Mycorrhizae are a type of symbiotic relationship that occur between fungi and plant roots. There are two main types of mycorrhiza: ectomycorrhizae and endomycorrhizae. Ectomycorrhizae form a sheath around the roots of certain plants, such as pines, oaks, and eucalyptus. The fungi involved in ectomycorrhizae do not invade the cells of the plant roots, but rather create a layer around the root cells known as the Hartig net. This allows for the exchange of nutrients and water between the plant and the fungus. Ectomycorrhizae are important for the health and growth of trees in forests, as they help to improve the uptake of nutrients and water from the soil. Endomycorrhizae, on the other hand, form a symbiotic relationship with the plant by actually invading the cells of the root. There are two main types of endomycorrhizae: arbuscular mycorrhizae (AM) and ericoid mycorrhizae (EM). Various kinds of mycorrhizal connections are described below in Fig. 1. Soil micro-organisms such as AMFs reflect a crucial connection between plants and mineral soil nutrients. They are also gaining rising attention as natural fertilisers. AMFs are mandatory symbiotics of phylum Glomeromycota [56], establishing mutualistic symbiosis, with about 80 percent of the land plant organisms, including many food crops. In return for photosynthetic materials, they provide the host plant with mineral nutrients and water [59]. The AMF mycelium from the root system is able to extract nutrients from soil volumes that are inaccessible to the roots [59]. In comparison to plant roots fungal hyphae are far thinner and can reach narrower pores [1]. Carbohydrates and mineral nutrients are then spread by the plant and fungi within the roots. AM fungal hyphae colonise root cortex predominantly by forming profusely branchy structures inside the cells, i.e. arbuscules, which are known as the functional nutrient exchange site [7]. AMF therefore eliminates plant growth restrictions imposed by an insufficient supply of nutrients [43]. In recent times a non-mycorrhizal state can be regarded as rare in natural habitats for most organisms [61], even though the AM fungal populations below the ground are significantly different depending on the species composition, soil and seasonal form or variation of these factors [61]. AM experiences provide plants with additional advantages, in addition to an increased food source, such as enhanced drought and salinity resistance [6, 46]. While several studies have been performed on the impact of AM symbiosis on plant reaction to abiotic stress such as drought, salinity and flooding in the last few years, the processes that have contributed to an improved plant stress resistance still remains somewhat elusive [6, 52, 53, 9, 10].Metals such as Iron(Fe),Copper(Cu) and Zinc (Zn) perform important functions in a variety of sub-cellular compartments, but they constitute a highly reactive community of elements that are toxic at large concentrations [65]. AM fungi have been documented to minimise the toxicity of heavy metals in host plant and to withstand high metal concentrations in soil. [22, 36, 18, 65, 38]. Metal transporters play a vital function in homeostasis of heavy metals. A Zn transporter was identified in Glomus intraradices (GintZnT1) [23] and more recently multiple putative genes coding Cu, Fe & Zn transporters were identified in a genome-wide study of the recently published Rhizophagus irregularis (formally, Glomus intraradices) genome [66]. The next steps would be characterisation of these carriers and discerning their role in the symbiosis. AM fungi may also have a significant influence on the environment, as they promote soil structure and aggregation [49, 35, 50] and control the development and production of plant populations [67].The impact of AM symbiosis have recently been also studied on greenhouse gas (GHG) emission [12, 32]. Evidence presented by Bender et al. (2014) suggests that AM fungus may have a role to play in climate change mitigation due to their ability to significantly reduce emissions of N2O, a key greenhouse gas. By enhancing plant nitrogen (N) absorption and assimilation, AM fungi may be able to reduce N2O emissions by decreasing soluble N in soil and, in turn, denitrification [12]. Correlations between AM fungal abundance and genes involved in primary N2O production (nirK) and consumption (nosZ) suggest that AM fungi promote shifts in soil microbial biomass and community composition that lead to reduced N2O emissions. According to [32], AM symbiosis aids in N2O emission management at high soil moisture levels, and it was suggested that AM plant N2O emission control may be mediated by higher soil water use rather than increased N absorption. Therefore, AM fungi are primary biotic soil elements, which, when absent or degraded, for instance, by anthropic input, will contribute to a less effective functioning of the ecosystem. The process of re-establishing AMF may be a promising solution to industrial fertilisation methods in order to achieve organic cultivation, a significant goal for farmers in the midst of a global recession and an environmentally friendly consumer. The key technique for achieving this aim is to directly reintroduce AMF (inoculum) propagules in the target soil. However, in the application of these fungi, awareness of how AMF adapts and reacts to the objective of soil management and ecosystem management and the events which result in a functional symbiosis, including the mechanisms involved in the transfer of nutrients is important. After a brief discussion of the latest studies on the nutritional aspects of AM symbiosis and a short description of the challenges of development of AMF inoculum, descriptions of the application of AM fungi are mentioned and addressed, both under regulated and open field conditions, with specific emphasis on identifying factors contributing to success of the biofertilizer.