1. Singer M, Deutschman CS, Seymour CW, Shankar-Hari M, Annane D, Bauer M, et al. The Third International Consensus Definitions for Sepsis and Septic Shock (Sepsis-3). JAMA. 2016;315(8):801–10.
2. Rudd KE, Johnson SC, Agesa KM, Shackelford KA, Tsoi D, Kievlan DR, et al. Global, regional, and national sepsis incidence and mortality, 1990-2017: analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study. Lancet. 2020;395(10219):200–211.
3. Venkata C, Kashyap R, Farmer JC, Afessa B. Thrombocytopenia in adult patients with sepsis: incidence, risk factors, and its association with clinical outcome. J Intensive Care. 2013;1(1):9.
4. Sharma B, Sharma M, Majumder M, Steier W, Sangal A, Kalawar M. Thrombocytopenia in septic shock patients—a prospective observational study of incidence, risk factors and correlation with clinical outcome. Anaesth Intensive Care. 2007;35(6):874-80.
5. Cedervall J, Hamidi A, Olsson A-K. Platelets, NETs and cancer. Thromb Res. 2018;164:S148–52.
6. Sreeramkumar V, Adrover JM, Ballesteros I, Cuartero MI, Rossaint J, Bilbao I, et al. Neutrophils scan for activated platelets to initiate inflammation. Science. 2014;346(6214):1234–8.
7. Jenne CN, Kubes P. Platelets in inflammation and infection. Platelets. 2015;26(4):286-92.
8. Greco E, Lupia E, Bosco O, Vizio B, Montrucchio G. Platelets and Multi-Organ Failure in Sepsis. Int J Mol Sci. 2017;18(10):2200.
9. Thiery-Antier N, Binquet C, Vinault S, Meziani F, Boisramé-Helms J, Quenot J-P. Is Thrombocytopenia an Early Prognostic Marker in Septic Shock?. Crit Care Med. 2016;44(4):764–72.
10. Wu Q, Ren J, Wu X, Wang G, Gu G, Liu S, et al. Recombinant human thrombopoietin improves platelet counts and reduces platelet transfusion possibility among patients with severe sepsis and thrombocytopenia: A prospective study. J Crit Care. 2014;29(3):362–6.
11. Zhou Z, Feng T, Xie Y, Huang P, Xie H, Tian R, et al. The effect of recombinant human thrombopoietin (rhTPO) on sepsis patients with acute severe thrombocytopenia: a study protocol for a multicentre randomised controlled trial (RESCUE trial). BMC Infect Dis. 2019;19(1):780.
12. Zhou Z, Feng T, Xie Y, Zhang X, Du J, Tian R, et al. Prognosis and rescue therapy for sepsis-related severe thrombocytopenia in critically ill patients. Cytokine. 2020;136:155227.
13. Rhodes A, Evans LE, Alhazzani W, Levy MM, Antonelli M, Ferrer R, et al. Surviving Sepsis Campaign: International Guidelines for Management of Sepsis and Septic Shock: 2016. Crit Care Med. 2017;45(3):486–552.
14. Slichter SJ. Evidence-based platelet transfusion guidelines. Hematology Am Soc Hematol Educ Program. 2007;172–8.
15. Ning S, Liu Y, Barty R, Cook R, Rochwerg B, Iorio A, et al. The association between platelet transfusions and mortality in patients with critical illness. Transfusion. 2019;59(6):1962–1970.
16. Johnson AEW, Pollard TJ, Shen L, Lehman L-WH, Feng M, Ghassemi M, et al. MIMIC-III, a freely accessible critical care database. Sci Data. 2016;3:160035.
17. Levi M, Löwenberg EC. Thrombocytopenia in critically ill patients. Semin Thromb Hemost. 2008;34(5):417–24.
18. Sakr Y, Vincent J-L, Ruokonen E, Pizzamiglio M, Installe E, Reinhart K, et al. Sepsis and organ system failure are major determinants of post–intensive care unit mortality. J Crit Care. 2008;23(4):475–83.
19. Claushuis TAM, Vught LA, Scicluna BP, Wiewel MA, Klouwenberg PMCK, Hoogendijk A, et al. Thrombocytopenia is associated with a dysregulated host response in critically ill sepsis patients. Blood. 2016;127(24):3062–72.
20. Levi M. Platelets in Critical Illness. Semin Thromb Hemost. 2016;42(3):252–7.
21. Stoppelaar SF, Veer C, Claushuis TAM, Albersen BJA, Roelofs JJTH, Poll T, et al. Thrombocytopenia impairs host defense in gram-negative pneumonia-derived sepsis in mice. Blood. 2014;124(25):3781-90.
22. Joffre J, Hellman J, Ince C, Ait-Oufella H. Endothelial responses in sepsis. Am J Respir Crit Care Med. 2020;202(3):361-370.
23. Cohen J. The immunopathogenesis of sepsis. Nature. 2002;420(6917):885-91.
24. Stéphan F, Cheffi MA, Kaplan C, Maillet J, Novara A, Fagon J, et al. Autoantibodies against platelet glycoproteins in critically ill patients with thrombocytopenia. Am J Med. 2000;108(7):554-60.
25. Guclu E, Durmaz Y, Karabay O. Effect of severe sepsis on platelet count and their indices. Afr Health Sci. 2013;13(2):333–8.
26. Liu Y, Jin G, Sun J, Wang X, Guo L. Recombinant human thrombopoietin in critically ill patients with sepsis-associated thrombocytopenia: A clinical study. Int J Infect Dis. 2020;98:144–149.
27. Jones JM, Sapiano MRP, Savinkina AA, Haass KA, Baker ML, Henry RA, et al. Slowing decline in blood collection and transfusion in the United States-2017. Transfusion. 2020;60 Suppl 2(Suppl 2):S1-S9.
28. Aubron C, Flint AW, Bailey M, Pilcher David, Cheng AC, Hegarty C, et al. Is platelet transfusion associated with hospital-acquired infections in critically ill patients?. Crit Care. 2017;21(1):2.
29. Schmidt AE, Henrichs KF, Kirkley SA, Refaai MA, Blumberg N. Prophylactic preprocedure platelet transfusion is associated with increased risk of thrombosis and mortality. Am J Clin Pathol. 2018;149:87-94.
30. Goel R, Ness PM, Takemoto CM, Krishnamurti L, King KE, Tobian AAR. Platelet transfusions in platelet consumptive disorders are associated with arterial thrombosis and in-hospital mortality. Blood. 2015;125(9):1470-1476.
31. Elgendy MM, Durgham R, Othman HF, Heis F, Abu-Shaweesh G, Saker F, etc. Platelet transfusion and Outcomes of preterm infants: a cross-sectional study. Neonatology. 2021; 1-9.
32. Keene SD, Patel RM, Stansfield BK, Davis J, Josephson CD, Winkler AM. Blood product transfusion and mortality in neonatal extracorporeal membrane oxygenation. Transfusion. 2020;60(2):262-268.