Afli, A., Ayari, R., Zaabia, S., 2008. Ecological quality of some Tunisian coast and Lagoon locations, by using benthic community parameters and biotic indices. Estuar. Coast. Shelf. Sci. 80, 269–280.
Ardura, A., Planes, S., Garcia-Vazquez, E., 2015. Aliens in paradise. Boat density and exotic are associated with degraded river habitats. Aquat. Conserv. 18, 891–895.
Awad, A., Haag, F., Anil, A.C., Abdulla, A., 2014. GEF-UNDP-IMO Globallast Partnerships Programme, IOI, CSIR and IUCN Guidelines on Port Biological Baseline Surveys. GEFUNDP-IMO Globallast Partnerships, London, UK. Globallast Monograph No 22, 48 pp.
Bailey, S.A., Brown, L., Campbell, M., Canning-Clode, J., et al., 2020. Trends in the detection of aquatic non-indigenous species across global marine, estuarine and freswater ecosystems: a 50-year perspective. Divers. Distrib. 00:1-18.
Bellan, G., Bellan-Santini, D., Picard, J., 1980. Mise en évidence de modèles éco-biologiques dans des zones soumises à perturbations par matières organiques. Oceanol. Acta 3, 383-390.
Ben Rejeb-Jenhani, A., Fathalli, A., Aouani, J., Romdhane, M.S., 2018. Plankton and sediment in ballast water discharge in the Gulf of Gabès (Tunisia). Vie et Milieu. 68, 65-74.
Ben Souissi, J., Ghannem, R., Ounifi-Ben Amor, K., Soufi-Kechaou, E., Ferrario, J., Occhipinti-Ambrogi, A., Zaouali, J., 2019. Alien invasive fauna spreading via biofouling on marinas in Tunisian waters. XVIII èmes Journées Tunisiennes des Sciences de la Mer. Kelibia, 26-28 Octobre 2019.
Ben Souissi, J., Abidi, A., Ounifi-Ben Amor, K., Chaffai, A., Rifi, M., 2017. Nouvelle invasion de Golfe de Gabès par un crabe bleu d’origine atlantique : Première occurrence de Callinectes sapidus Rathbun, 1896 en Tunisie (Mediterranee centrale). XVII èmes Journées Tunisiennes des Sciences de la Mer. Iles Kerkennah, 18-21 décembre 2017.
Ben Souissi, J., Rifi, M., Ghanem, R., Ghozzi, L., Boughedir, W. et al., 2014. Lagocephalus sceleratus (Gmelin, 1789) expands through the African coasts towards the Western Mediterranean Sea: A call for awareness. Manag. Biol. Inv. 5 (4), 357-362.
Blanchard, A.L., Feder, H.M., Shaw, D.G., 2002. Long-term investigation of benthic fauna and the influence of treated ballast water disposal in Port Valdez, Alaska. Mar. Poll. Bull. 44, 367-382.
Blanchet, H., Lavesque, N., Ruellet, T., Dauvin, J.C., Sauriau, P.G., Desroy, N., Desclaux, C. et al., 2008. Use of biotic indices in semi-enclosed coastal ecosystems and transitional waters habitats-implications for the implementation of the European Water Framework Directive. Ecol. Ind. 8, 360-372.
Borja, A., Franco, J., Perez, V., 2000. A marine Biotic Index to establish the ecological quality of soft-bottom benthos within European estuarine and coastal environments. Mar. Poll. Bull. 40, 1100-1114.
Boudaya, L., Mosbahi, N., Dauvin, J.C., Neifar, L., 2019. Structure of the benthic macrofauna of an anthropogenic influenced area: Skhira Bay (Gulf of Gabès, central Mediterranean Sea). Env. Sci. Poll. Res.26, 13522-13538.
Buruaem, L.M., Hortellani, M.A., Sarkis, J.E., Costa-Lotufo, L.V., Abessa, D.M.S., 2012. Contamination of port zone sediments by metals from large marine ecosystems of Brazil.Mar. Poll. Bull. 64, 479-488.
Clarke, K.R., Gorley, R.N., 2006. PRIMER v6: User Manual/Tutorial. PRIMER-E, Plymouth.
Chan, A.K.Y., Xu, W.Z., Liu, X.S., Cheung, S.G., Shin, P.K.S., 2016. Sediment characteristics and benthic ecological status in marine environments of subtropical Hong Kong. Mar. Poll. Bull. 103, 360-370.
Chartosia, N., Anastasiadis, D., Bazairi, H., Crocetta, F., Deidun, A., Despalatović, M., Di Martino, V., 2018. New Mediterranean Biodiversity Records (July 2018). Med. Mar. Sci., 398-415.
Chatzinikolaou, E., Mandalakis, M., Damianidis, P., Dailianis, T., Gambineri, S., Rossano, C., Scapini, F., Carucci, A., Arvanitidis, C., 2018. Spatio-temporal benthic biodiversity patterns and pollution pressure in three Mediterranean touristic ports. Sci. Total. Envir. 624, 648-660.
Cole, M., Lindeque, P., Halsband, C., Galloway, T.S., 2011. Microplastics as contaminants in the marine environment: a review. Mar. Pollut. Bull. 62 (12), 2588-2597.
Çinar, M.E., Bakir, K., 2014. ALien Biotic IndEX (ALEX) – A new index for assessing impacts of alien species on benthic communities. Mar. Poll. Bull. 87, 171-179.
Çinar, M.E., Katagan, T., Ozturk, B., Dagli, E., Acik, S., Bitlis, B., Bakir, K., Dogan, A., 2012. Spatio-temporal distributions of Zoobenthos in Mersin Bay (Levantine Sea, eastern Mediterranean) and the importance of alien species in benthic communities. Mar. Biol. Res. 8, 954-968.
Çinar, M.E., Bilecenoglu, M., Ozturk, Β., Katagan, Τ., Yokes, Μ et al., 2011. An updated review of alien species on the coasts of Turkey. Medit. Mar. Sci. 12, 257-315.
Darbra, R.M., Ronza, A., Stojanovic, T.A.,Wooldridge, C., Casal, J., 2005. A procedure for identifying significant environmental aspects in sea ports. Mar. Poll. Bull. 50, 866–874.
Dauvin, J.C., Bakalem, A., Baffreau, A., Grimes, S., 2017. Benthic ecological status of Algerian harbours. Mar. Poll. Bull. 125, 378-388.
Dauvin, J.C., Andrade, H., De-La-Ossa-Carretero, J.A., Del Pilar Ruso, Y., Riera, R., 2016. Polychaete/Amphipod ratios: towards validate simple benthic indices. Ecol. Ind. 63, 89-99.
Dauvin, J.C., Alizier, S., Rolet, C., Bakalem, A., Bellan, G., Gomez Gesteira, J.L., Grimes, S., De-La-Ossa-Carretero, J.A., Del-Pilar-Ruso, Y., 2012. Response of the different indices to the diverse human pressures. Ecol. Ind. 12, 143-153.
Dauvin, J.C., 1993. Le benthos: témoin des variations de l’environnement. Océanis 19, 25–53.
Dauvin, J.C., 2018. Twenty years of application of Polychaete/Amphipod ratios to assess diverse human pressures in estuarine and coastal marine environments: A review. Ecol. Ind. 95, 427-435.
David, M., Gollasch, S., 2015. Global Maritime Transport and Ballast Water Management: Issues and Solutions. Springer.
D’Alessandro, M., Porporato, E.M.D., Esposito, V., Giacobbe, S., Deidun, A., Federica, N., Ferrante, L., Auriemma, R ., Berto, D., Renzi, M., Scotti, G., Consoli, P., Del Negro, P., Andaloro, F., Romeo, T., 2018. Common patterns of functional and biotic indices in response to multiple stressors in marine harbours ecosystems. Env. Poll. 259, 113959.
D’Alessandro, M., Esposito, V., Porporato, E.M.D., Berto, D., Renzi, M., Giacobbe, S., Romeo, T., 2018. Relationships between plastic litter and chemical pollutants on benthic biodiversity. Env. Poll. 242, 1546-1556.
Dimitriou, P.D., Chatzinikolaou, E., Arvanitidis, C., 2020. Ecological status assessment based on benthic macrofauna of three Mediterranean ports: Comparisons across seasons, activities and regions. Mar. Poll. Bull. 153, 110997.
Dragičević, B., Anadoli, O., Angel, D., Benabdi, M., Bitar, GH., Castriota, L et al., 2019. New Mediterranean Biodiversity Records (December 2019). Med. Mar. Sci. 20, 645-656.
El Zrelli, R., Rabaoui, L., Ben Alayae, M., Daghbouf, N., Casteta, S., Bessona, Ph., Michelh, S., Béjaoui, N., Courjault-Radéa, P., 2018. Seawater quality assessment and identification of pollution sources along the central coastal area of Gabes Gulf (SE Tunisia): evidence of industrial impact and implications for marine environment protection. Mar. Poll. Bull. 127, 445-452.
Ferrario, J., Carroni, S., Occhipinti-Ambrogi, A., Marchini, A., 2017. Role of commercial harbours and recreational marinas in the spread of non-indigenous fouling species. Biofouling. 30, 651-660.
Ferrario, J. D.,’Hondt, J.L, Marchini, A., Occhipinti-Ambrogi, A., 2015. From the Pacific Ocean to the Mediterranean Sea: Watersipora arcuata, a new non-indigenous bryozoan in Europe. Mar. Biol. Res. 11, 909-919.
Fersi, A., Dauvin, J.C., Pezy, J.P., Neifar, L., 2018. Amphipods from tidal channels of the Gulf of Gabès (central Mediterranean Sea). Med. Mar. Sci. 19, 430-443.
Floerl, O., Inglis, G.J., Dey, K., Smith, A., 2009. The importance of transport hubs in stepping-stone invasions. J. Appl. Ecol. 46, 37-45.
Galil, B.S., Marchini, A., Occhipinti-Ambrogi, A., 2018. East is east and West is west? Management of marine bioinvasions in the Mediterranean Sea. Estuar. Coast. Shelf. Sci. 20, 7-16.
Giovos, I., Kleitou, P., Poursanidis, D., Batjakas, I., Bernardi, G et al., 2019. Citizen-science for monitoring marine invasions and stimulating public engagement: a case project from the eastern Mediterranean. Biol. Inv. 21, 3707-3721.
Grimes, S., 2010. Les peuplements macrobenthiques des substrats meubles algériens: organisation et structure. Thèse de Doctorat d’Etat, Université d’Oran, Algérie.
Guerra García, J.M., García Gómez, J.C., 2005. Oxygen levels versus chemical pollutants: do they have similar influence on macrofaunal assemblages? A case study in a harbour with two opposing entrances. Env. Poll. 135, 281-291.
Hattab, T., Ben Rais Lasram, F., Albouy, C., Sammari, C., Romdhane, M.S., Cury, P., Leprieur, F., Le Loc’h, F., 2013. The use of a predictive habitat model and a fuzzy logic approach for marine management and planning. PLoSONE. 8, 76430.
Hayden, B.J., Inglis, G.J., Schiel, D.R., 2009. Marine invasion in New Zealand: a history of complex supply-side dynamics. In: Rilov, G., Crooks, J.A. (Eds.), Biological Invasions in Marine Ecosystems. Ecological Studies. 204. Springer-Verlag, Berlin and Heidelberg, pp. 409-423.
Ingole, B., Sivadas, S., Nanajkar, M., Sautya, S., Nag, A., 2009. A comparative study of macrobenthic community from harbours along the central west coast of India. Environ. Monit. Assess. 154, 135-146.
Jumars, P.A., Dorgan, K.M., Lindsay, S.M., 2014. Diet of worms emended: an update of Polychaete feeding guilds. Ann. Rev. Mar. Sci. 7, 497-520.
Kapsimalis, V., Panagiotopoulos, I. P., Talagani, P., Hatzianestis, I., Kaberi, H., Rousakis, G., et al. 2014. Organic contamination of surface sediments in the metropolitan coastal zone of Athens, Greece: sources, degree, and ecological risk. Mar. Poll. Bull. 80, 312-324.
Katsanevakis, S., Tempera, F., Texeira, H., 2016. Mapping the impact of alien species on marine ecosystems: the Mediterranean Sea case study. Divers. Distr. 22, 694-707.
Katsanevakis, S., Wallentinus, I., Zenetos, A., Leppäkoski, E., Çinar, M.E., Oztürk, B., Grabowski, M., Golani, D., Cardoso, A.C., 2014. Impacts of marine invasive alien species on ecosystem services and biodiversity: a pan-European review. Aquat. Inv. 9, 391-423.
Lawrence, D.J., Cordell, J.R., 2010. Relative contributions of domestic and foreign sourced ballast water to propagule pressure in Puget Sound, Washington, USA. Biol. Cons. 143, 700-709.
Lehtiniemi, M., Ojaveer, H., David, M., Galil, B., Gollasch, S., McKenzie, C., Minchin, D., Occhipinti-Ambrogi, A., Olenin, S., Pederson, J., 2015. Dose of truth monitoring marine non-indigenous species to serve legislative requirements. Mar. Policy 54, 26–35.
Leonardsson, K., Blomqvist, M., Magnusson, M., Wikstrom, A., Rosenberg, R., 2015. Calculation of species sensitivity values and their precision in marine benthic faunal quality indices. Mar. Pollut. Bull. 93, 94-102.
López-Legentil, S., Legentil, M.L., Erwin, P.M., Turon, X., 2015. Harbor networks as introduction gateways: contrasting distribution patterns of native and introduced ascidians. Biol. Invasions. 17, 1623-1638.
Mandal, S., Harkantra, S.N., 2013. Changes in the soft-bottom macrobenthic diversity and community structure from the ports of Mumbai, India. Envir. Monit. Assess. 185, 653-672.
Minchin, D., Gollasch, S., Cohen, A.N., Hewitt, C.L., Olenin, S., 2009. Characterizing vectors of marine invasion. p. 109-116. In: Biological invasions in marine ecosystems. Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg.
Molnar, J.L., Gamboa, R.L., Revenga, C., Spalding, M.D., 2008. Assessing the global threat of invasive species to marine biodiversity. Front. Ecol. Envir. 6, 485-92.
Mosbahi, N., Serbaji, M.M., Pezy, J.P., Neifar, L., Dauvin, J.C., 2019. Response of benthic macrofauna to multiple anthropogenic pressures in the shallow coastal zone south of Sfax (Tunisia, central Mediterranean Sea). Env. Poll. 253, 474-487.
Mosbahi, N., Dauvin, J. C., Neifar, L., 2017. Polychaete fauna from the intertidal zone of the Kneiss Islands (central Mediterranean Sea). Med. Mar. Sci. 18, 215-228.
Mosbahi, N., Boudaya, L., Neifar, L., Dauvin, J. C., 2020. Do intertidal Zostera noltei meadows represent a favourable habitat for amphipods? The case of the Kneiss Islands (Gulf of Gabès: Central Mediterranean Sea). Mar. Eco.41, 1-16.
Nunes, A.L., Katsanevakis, S., Zenetos, A., Cardoso, A.C., 2014. Gateways to alien invasions in the European seas. Aquat. Inv. 9, 133-44.
Office de la Marine Marchande des ports (OMMP)., 2018. Activité des ports de commerce des ports Tunisiens. Rapport annuel 2018. http://www.ommp.nat.tn/rapport-annuels/
Ounifi-Ben Amor, K., Rifi, Μ., Ghanem, R., Draeif, I., Zaouali, J., Ben Souissi, J., 2016. Update of alien fauna and new records from Tunisian marine waters. Med. Mar. Sci. 17, 124-143.
Pejovic, I., Ardura, A., Miralles, L., Arias, A., Borrell, Y.J., Garcia-Vazquez, E., 2016. DNA barcoding for assessment of exotic molluscs associated with maritime ports in northern Iberia. Mar. Biol. Res. 12, 168-176.
Piazzi, L., Cecchi, E., Gennaro, P., Penna, M., Trabucco, B., Ceccherelli, G., 2020. Spread of non-indigenous macroalgae and disturbance: Impact assessment of the Costa Concordia shipwreck (Giglio Island, Italy) using the ALEX index. Ocean.Coast. Manag. 183, 104999.
Piazzi, L., Gennaro, P., Atzori, F., Cadoni, N., Cinti, M.F., Frau, F., Ceccherelli, G., 2018. ALEX index enables detection of alien macroalgae invasions across habitats within a marine protected area. Mar. Poll. Bull. 128, 318-323.
Pielou, E.C., 1966. Shannon’s Formula as a Measure of Specific Diversity: Its Use and Measure. Amer. Natur. 100, 463-465.
Por, F.D., 1978. Lessepsian Migration-the Influx of Red Sea Biota into the Mediterranean by Way of the Suez Canal, vol. 23. Springer-Verlag, Berlin, pp. 228.
Putro, S.P., 2009. Response of trophic groups of macrobenthic fauna to environmental disturbance caused by fish farming. J. Coast. Deve. 12, 155-166.
Rakocinski, C. F., Brown, S. S., Gaston, G. R., Heard, R. W., Walker, W. W. and Summers, J. K. 2000. Species abundance biomass responses by estuarine macrobenthos to sediment chemical contamination. J. Aquat. Eco. Stre Rec. 7, 201-214.
Reiss, H., Kroncke, I., 2005. Seasonal Variability of Benthic Indices: An approach to test the applicability of different indices for ecosystem quality assessment. Mar. Poll. Bull. 50, 1490-1499.
Riera, R., Monterroso, O., Rodriguez, M., Ramos, E., 2011. Biotic indexes reveal the impact of harbour enlargement on benthic fauna. Chem. Ecol. 27, 311-326.
Romanelli, G., Berto, D., Calace, N., Amici, M., Maltese, S., Formalewicz, M., Campanelli, A., Marini, M., Magaletti, E., Scarpato, A., 2019. Ballast water management system: Assessment of chemical quality status of several ports in Adriatic Sea. Mar. Poll. Bull. 147, 86-97.
Sammari, C., Koutitonsky, V.G., Moussa, M., 2006. Sea level variability and tidal resonance in the Gulf of Gabès, Tunisia. Cont. Shelf Res. 26, 338-350.
Sany, S.B.T., Hashim, R., Salleh, A., Rezayi, M., Safari, O., 2015. Ecological quality assessment based on macrobenthic assemblages indices along West Port, Malaysia coast. Environ. Earth. Sci. 74, 1331-1341.
Seebens, H., Blackburn, T.M., Dyer, E.E et al., 2017. No saturation in the accumulation of alien species worldwide. Natu. Comm. 8, 14435.
Sghaier, Y.R., Zakhama-Sraieb, R., Mouelhi, S., Vazquez, M., Valle-Pérez, C. et al., 2016. Review of alien marine macrophytes in Tunisia. Med. Mar. Sci. 17, 109-123.
Shannon, C.E., Weaver, W., 1963. The Mathematical Theory of Communication. University Illinois Press, Urbana, 117 p.
Simboura, N., Zenetos, A., 2002. Benthic indicators to use in Ecological Quality classification of Mediterranean soft bottom marine ecosystems, including a new Biotic Index. Med. Mar. Sci. 3, 77-111.
Simkanin, C., Davidson, I., Falkner, M., Sytsma, M., Ruiz, G., 2009. Intra-coastal ballast water flux and the potential for secondary spread of non-native species on the US west coast. Mar. Poll. Bull. 58, 366-374.
Spagnolo, A., Auriemma, R., Bacci, T., Balković,I., Bertasi, F., Bolognini, L., Cabrini,M et al., 2019. Non-indigenous macrozoobenthic species on hard substrata of selected harbours in the Adriatic Sea. Mar. Poll. Bull. 147, 150-158.
Spagnolo, A., Cuicchi, C., Punzo, E., Santelli, A., Scarcella, G., Fabi, G., 2014. Patterns of colonization and succession of benthic assemblages in two artificial substrates. J. Sea Res. 88, 78-86.
Stamouli, C., Akel, E.H.Kh., Azzurro, E., Bakiu, R., Bas, A.A. et al., 2017. New Mediterranean Biodiversity Records (December 2017). Med. Mar. Sci. 18, 534–556.
Streftaris, N., Zenetos, A., 2006. Alien marine species in the Mediterranean - the 100 ‘worst invasives’ and their impact. Med. Mar. Sci. 7 (1), 87-118.
Tempesti, J., Langeneck, J., Maltagliati, F., Castelli, A., 2020. Macrobenthic fouling assemblages and NIS success in a Mediterranean port: The role of use destination. Mar. Poll. Bull. 150, 110768.
Tomassetti, P., Gennaro, P., Lattanzi, L., Mercatali, I., Persia, E., Vani, D., Porrello, S., 2016. Benthic community response to sediment organic enrichment by Mediterranean fish farms: case studies. Aquaculture. 450, 262-272.
Travizia, A., Balkovića, I., Bacci, T., Bertasic, F., Cuicchif, C., Flander-Putrled, V., Gratib, F et al., 2019. Macrozoobenthos in the Adriatic Sea ports: Soft-bottom communities with an overview of non-indigenous species. Mar. Poll. Bull. 147, 159-170.
Udekem d'Acoz, C.D'., 1996. The genus Hippolyte Leach, 1814(Crustacea: Decapoda: Caridea: Hippolytidae) in the east Atlantic Ocean and the Mediterranean Sea, with a cecklist of allspecies in the genus. Zool. Verh. 303, 1-133.
Ulman, A., Ferrario, J., Forcada, A., Arvanitidis, C., Occhipinti-Ambrogi, A., Marchini, A., 2019. A Hitchhiker’s guide to Mediterranean marina travel for alien species. J. Env. Manag. 241, 328-339.
Ulman, A., Ferrario, J., Occhipinti-Ambrogi, A., Arvanitidis, C., Bandi, A., Bertolino, M et al., 2017. A massive update of non-indigenous species records in Mediterranean marinas. PeerJ 5, e3954.
Yoshida, M., Hamadi, K., Ghrabi, A., 2002. Solid waste landfills and soil/sediment contamination around Bizerte lagoon: possible pollution sources. Research Promotion Programme SEPMCL INRST-JICA, Initial Report: 55-75.
Zenetos, A., Corsini-Foka, M., Crocetta, F et al., 2018. Deep cleaning of alien and cryptogenic species records in the Greek Seas (2018 update). Manag. Biol. Inv. 9, 209-226.
Zenetos, A., Çinar, M.E., Crocetta, F., Golani, D., Rosso, A., Servello, G., Shenkar, N., Turon, X., Verlaque, M., 2017. Uncertainties and validation of alien species catalogues: The Mediterranean as an example. Estuar. Coast. Shelf. Sci. 191, 171-187.
Zenetos, A., Gofas, S., Morri, C., Rosso, A., Violanti, D. et al., 2012. Alien species in the Mediterranean Sea by 2012. A contribution to the application of European Union’s Marine Strategy Framework Directive (MSFD). Part 2. Introduction trends and pathways. Med. Mar. Sci.13, 328-352.
Zenetos, A., Gofas, S., Verlaque, M., Çinar, M. E., García Raso, E. et al., 2010. Alien species in the Mediterranean by 2010. A contribution to the application of European Union’s Marine Strategy Framework Directive (MSFD). Part I. Spatial distribution. Med. Mar. Sci.11, 381-493.