Energy consumption in the transportation sector is increasing and this issue has caused serious problems such as air pollution and excessive energy consumption in the urban environment (Nakamura, 2004). Consequently, they will shift with an accelerated status of development, and also energy consumption will intensify (Schafer, 1999). As fossil fuels are the source of energy, it’s expected to increase emissions of fuel by-products.
Another issue that has been addressed is that improving the mobility of individuals in the direction of economic development and the advancement of motorization has accelerated the growth of the suburbs (Eom and Schipper. 2010). In addition, the increase in travel length, which is itself an output of the suburbs, is directly related to the increase in energy consumption in the urban transport sector that itself caused enormous problems. We now propose strategies that can improve energy consumption and urban transportation with a traffic perspective to reduce motor vehicles. Therefore, the important point is that not only the amount of energy consumption in the transportation sector in a city is evaluated but also is differentiated clarifies how the relationship between energy consumption in the transportation sector and the structure of the city and energy optimization. In this regard, many planning techniques and research projects are carried out with the development of the city structure, which are based on the concept of sustainable development.
Therefore, the issue of inner-city traffic is one of the main sources of pollutants that are harmful to human health and also causes many environmental adverse effects, which can be mentioned as air pollution caused by traffic and its effect on the health of pedestrians and bicycles riders and noise pollution, so it seems necessary to find traffic factors affecting air pollution and to check their impact. (Atash, 2007, 3099-409)
Another consequence of urban traffic is more air pollution, which itself causes many environmental damages, such as loss of valuable land, changing the climate of the earth, and air pollution in urban areas. Since traffic growth which is mainly concentrated in urban areas, it has increased the production and emission of polluting gases in these areas. (Boulter, 2006: p. 108).
According to the published statistics from the country's energy balance in 2015, 97% of carbon monoxide and 79% of hydrocarbons released in the country are related to the transportation sector. In particular, Tehran city due to the rapid growth of the population, the worn out fleet of cars, the number of industrial units, the geographical and meteorological factors of the region, has faced a severe decrease in air quality, which sometimes the high level of pollutants forced the authorities to close schools and impose traffic restrictions. (Morabia, 2009:72-77)
The question is how optimizing and simulating the existing geometry and timing and phasing of the Hafez traffic light can help to Axis geometric correction while maintaining phasing.
Definitions:
Traffic engineers should be familiar with how to measure and interpret speed, travel time and delay data in order to understand the quality of traffic facility performance and the criteria defined for its performance. In this part, will be discussed the speed, travel time and delay in travel.
Speed:
Speed is an important factor in evaluating crash hotspots and other safety-related studies. Speed is inversely related to travel time. But the measurement of speed or travel time is done in different places for different reasons. Speed measurement is usually done at a point (or a short segment) of the track in free flow conditions. Its purpose is to measure the speed chosen by drivers in non-congested conditions. (McShane et al. 2010)
travel time:
Travel time must be measured over a length of track, which can be obtained spot speed by dividing the travel time to a short length of track (usually less than 300 m). travel time measurements must be done over a significant length of track. These studies are usually conducted during peak hours to measure the severity and cause of congestion. (McShane et al. 2010)
Delay:
The delay is part of the total travel time. This part of the travel time is especially felt by the drivers and causes them great discomfort. For example, delays along an arterial road may include stoppages caused by traffic lights, obstructions in the lane, or other congestion factors. (McShane et al. 2010)
Research goal:
The purpose of the research is improving the condition of the intra-city traffic and measure the quality of traffic at the level intersection of urban roads in the region.