5.1 Test Scenario-1
Comparisons of AODV ,OLSR and EC-BATMAN for Delay ,Energy, Packet Delivery Ratio and throughput are discussed in tables 2.1,2.2,2.3 and 2.4.The comparisons Delay vs nodes, Energy vs nodes, PDR vs Nodes and Throughput vs Nodes are done for 50 nodes ,100 nodes, 150 nodes and 200 nodes for AODV ,OLSR and EC-BATMAN routing protocols.
For all extensive simulations, NS3-3.26 was used.At the start of the simulation, the simulated network had 50, 100, 150, and 200 nodes randomly distributed across a 1200x1200 m area. Table 1 summarizes all simulation parameters:
Table 1: Simulation parameters
Sno
|
Parameters
|
Values
|
1
|
Number of Nodes
|
50,100,150,200
|
2
|
Maximum Speed
|
20 m/s
|
3
|
Transmission range
|
240m
|
4
|
Traffic Size
|
CBR
|
5
|
Routing Protocols
|
AODV,OLSR,EC-BATMAN
|
6
|
Simulation tool used
|
NS3 -3.26
|
7
|
Environment Size
|
1200×1200
|
Evaluated all simulation results with the maximum speed of the nodes set to 20 m/s and the pause time set to 5 ms, and the number of nodes varying between 50, 100, 150, and 200. The transmission range of the network for delivering packets from one node to another is 240 m.
Table: 2 Comparisons of AODV, OLSR and EC-BATMAN
2.1 Delay vs nodes
Delay
|
AODV
|
OLSR
|
EC-BATMAN
|
0
|
0
|
0
|
0
|
50
|
0.18045
|
0.20442
|
0.17121
|
100
|
0.23018
|
0.24922
|
0.22881
|
150
|
0.30241
|
0.32982
|
0.28018
|
200
|
0.34834
|
0.35622
|
0.33016
|
2.4 Throughput vs Nodes
Throughput
|
AODV
|
OLSR
|
EC-BATMAN
|
0
|
0
|
0
|
0
|
50
|
2.7892
|
2.7713
|
2.8123
|
100
|
2.2191
|
2.1987
|
2.2687
|
150
|
1.9942
|
1.9612
|
2.0262
|
200
|
1.8332
|
1.8134
|
1.8882
|
The total time it takes for a packet to travel through a network is referred to as end-to-end delay (En).The statistics of End-to-End Delay against increase in the number of Nodes for AODV, OLSR and EC-BATMAN as shown in Fig. 4 showcases slight decrease in the End-to-End delay of the network using the proposed EC-BATMAN as the number of nodes increases.
End to end delay (En) defined as packets begin at the source host, travel through several switching devices, and finally arrive at the destination host. The maximum delay includes the protocol latency (PL), the processing delay(Pd) associated with the protocol stack of the source and destination hosts ,the transmission delay (Td), the transmission medium communication range (CR) and the switch delay (Sd) caused by packet forwarding in the switches. The following formula can be used to calculate the end-to-end delay as
En = PL + Td + Pd + Td + CR + Sd (1)
Throughput is defined as the total number of successful packet arrivals observed on the destination device over a given time interval divided by the time interval's duration.The statistics of Average Throughput against increase in the number of Nodes for AODV, OLSR and EC-BATMAN as shown in Fig. 5 showcases a drop in the throughput using EC-BATMAN as a trade-off in employing a store-and-forward mechanism in order to conserve energy. As the main motive of the proposed system is to deal with energy conservative principles rather than performance this comparison cannot be considered for further discussions.
The statistics of Energy Conservation against increase in the number of Nodes for AODV, OLSR and EC-BATMAN as shown in Fig. 6 showcases lower energy consumption i.e. higher energy conservation using the proposed EC-BATMAN which is to prove the main objective of the research that has been performed. A sensor node's energy (Es) consumption includes microcontroller processing, radio transmission and reception, transient energy, sensor sensing, sensor logging, and actuation.The sensor energy dissipation for sensing activity and logging with packet size and current and time needed for sensing the gateways is calculated as
Energy of Sensor mote (Es) = Ps * Sv * C s * T s, (2)
where Ps = packet size, Sv = supply voltage, and Cs = current needed for sensing,Ts = time needed for sensing the gateway
The statistics of Packet Delivery Ratio(PDR) against increase in the number of Nodes for AODV, OLSR and EC-BATMAN as shown in Fig. 7 showcases a drop in the PDR using the proposed EC-BATMAN as a trade-off in employing a wrapping mechanism where multiple packets to be delivered are put in one packet during store-and-forward that reduces the number of packets in order to conserve energy hence, the number of starting and delivered packets do not match accordingly.Packet delivery Ratio (PDR) is defined as the number of packets received successfully by the destination node (Dp) divided by total number of packets sent by the source node (Sp).
PDR = Dp/Sp (3)
where Dp is the number of packets received by destination,Sp is the number of packets sent by source.
Figure-3 compares the performance of three algorithms in terms of packet transmission and nodes (A-F): AODV, OLSR, and EC-BATMAN. The EC-BATMAN algorithm in table 2.1,2.2,2.3 and 2.4 shows high efficiency when compared with AODV and OLSR. It indicates that when we are transferring packets from node A to F in AODV we have 20% accuracy, while in OLSR we have 35% but in EC-BATMAN we have 39% accuracy.
The proposed routing algorithm, EC-BATMAN, employs the store-and-forward method, i.e., until the gateway receives the entire packet, it will not forward it to the best hop. As a result, the energy consumption is very low, and even though the delay is greater, the routing protocol performs better in terms of energy consumption.
According to Figs. 4,5,6 and 7 EC-BATMAN is quite promising. Although AODV and OLSR bandwidth is periodic and smaller than EC-BATMAN's, it seems to decrease routing traffic requirements, resulting in a quicker convergence to the proposed model, and EC-BATMAN enhanced more user data in terms of throughput, delay, and Packet delivery ratio (PDR) and energy. However, this idea needs to be validated in different situations using diverse simulation techniques to evaluate the dependability of the findings.