Agriculture expansion is a major cause of habitat loss and exposure to phytochemical pollution for non-human primates. In addition to endocrine disruption, exposure to pesticides may have other sublethal physiological consequences for animals, such as generation of oxidative damage to macromolecules. In this study, we analysed the pesticides that occur in the river water across the home range of wild chimpanzees (Pan troglodytes) in Sebitoli area located the northern part of Kibale National Park (Uganda). We tested whether levels of three urinary markers of oxidative damage vary among individuals in relation to their ranging patterns, as a proxy for pesticide exposure intensity. To better characterize the foraging habitat use, the trophic level and the energetic status of study individuals, we also quantified urinary levels of carbon and nitrogen stable isotope ratios and of C-peptide. Among the 511 pesticides screened, 18 compounds including herbicides, insecticides, and fungicides were found in the water sampled in the western part of the chimpanzee home range where chimpanzees used to feed on maize crops while only seven were found in the Eastern part where no crop feeding is observed. According to their ranging patterns and thus crop feeding frequency, the 139 urine samples collected from 43 Sebitoli chimpanzees were categorized as belonging to low, medium, and high exposure level. Chimpanzees from the high exposure zone had higher oxidative DNA damage than chimpanzees from both the low and medium exposition groups, whose levels of DNA damage were similar. In addition, individuals with higher C-peptide tended to have significantly higher oxidative DNA damage and lipid peroxides. Levels of urinary 8-isoprostanes and of urinary lipid peroxides were similar across the three exposition groups. These results were robust for any potential confounding effect of other variables because neither age category nor sex or isotope levels were significantly associated with markers of oxidative damage. Our study points to genotoxic effects as one potential sublethal consequence of ranging in proximity of agricultural fields owing to exposure to pesticides or other unidentified sources of stress. This may be relevant for the conservation of this endangered primate species, which given our phylogenetic proximity, may also serve as sentinel for human health.