In our study, groups (Grade 0, 1, 2, and 3) were formed according to the Fazekas scale by evaluating the white matter T2 hyperintense lesions in the MR results of 103 patients (Table 1). There were 19 patients in grade 0, 58 patients in grade 1, 19 patients in grade 2, and 7 patients in grade 3. Gender distribution in the patient groups was determined as 12 males and 7 females in grade 0, 19 males and 39 females in grade 1, 6 males and 13 females in grade 2, and 3 males and 4 females in grade 3. There was no statistically significant difference between the groups in terms of gender (p = 0.107).
Table 1
Mean and statistical analysis of parameters in all groups.
Groups | Total | Age | Homocysteine | Folate | B12 | İMA | Total Thiol | Native thiol | Disulfide |
---|
| | Mean ± SD |
Grade 0 (n = 19) | 103 | 35.3 ± 12.9 | 8.6 ± 2.8 | 8.8 ± 3.9 | 349 ± 152 | 0.303 ± 0,025 | 540 ± 115 | 428 ± 99 | 56 ± 15 |
Grade 1 (n = 58) | 44.3 ± 10.6 | 9.9 ± 3.6 | 7.9 ± 3.1 | 341 ± 193 | 0.313 ± 0.018 | 476 ± 91 | 368 ± 71 | 54 ± 15 |
Grade 2 (n = 19) | 49.0 ± 10.5 | 11.5 ± 2.0 | 6.7 ± 3.2 | 328 ± 124 | 0.320 ± 0.013 | 464 ± 90 | 358 ± 79 | 53 ± 13 |
Grade 3 (n = 7) | 53.1 ± 7.2 | 15.7 ± 3.4 | 5.6 ± 1.5 | 270 ± 119 | 0.329 ± 0.010 | 413 ± 31 | 307 ± 39 | 53 ± 16 |
P value | 0.001* | 0.000* | 0.017* | 0.552 | 0.006* | 0.015* | 0.008* | 0.855 |
SD: Standard deviation, * p-value statistically significant |
Statistical analyzes were performed by determining the age, homocysteine, folate, B12, IMA, total thiol, native thiol, and disulfide ratios in all groups. According to these results, a statistically significant difference was found in age, homocysteine, folate, IMA, total thiol, and native thiol parameters (p = 0.001, p = 0.000, p = 0.017, p = 0.006, p = 0.015, and p = 0.008, respectively) There was no significant difference in B12 and disulfide (p = 0.552 and p = 0.855) (Table 1). As a result of the statistical analysis for age between the groups, a significant difference was found between grade 0/1, grade 0/2, grade 0/3, and grade 1/3 (p = 0.006, p = 0.002, p = 0.003, and p = 0.039, respectively). There was no significant difference between grade1/2 and grade 2/3 (p = 0.129 and p = 0.395, respectively). When homocysteine was evaluated statistically between the groups, a significant difference was found between grade 0/2, grade 0/3, grade 1/2, and grade 1/3 (p = 0.000, p = 0.000, p = 0.008, and p = 0.001, respectively). There was no significant difference for grade 0/1 (p = 0.136). As a result of the statistical analysis of folate between the groups, it was determined that there was a significant difference between grade 0/2, grade 0/3, grade 1/2, and grade 1/3 (p = 0.025, p = 0.022, p = 0.038, and p = 0.023, respectively). There was no significant difference for grade 0/1 and grade 2/3 (p = 0.531 and p = 0.534, respectively). As a result of the statistical analysis of IMA between the groups, it was determined that there is a significant difference between grades 0/2, 0/3, and 1/3 (p = 0.018, p = 0.007, and p = 0.015, respectively). There was no significant difference in grade 0/1, grade 1/2, grade 2/3 groups (p = 0.091, p = 0.089 and p = 0.120, respectively). As a result of the statistical analysis of total thiol between the groups, it was determined that there is a significant difference between grades 0/1, 0/3, and 1/3 (p = 0.029, p = 0.006, and p = 0.026, respectively). There was no significant difference in grade 0/2, grade 1/2, grade 2/3 groups (p = 0.061, p = 0.671, and p = 0.209, respectively). As a result of the statistical analysis of native thiol between the groups, it was determined that there was a significant difference between grades 0/1, 0/3, and 1/3 (p = 0.023 p = 0.002 and p = 0.019, respectively). There was no significant difference in grade 0/2, grade 1/2, grade 2/3 groups (p = 0.050, p = 0.684, and p = 0.094, respectively).
In groups, normal, heterozygous, and homozygous allele frequencies of A1298C and C677T genes were determined and statistical analysis was made between groups. When the groups were compared in terms of A1298C gene mutation, no statistically significant difference was found. When the C677T gene mutation was evaluated in the groups, it was determined that there was a statistically significant difference in the TT genotype between 0/3, 1/2, and 1/3 groups (p = 0.04, p = 0.02, and p = 0.01, respectively ) (Table 2).
Table 2
Distribution and statistical analysis of genotypes of A1298C and C677T genes between groups.
Genes | Groups | Genotypes Frequency | Association analyses | Genetic model [OR (95% Cl)] / p-value |
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A1298C (n = 103) | | AA | AC | CC | | AA | AC | CC |
0 (n = 19) | 7 (36.8%) | 11 (57.9%) | 1 (5.3%) | Grade 0/1 | (0.40–3.53) 0.78 | (0.39–3.18) 1.0 | (0.04–3.52) 0.67 |
Grade 0/2 | (0.17–2.37) 0.74 | (0.8–11.2) 0.19 | (0.02–2.36) 0.34 |
1 (n = 58) | 19 (32.8%) | 32 (55.1%) | 7 (12.1%) | Grade 1/2 | (0.19–1.55) 0.28 | (0.89–7.99) 0.11 | (0.13–1.99) 0.45 |
Grade 1/3 | (0.33–26.03) 0.42 | (0.19–4.50) 1 | (0.05–2.11) 0.25 |
2 (n = 19) | 9 (47.4%) | 6 (31.5%) | 4 (21.1%) | Grade 2/3 | (0.54–53.9) 0.19 | (0.05–2.06) 0.37 | (0.09–4.81) 1.0 |
3 (n = 7) | 1 (14.3%) | 4 (57.1%) | 2 (28.6%) | Grade 0/3 | (0.35–35.4) 0.37 | (0.18–5.9) 1.0 | (0.01–1.9) 0.17 |
C677T (n = 103) | | CC | CT | TT | | CC | CT | TT |
0 (n = 19) | 7 (36.8%) | 11 (57.9%) | 1 (5.3%) | Grade 0/1 | (0.28–2.40) 0.79 | (0.69–1.70) 0.79 | (0.09–10.4) 1.0 |
Grade 0/2 | (0.40–6.51) 0.73 | (0.42–5.49) 0.75 | (0.02–1.49) 0.18 |
1 (n = 58) | 24 (41.4%) | 31 (53.4%) | 3 (5.2%) | Grade 1/2 | (0.63–6.22) 0.28 | (0.45–3.6) 0.79 | (0.03–0.71) 0.02* |
Grade 1/3 | (0.31–9.86) 0.69 | (0.51–16.01) 0.26 | (0.01–0.48) 0.01* |
2 (n = 19) | 5 (26.3%) | 9 (47.4%) | 5 (26.3%) | Grade 2/3 | (0.12–6.16) 1.0 | (0.34–14.6) 0.65 | (0.08–2.91) 0.63 |
3 (n = 7) | 2 (28.6%) | 2 (28.6%) | 3 (42.8%) | Grade 0/3 | (0.22–9.61) 1.0 | (0.52–22.4) 0.39 | (0.01–0.91) 0.04* |
OR: odds ratio, Cl: Confidence interval, * p-value statistically significant |
The effects of normal (AA), heterozygous (AC), and homozygous (CC) genotypes of A1298C and C677T genes on homocysteine, folate, B12, IMA, total thiol, native thiol, and disulfide were investigated. When the CC genotype in the A1298G gene was compared to the AA and AC genotype, it was found that the TT genotype significantly increased homocysteine level (p = 0.025 and p = 0.004, respectively). Also, a significant difference was found in total thiol in terms of AC/CC (p = 0.024). When the TT genotype in the C677T gene was compared with CC and CT genotypes, a significant difference was found in homocysteine folate and IMA levels According to these results, the statistical significance level was found CC/CT (p = 0.001) and CT/TT (p = 0.001) for homocysteine, CC/CT (p = 0.002) and CT/TT (p = 0.001) for folate, CC/TT (p = 0.018) ve CT/TT (p = 0.003) for IMA (Table 3).
Table 3
The effect of A1298C and C677T gene mutations on homocysteine, folate, B12, IMA, total thiol native thiol and disulfide.
| A1298C | C677T |
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AA (n = 36) | AC (n = 53) | CC (n = 14) | AA/AC | AA/CC | AC/CC | CC (n = 38) | CT (n = 53) | TT (n = 12) | CC/CT | CC/TT | CT/TT |
---|
| Mean ± SD | P value | Mean ± SD | P value |
Homocysteine | 10.3 ± 4.02 | 9.8 ± 2.9 | 12.9 ± 3.8 | 0.735 | 0.025* | 0.004* | 9.76 ± 3.14 | 10.1 ± 3.51 | 13.9 ± 3.4 | 0.527 | 0.001* | 0.001* |
Folate | 7.9 ± 3.1 | 7.8 ± 3.2 | 12.9 ± 3.8 | 0.757 | 0.157 | 0.139 | 7.8 ± 3.2 | 8.2 ± 3.4 | 5.2 ± 1.4 | 0.426 | 0.002* | 0.001* |
B12 | 343 ± 108 | 344 ± 215 | 278 ± 76 | 0.288 | 0.053 | 0.209 | 347 ± 95 | 339 ± 219 | 281 ± 95 | 0.070 | 0.069 | 0.483 |
IMA | 0.311 ± 0.02 | 0.315 ± 0.02 | 0.317 ± 0.01 | 0.364 | 0.304 | 0.883 | 0.314 ± 0.02 | 0.310 ± 0.02 | 0.327 ± 0.01 | 0.649 | 0.018* | 0.003* |
Total Thiol | 488 ± 105 | 490 ± 96 | 434 ± 73 | 0.828 | 0.076 | 0.024* | 477 ± 99 | 482 ± 89 | 497 ± 132 | 0.664 | 0.785 | 0.987 |
Native thiol | 377 ± 81 | 381 ± 85 | 334 ± 63 | 0.963 | 0.092 | 0.058 | 370 ± 79 | 374 ± 78 | 376 ± 106 | 0.837 | 0.794 | 0.933 |
Disulfide | 55 ± 17 | 55 ± 13 | 50 ± 16 | 0.682 | 0.218 | 0.287 | 53 ± 17 | 54 ± 11 | 60 ± 19 | 0.607 | 0.229 | 0.310 |
SD: Standard deviation, * p-value statistically significant |
Correlation analysis was performed between parameters. According to the results of this analysis, a positive significant correlation was found between homocysteine-age and homocysteine-IMA levels (p = 0.012 r = 0.247, p = 0.000 r = 0.492, respectively). In addition, a significant negative correlation was found between homocysteine-folate, homocysteine-total thiol and homocysteine-native thiol (p = 0.000 r=-0.478, p = 0.002 r=-0.302 and p = 0.003 r=-0.291, respectively).