in different courses | Compulsory | All | Pharmacy only | Culture awareness and culture sensitivity | Lectures, discussions, and workshops | Lectures were dispersed throughout curriculum | 656 |
Diaz-Cruz and Hagan (49) 2020 | US | Integrated in the orientation programme | Elective course | 1 | Pharmacy only | Cultural Proficiency Continuum Framework | Lecture and group discussion | 90 minutes | 100 |
Durand, Abel (60) 2012 | US | standalone course | Elective course | not mentioned | Pharmacy only | Cultural competence in general | Lectures and Hands-on experiences | 3hours/week for 10 weeks | 12 |
Dushenkov, Rozaklis (27) 2020 | US | Integrated in the capstone course | Compulsory | 4 | Pharmacy only | Cultural competence in general | Workshop | Workshop including lecture and videos | 164 |
Echeverri and Dise (61) 2017 | US | Assess student cultural competence profiles | NA | 1,2 | Pharmacy and medicine | Cultural competence in general | Lectures, group sessions, independent research, practical experiences, and online training | Year 1: 2x1-hour lectures, small group session, semester long experience year 2: 3-hour group session, 4 hours online training, participation in activities | 539 (285 pharmacy) |
Gibson and White (47) 2019 | US | Integrated in Pharmacotherapy course | elective activity | 4 | Pharmacy only | Culture sensitivity to special populations | Panel discussion | 1 hour in 2016 2 hours in 2017 | 69 in 2016 78 in 2017 |
Haack and Phillips (62) 2012 | US | Integrated in Pharmacy Skills and Application course series | Compulsory | All | Pharmacy only | Cultural competence in general | Lectures and laboratory activities | dispersed throughout the programme | 206 |
Hasan, Tarazi (38) 2017 | UAE | Integrated in communication skills and counselling course | not mentioned | 3 | Pharmacy only | Language training | Lecture, role play, pre-tutorial homework | 13 weeks | 72 |
Hawala-Druy and Hill (28) 2012 | US | standalone course | Elective course | not mentioned | Pharmacy, Nursing and Allied Health Sciences | Cultural competence in general | Lectures, outside activity, and practical experience | 3 hours/week for 14 weeks | 106 (42 pharmacy) |
Heffernan, Segaran (50) 2013 | US (Hawaii) | Standalone field trip | elective activity | All | Pharmacy only | cultural implications of Hansen disease in Hawaii | Independent research, field trip, and group discussions | One day trip | 18 |
Johnson and Traynor (29) 2018 | US | Explore required learning competencies to work in underserved populations | NA | NA | Pharmacy only | Working with underserved patients | NA | NA | NA |
Knockel, Ray (20) 2019 | US | Integrated in Applications of Pharmacy Practice I course | Compulsory | 2 | Pharmacy only | LGBTQ health | Lecture | One hour | 107 |
Leach, Seung (41) 2019 | US | Integrated in Endocrine, Women's Health, and Genitourinary | Compulsory | 2 | Pharmacy only | Transgender healthcare | Lecture | One hour | 60 |
Liu, Poirier (39) 2015 | US | CC and IPE sessions as part of required course that focused on cultural competency and health literacy | Compulsory | 2 | Pharmacy and nursing | Cultural competence and interprofessional work | Team-based discussions of videos and case studies | 2 sessions | 160 (80 pharmacy) |
Lucas, Aly (23) 2021 | Australia | Insights about developing curriculum on cultural safety | NA | NA | Multiple health disciplines | Indigenous curriculum | NA | NA | NA |
McKennon, Schauerhamer (45) 2018 | US | Standalone course on Herbal Medicines and Natural Product Drugs | Compulsory | 3 | Pharmacy only | Herbal medicine and natural drugs | Lectures Assignments Case studies | One semester | 59 |
Min, Albon (24) 2020 | Canada | Standalone course in indigenous health | Elective | 3,4 | Pharmacy only | Indigenous health | Lectures Video conference Practical experiences Case studies | One term | 101 |
Minshew, Lee (46) 2021 | US | Create a cultural competence framework | NA | NA | Pharmacy only | Cultural intelligence | NA | NA | NA |
Mueller (22) 2017 | US | Standalone course on medical Spanish | Elective | 3 | Pharmacy only | Medical Spanish | Lectures Simulated patient activities Guest presentation | One semester | 4 in 2014 3 in 2015 |
Nebergall, Dula (42) 2021 | US | Embedded in Integrated Patient Care Laboratory | Compulsory | 1,2,3 | Pharmacy only | Underserved populations | Lectures Skills laboratory Practical experience | 40 hours lectures and skills labs throughout semester One-week practical experience | 119 |
Newsome, Chen (63) 2018 | US | Integrated in Therapeutics of Special Populations course | Compulsory | 3 | Pharmacy only | Transgender healthcare | Active learning Patient cases Panel discussion | 3 hours | 152 |
Okoro, Odedina (32) 2015 | US | Integrated in Professional Communications in Pharmacy Practice course | Compulsory | 2 | Pharmacy only | Cultural competence in general | Lectures | 2 lectures (1.5 hours in total) | 2010 (n = 294) 2011 (n = 279) 2012 (n = 287) |
Ostroff, Ostroff (31) 2018 | US | Integrated in special populations course | Compulsory | 3 | Pharmacy only | Transgender healthcare | Lecture Assignments Video screening | 2 hours | 72 |
Parkhill, Mathews (40) 2014 | US | Integrated in the Introduction to Diversity Course | Compulsory | 1 | Pharmacy only | Transgender healthcare | Panel discussion | 2 hours | Not mentioned |
Prescott and Nobel (51) 2019 | US | Integrated in Pharmaceutical care I course | Compulsory | 1 | Pharmacy only | Cultural competence in general | Lecture and practical session: discussion, video, counselling | 110-minute lecture and 4-hour practicum | 136 |
Rovers, Becker (21) 2020 | US-trip to Dominican Republic | Included in global health experience | Elective | not mentioned | Multiple health disciplines | Cultural competence in general | International practical experience | One week | 20 (2 pharmacy) |
Schellhase, Miller (64) 2013 | US | Standalone course | Elective | 3 | Pharmacy only | Competencies for international experiences in Kenya | Lectures Case studies Discussions | 15 weeks | 2011 = 26 2012 = 24 |
Scott, Naughton (65) 2019 | US | Included in global health experience | Elective | All | Pharmacy only | Cultural competence in general | Study abroad: seminars, lectures, practical experience, and culture events | 3 weeks | 13 |
Sheu, Lai (66) 2012 | US | Standalone practice experience | Elective | 1 | medical, nursing, and pharmacy students | Health disparities and CC | Student-run clinics: didactic sessions and volunteering | Various | 358 (pharmacy not specified) |
Steeb, Miller (67) 2020 | US | Standalone practice experience | Elective | 4 | Pharmacy only | Global health | international advanced pharmacy practice experience (APPE) | 4–8 weeks | Not mentioned |
Strelow, Bahadır (33) 2021 | Germany | Integrated in a seminar series | Elective | 2,3 | Medicine, pharmacy, and translation | Communities who speak different languages | Lectures, discussions, and practical training days | one joint day and two practical days | 112 (60 pharmacy) |
Thomason, Elmore (68) 2013 | US | Part of practice experiences | Compulsory | 4 | Pharmacy only | Underserved populations | Practice experience | one month or more | 122 |
Werremeyer and Skoy (69) 2012 | US-trip to Guatemala | Standalone practice experience | Elective | 3 | Pharmacy only | Cultural competence in general | Practice experience | 5 weeks | 4 students: 2 in 2010 and 2 in 2011 |
Wietholter, Coetzee (36) 2014 | US- experience in South Africa | Standalone practice experience | Elective | All | Pharmacy only | Cultural competence in general | Practice experience | 4 weeks | 3–4 students per year |
Wilby, Taylor (70) 2015 | Canada and Qatar | Integrated in different courses | Elective | Canada: 2 Qatar: final | Pharmacy only | Cultural competence in general | Discussion via videoconference | 2 hours | 22 in Canada and 22 in Qatar |