Of the 1351 CBCT studies, after applying the exclusion criteria, 180 scans were available for statistical analysis (85 male and 95 female, mean age 41.85±15.51 years), containing 4158 permanent teeth. The distribution of patients by age and gender is shown in Table 2. Apical periodontitis was found in 248 teeth (6%), ET was found in 413 teeth (9.9%), and both ET and AP were observed in 159 teeth (3.8%). Intra-rater agreement was nearly perfect (κ=0,86).
Table 2 Distribution of the study population
Gender
|
Age
|
18–29
|
30–39
|
40–49
|
50–59
|
≥60
|
Total
|
Male (%)
|
24
(13.3)
|
20
(11.1)
|
14
(7.8)
|
13
(7.2)
|
14
(7.8)
|
85
(47.2)
|
Female (%)
|
18
(10.0)
|
25
(13.9)
|
24
(13.3)
|
14
(7.8)
|
14
(7.8)
|
95
(52.8)
|
Total (%)
|
42
(23.3)
|
45
(25.1)
|
38
(21.1)
|
27
(15.0)
|
28
(15.5)
|
180
(100.0)
|
Apical periodontitis, COPI
Apical periodontitis was present in 248 teeth evaluated and included ET teeth (159) and non-ET teeth (89). All age groups were dominated by small, well-defined lesions up to 3 mm in diameter (S1) (46.4%), except for the group of patients aged 18-29 years, where large lesions over 5 mm (S3) were predominant. Medium well-defined radiolucency 3-5 mm (S2) was diagnosed in 16.1% of teeth and S3 in 37.5% of teeth. Apical periodontitis involved one (R1) or more than one root (R2) in 41.7% and 44.7% of teeth, respectively. 13.6% of teeth with a radiolucent lesion involved a furcation (R3). The most common bone destruction (63.7%) was observed around the tooth root (D1), while the least common bone destruction (12.9%) was in contact with important anatomical structures such as the maxillary sinus, inferior alveolar nerve canal or incisive canal (D2). The destruction of cortical bone (D3) occurred in 23.4% of the teeth. Table 3 summarizes the COPI index in age and teeth group.
Table 3. Complex periapical index according to the age and teeth group
Age group
|
Teeth group
|
ET with AP
|
ET without AP
|
ET with AP
|
ET without AP
|
|
18–29
|
30–39
|
40–49
|
50–59
|
≥60
|
Total
|
18–29
|
30–39
|
40–49
|
50–59
|
≥60
|
Total
|
Anterior
|
Premolar
|
Molar
|
Total
|
Anterior
|
Premolar
|
Molar
|
Total
|
L1 (%)
|
16 (1,9)
|
30 (3,6)
|
24 (2,9)
|
22 (2,6)
|
7 (0,8)
|
99 (11,8)
|
41 (4,9)
|
110 (13,1)
|
78 (9,3)
|
68 (8,1)
|
44 (5,2)
|
341 (40,6)
|
21 (2,5)
|
11 (1,3)
|
67 (8,0)
|
99 (11,8)
|
55 (6,6)
|
100 (11,9)
|
186 (22,2)
|
341 (40,6)
|
L2 (%)
|
5 (0,6)
|
28 (3,3)
|
25 (3,0)
|
17 (2,0)
|
20 (2,4)
|
95 (11,3)
|
12 (1,4)
|
51 (6,1)
|
26 (3,1)
|
25 (3,0)
|
27 (3,2)
|
141 (16,8)
|
11 (1,3)
|
29 (3,5)
|
55 (6,6)
|
95 (11,3)
|
21 (2,5)
|
45 (5,4)
|
75 (8,9)
|
141 (16,8)
|
L3 (%)
|
1 (0,1)
|
7 (0,8)
|
4 (0,5)
|
8 (1,0)
|
1 (0,1)
|
21 (2,5)
|
2 (0,2)
|
12 (1,4)
|
11 (1,3)
|
7 (0,8)
|
4, (0,5)
|
36 (4,3)
|
3 (0,4)
|
5 (0,6)
|
13 (1,5)
|
21 (2,5)
|
9 (1,1)
|
6 (0,7)
|
21 (2,5)
|
36 (4,3)
|
L4 (%)
|
8 (1,0)
|
12 (1,4)
|
14 (1,7)
|
8 (1,0)
|
15 (1,8)
|
57 (6,8)
|
5 (0,6)
|
12 (1,4)
|
12 (1,4)
|
10, (1,2)
|
8 (1,0)
|
47 (5,6)
|
1 (0,1)
|
10 (1,2)
|
46 (5,5)
|
57 (6,8)
|
2 (0,2)
|
3 (0,4)
|
42 (5,0)
|
47 (5,6)
|
L5 (%)
|
-
|
2 (0,2)
|
-
|
-
|
-
|
2 (0,2)
|
-
|
-
|
-
|
-
|
-
|
-
|
2 (0,2)
|
-
|
-
|
2 (0,2)
|
-
|
-
|
-
|
-
|
Total (%)
|
30 (3,6)
|
79 (9,4)
|
67 (8,0)
|
55 (6,6)
|
43 (5,1)
|
274 (32,7)
|
60 (7,2)
|
185 (22,1)
|
127 (15,1)
|
110 (13,1)
|
83 (9,9)
|
565 (67,3)
|
38 (4,5)
|
55 (6,6)
|
181(22,2)
|
274 (32,7)
|
87 (10,4)
|
154 (18,4)
|
324 (38,6)
|
565 (67,3)
|
χ2 = 25,14, p = 0,01*
|
χ2 = 9,13, p = 0,69
|
χ2 = 35,03, p = 0,00*
|
χ2 = 26,04, p = 0,00*
|
H1 (%)
|
8 (1,0)
|
33 (3,9)
|
28 (3,3)
|
27 (3,2)
|
8 (1,0)
|
104 (12,4)
|
51
(6,1)
|
146 (17,4)
|
100 (11,9)
|
82
(9,8)
|
65
(7,7)
|
444 (52,9)
|
17 (2,0)
|
16 (1,9)
|
71 (8,5)
|
104 (12,4)
|
76 (9,1)
|
130 (15,5)
|
238 (28,4)
|
444 (52,9)
|
H2 (%)
|
14 (1,7)
|
34 (4,1)
|
25 (3,0)
|
20 (2,4)
|
20 (2,4)
|
113 (13,5)
|
4
(0,5)
|
27
(3,2)
|
15
(1,8)
|
18
(2,1)
|
10
(7,7)
|
74
(8,8)
|
20 (2,4)
|
29 (3,5)
|
64 (7,6)
|
113 (13,5)
|
9 (1,1)
|
21 (2,5)
|
44 (5,2)
|
74 (8,8)
|
H3 (%)
|
8 (1,0)
|
12 (1,4)
|
14 (1,7)
|
8 (1,0)
|
15 (1,8)
|
57 (6,8)
|
5
(0,2)
|
12
(1,4)
|
12
(1,4)
|
10 (1,2)
|
8
(1,0)
|
47 (5,6)
|
1 (0,1)
|
10 (1,2)
|
46 (5,5)
|
57 (6,8)
|
2 (0,2)
|
3 (0,4)
|
42 (5,0)
|
47 (5,6)
|
Total (%)
|
30 (3,6)
|
79 (9,4)
|
67 (8,0)
|
55 (6,6)
|
43 (5,1)
|
274 (32,7)
|
60 (7,2)
|
185 (22,1)
|
127 (15,1)
|
110 (13,1)
|
83 (9,9)
|
565 (67,3)
|
38 (4,5)
|
55 (6,6)
|
181 (21,6)
|
274 (32,7)
|
87 (10,4)
|
154 (18,4)
|
324 (38,6)
|
565 (67,3)
|
χ2 = 15,57, p = 0,05*
|
χ2 = 5,08, p = 0,75
|
χ2 = 14,21, p = 0,01*
|
χ2 = 22,90, p = 0,00*
|
CS1 (%)
|
28 (3,3)
|
63 (7,5)
|
48 (5,7)
|
45 (5,4)
|
35 (4,2)
|
219 (26,1)
|
53 (6,3)
|
173 (20,6)
|
113 (13,5)
|
105 (12,5)
|
68 (8,1)
|
512 (61,0)
|
36 (4,3)
|
35 (4,2)
|
148 (17,6)
|
219 (26,1)
|
83 (9,9)
|
143 (17,0)
|
286 (34,1)
|
512 (61,0)
|
CS2 (%)
|
2 (0,2)
|
16 (1,9)
|
19 (2,3)
|
10 (1,2)
|
8 (1,0)
|
55 (6,6)
|
7 (0,8)
|
12 (1,4)
|
14 (1,7)
|
5 (0,6)
|
15 (1,8)
|
53 (6,3)
|
2 (0,2)
|
20 (2,4)
|
33 (3,9)
|
55 (6,6)
|
4 (0,5)
|
11 (1,3)
|
38 (4,5)
|
53 (6,3)
|
Total (%)
|
30 (3,6)
|
79 (9,4)
|
67 (8,0)
|
55 (6,6)
|
43 (5,1)
|
274 (32,7)
|
60 (7,2)
|
185 (22,1)
|
127 (15,1)
|
110 (13,1)
|
83 (9,9)
|
565 (67,3)
|
38 (4,5)
|
55 (6,6)
|
181 (21,6)
|
274 (32,7)
|
87 (10,4)
|
154 (18,4)
|
324 (38,6)
|
565 (67,3)
|
χ2 = 6,41, p = 0,17
|
χ2 = 13,00, p = 0,01*
|
χ2 = 14,68, p = 0,00*
|
χ2 = 5,35, p = 0,07
|
CF1 (%)
|
-
|
-
|
1 (0,3)
|
-
|
1 (0,3)
|
2 (0,5)
|
-
|
-
|
-
|
-
|
-
|
-
|
-
|
-
|
2 (0,5)
|
2 (0,5)
|
-
|
-
|
-
|
-
|
CF2 (%)
|
8 (2,1)
|
12 (3,1)
|
14 (3,6)
|
8 (2,1)
|
15 (3,9)
|
57 (14,8)
|
5 (1,3)
|
12 (3,1)
|
12 (3,1)
|
10 (2,6)
|
8 (2,1)
|
47 (12,2)
|
1 (0,3)
|
10 (2,6)
|
46 (11,9)
|
57 (14,8)
|
2 (0,5)
|
3 (0,8)
|
42 (10,9)
|
47 (12,2)
|
CF3 (%)
|
-
|
1 (0,3)
|
-
|
-
|
1 (0,3)
|
2 (0,5)
|
-
|
2 (0,5)
|
-
|
-
|
-
|
2 (0,5)
|
-
|
-
|
2 (0,5)
|
2 (0,5)
|
-
|
-
|
2 (0,5)
|
2 (0,5)
|
CF4 (%)
|
-
|
-
|
1 (0,3)
|
-
|
-
|
1 (0,3)
|
1 (0,3)
|
-
|
-
|
-
|
-
|
1 (0,3)
|
-
|
-
|
1 (0,3)
|
1 (0,3)
|
1 (0,3)
|
-
|
-
|
1 (0,3)
|
CF5 (%)
|
30 (7,8)
|
79 (20,5)
|
67 (17,4)
|
55 (14,2)
|
43 (11,1)
|
274 (71,0)
|
-
|
-
|
-
|
-
|
-
|
-
|
38 (9,8)
|
49 (12,7)
|
187 (48,4)
|
274 (71,0)
|
-
|
-
|
-
|
-
|
Total (%)
|
38 (9,8)
|
92 (23,8)
|
83 (21,5)
|
63 (16,3)
|
60 (15,5)
|
336 (87,0)
|
6 (1,6)
|
14 (3,6)
|
12 (3,1)
|
10 (2,6)
|
8 (2,1)
|
50 (13,0)
|
39 (10,1)
|
59 (15,3)
|
238 (61,6)
|
336 (87,0)
|
3 (0,8)
|
3 (0,8)
|
44 (11,4)
|
50 (13,0)
|
χ2 = –, p = –A
|
χ2 = –, p = –A
|
χ2 = –, p = –A
|
χ2 = –, p = –A
|
ET – endodontically treated root, AP – apical periodontits, L1 - 0–2 mm from radiographic apex, L2 - >2 mm from radiographic apex, L3 - overfilling (extrusion of material through the apex), L4 - filling material visible only in pulp chamber, L5 - filled canal of a surgically treated root, H1 - complete obturation (homogenous appearance of the root canal filling), H2 - incomplete obturation (voids and porous appearance of the root canal filling), H3 - lack of the root canal filling, CS1 - adequate (coronal restoration appears intact radiographically), CS2 - inadequate (detectable radiographic signs of overhangs, open margins, recurrent caries, or lost coronal restoration), CF0 – no complications, CF1- root perforation, CF2 - root canal not treated/missed, CF3 - root resorption, CF4 - root/tooth fracture, CF5 - endodontically treated root with radiolucency, χ2 - Pearson’s Chi2 test, * - statistically significant differences, A due to the non-fulfillment of the Pearson’s Chi2 test conditions, the analysis was not performed
Endodontic treatment, ETTI
Endodontically treated roots without AP (22.9%) and roots with AP (9.4%) were most common between the ages of 30 and 39 years. Based on the statistical analysis, significant correlations were found between the results presented in Table 4. The data obtained show that the highest number of endodontically treated teeth affected by AP was found in teeth with root canal filling 0-2 mm from the radiographic apex (L1), incomplete canal obturation (H2) and adequate coronal seal (CS1) in the third decade of life. The lowest number of ET teeth affected by AP was observed in teeth with root canal overfilling (L3) and complete obturation (H1) between the ages of 18 and 29 and over 60 years, and in teeth with lack of the root canal filling (H3) between the ages of 18 and 29 and the 5th decade of life. Among the ET teeth without AP, the most numerous group consisted of teeth with L1 and H1, as well as CS1 in the third decade of life. The most common complication following ET was AP and untreated or missed root canals (CF2).
Molars with L1, H1 and CS1 constituted the most numerous group of ET teeth without AP and those with AP. Complications after ET, i.e. AP and CF2, were also most common in molars.
Table 4. Index of endodontically treated teeth according to the age and teeth group
Age group
|
Teeth group
|
ET
|
Non-ET
|
ET
|
Non-ET
|
|
18–29
|
30–39
|
40–49
|
50–59
|
≥60
|
Total
|
18–29
|
30–39
|
40–49
|
50–59
|
≥60
|
Total
|
Anterior
|
Premolar
|
Molar
|
Total
|
Anterior
|
Premolar
|
Molar
|
Total
|
S1 (%)
|
8 (3,2)
|
27 (10,9)
|
21 (8,5)
|
17 (6,9)
|
16 (6,5)
|
89 (35,9)
|
2 (0,8)
|
4 (1,6)
|
4 (1,6)
|
8 (3,2)
|
8 (3,2)
|
26 (10,5)
|
19 (7,7)
|
20 (8,1)
|
50 (20,2)
|
89 (35,9)
|
13 (5,2)
|
8 (3,2)
|
5 (2,0)
|
26 (10,5)
|
S2 (%)
|
2 (0,8)
|
8 (3,2)
|
5 (2,0)
|
4 (1,6)
|
3 (1,2)
|
22 (8,9)
|
1 (0,4)
|
5 (2,0)
|
3 (1,2)
|
7 (2,8)
|
2 (0,8)
|
18 (7,3)
|
5 (2,0)
|
6 (2,4)
|
11 (4,4)
|
22 (8,9)
|
10 (4,0)
|
7 (2,8)
|
1 (0,4)
|
18 (7,3)
|
S3 (%)
|
9 (3,6)
|
10 (4,0)
|
12 (4,8)
|
7 (2,8)
|
10 (4,0)
|
48 (19,4)
|
7 (2,8)
|
6 (2,4)
|
9 (3,6)
|
9 (3,6)
|
14 (5,6)
|
45 (18,1)
|
14 (5,6)
|
13 (5,2)
|
21 (8,5)
|
48 (19,4)
|
28 (11,3)
|
11 (4,4)
|
6 (2,4)
|
45 (18,1)
|
Total (%)
|
19 (11,7)
|
45 (18,1)
|
38 (15,3)
|
28 (11,3)
|
29 (11,7)
|
159 (64,1)
|
10 (4,0)
|
15 (6,0)
|
16 (6,5)
|
24 (9,7)
|
24 (9,7)
|
89 (35,9)
|
38
(15,3)
|
39
(15,7)
|
82
(33,1)
|
159 (64,1)
|
51 (20,6)
|
26 (10,5)
|
12 (4,8)
|
89 (35,9)
|
χ2 = 5,09, p = 0,75
|
χ2 = 7,41, p = 0,49
|
χ2 = 2,11, p = 0,72
|
χ2 = 2,87, p = 0,58
|
R1 (%)
|
3 (2,9)
|
11 (10,7)
|
6 (5,8)
|
6 (5,8)
|
7 (6,8)
|
33 (32,0)
|
2 (1,9)
|
1 (1,0)
|
3 (2,9)
|
1 (1,0)
|
3 (2,9)
|
10 (9,7)
|
-
|
9 (8,7)
|
24 (23,3)
|
33 (32,0)
|
-
|
6 (5,8)
|
4 (3,9)
|
10 (9,7)
|
R2 (%)
|
5 (4,9)
|
11 (10,7)
|
8 (7,8)
|
12 (11,7)
|
4 (3,9)
|
40 (38,8)
|
3 (2,9)
|
-
|
-
|
2 (1,9)
|
1 (1,0)
|
6 (5,8))
|
-
|
5 (4,9)
|
35 (34,0)
|
40 (38,8)
|
-
|
1 (1,0)
|
5 (4,9)
|
6 (5,8)
|
R3 (%)
|
-
|
2 (1,9)
|
3 (2,9)
|
3 (2,9)
|
-
|
8 (7,8)
|
-
|
1 (1,0)
|
2 (1,9)
|
-
|
2 (1,9)
|
6 (5,8)
|
-
|
1 (1,0)
|
7 (6,8)
|
8 (7,8)
|
-
|
3 (2,9)
|
3 (2,9)
|
6 (5,8)
|
Total (%)
|
8 (7,8)
|
24 (23,3)
|
17 (16,5)
|
21 (20,4)
|
11 (10,7)
|
81 (78,6)
|
5 (4,9)
|
2 (1,9)
|
5 (4,9)
|
3 (2,9)
|
6 (5,8)
|
22 (21,4)
|
-
|
15
(14,6)
|
66
(64,1)
|
81 (78,6)
|
-
|
10 (9,7)
|
12 (11,7)
|
22 (21,4)
|
χ2 = –, p = –
|
χ2 = –, p = –
|
χ2 = 2,83, p = 0,24
|
χ2 = 2,91, p = 0,23
|
D1 (%)
|
16 (6,5)
|
32 (12,9)
|
22 (8,9)
|
23 (9,3)
|
17 (6,9)
|
110 (44,4)
|
7 (2,8)
|
5 (2,0)
|
6 (2,4)
|
16 (6,5)
|
14 (5,6)
|
48 (19,4)
|
26 (10,5)
|
23 (9,3)
|
61 (24,6)
|
110 (44,4)
|
30 (12,1)
|
14 (5,6)
|
4 (1,6)
|
48 (19,4)
|
D2 (%)
|
2 (0,8)
|
7 (2,8)
|
9 (3,6)
|
1 (0,4)
|
1 (0,4)
|
20 (8,1)
|
1 (0,4)
|
4 (1,6)
|
3 (1,2)
|
2 (0,8)
|
2 (0,8)
|
12 (4,8)
|
1 (0,4)
|
7 (2,8)
|
12 (4,8)
|
20 (8,1)
|
3 (1,2)
|
5 (2,0)
|
4 (1,6)
|
12 (4,8)
|
D3 (%)
|
1 (0,4)
|
6 (2,4)
|
7 (2,8)
|
4 (1,6)
|
11 (4,4)
|
29 (11,7)
|
2 (0,8)
|
6 (2,4)
|
7 (2,8)
|
6 (2,4)
|
8 (3,2)
|
29 (11,7)
|
11 (4,4)
|
9 (3,6)
|
9 (3,6)
|
29 (11,7)
|
18 (7,3)
|
7 (2,8)
|
4 (1,6)
|
29 (11,7)
|
Total (%)
|
19 (11,7)
|
45 (18,1)
|
38 (15,3)
|
28 (11,3)
|
29 (11,7)
|
159 (64,1)
|
10 (4,0)
|
15 (6,0)
|
16 (6,5)
|
24 (9,7)
|
24 (9,7)
|
89 (35,9)
|
38
(15,3)
|
39
(15,7)
|
82
(33,1)
|
159 (64,1)
|
51 (20,6)
|
26 (10,5)
|
12 (4,8)
|
89 (35,9)
|
χ2 = 8,34, p = 0,40
|
χ2 = 19,08, p = 0,01*
|
χ2 = 10,33, p = 0,04*
|
χ2 = 7,87, p = 0,96
|
ET - endodontic treatment, S1 - diameter of small well-defined radiolucency up to 3 mm, S2 - diameter of medium well-defined radiolucency 3-5 mm, S3 - diameter of large well-defined radiolucency >5 mm, R1 - radiolucent lesion appears on one root, R2 - radiolucent lesion appears on more than one root, R3 - radiolucent lesion with involvement of furcation, D1 - radiolucency around the root, D2 - radiolucency is in contact with important anatomical structures, D3 - destruction of cortical bone, χ2 - Pearson’s Chi2 test, * - statistically significant differences
Relationship between ETTI and COPI
Statistical analysis showed that significant factors for the occurrence of small periapical lesions (S1) were underfilled root canals (L2) (p = 0.00), teeth treated with the amputation method (L4) (p = 0.00) and inhomogeneous filling in root canal (H2) (p = 0.00). The appearance of a medium-sized periapical lesion (S2) was influenced by filling material visible only in the pulp chamber (L4) (p = 0.00) and incomplete obturation of the root canal (H2) (p = 0.00). The risk of a large periapical lesion greater than 5 mm in diameter (S3) was statistically significantly increased in underfilled root canals (L2) (p = 0. 00), material pushed beyond the radiographic apex (L3) (p = 0.01), root canals treated with the amputation method (L4) (p = 0.03), filled root canals of teeth that underwent microsurgical treatment (L5) (p = 0.01), and voids and porous filling in the root canal lumen (H2) (p = 0.03).
Statistical analysis showed that inadequate coronal sealing in the final restoration (visible filling overhang, marginal gap, secondary caries or lost filling) had a statistically significant effect on the occurrence of small (S1), medium (S2) and large (S3) periapical lesions.
A periapical lesion affecting only one root of a multi-rooted tooth (R1) was influenced by an inhomogeneous filling in the root canal (H2) (p = 0.00) and treatment by the amputation method (L4) (p = 0.01). Periapical lesions affecting more than one root (R2) were more frequent in the absence of root canal filling (H3) (p = 0.00), voids and porous filling in the root canal lumen (H2) (p = 0. 03), whereas the root furcation of teeth (R3) was more frequently affected by inflammatory lesions in teeth treated by the amputation method (L4) (p = 0.00), in the case of inhomogeneous root canal filling (H2) (p = 0.02) and when the root canal filling material was pushed beyond the radiographic apex (L3) (p = 0.03).
Inadequate coronal sealing in the final restoration (visible filling overhang, marginal gap, secondary caries or lost filling) had a significant influence on the occurrence of a periapical lesion affecting only one root of a multi-rooted tooth (R1) (p = 0.01) and the involvement of the root furcation by a periapical lesion (R3) (p = 0.00).
The location of bone destruction only around the roots (D1) and bone destruction in contact with important anatomical structures (D2) were statistically significantly influenced by all deficiencies in ET assessed by the ETTI index. The occurrence of cortical bone destruction (D3) was significantly affected by underfilled root canals (L2) (p = 0.00), canals with material pushed beyond the radiographic apex (L3) (p = 0.00) and filling material visible only in the pulp chamber (L4) (p = 0.00).
Statistical analysis showed that inadequate coronal sealing in the final restoration (visible filling overhang, marginal gap, secondary caries or lost filling) had a significant influence on the location of bone destruction only around the roots (D1), bone destruction in contact with important anatomical structures (D2) and cortical bone destruction (D3) (for D1, D2 and D3 p = 0.00). Detailed results are presented in Table 5.
Table 5. Influence of the quality of endodontic treatment on apical periodontitis
Size of the radiolucent lesion
|
OR
|
Cl
|
p
|
Relationship between root and radiolucent lesion
|
OR
|
Cl
|
p
|
Location of bone destruction
|
OR
|
Cl
|
p
|
S0S1
|
L1
|
L2
|
2,38
|
1,57–3,63
|
0,00*
|
R0R1
|
L1
|
L2
|
1,18
|
0,67–2,06
|
0,57
|
D0D1
|
L1
|
L2
|
1,92
|
1,30–2,84
|
0,00*
|
L3
|
1,49
|
0,68–3,25
|
0,32
|
L3
|
0,38
|
0,09–1,70
|
0,20
|
L3
|
8,67
|
3,14–3,87
|
0,00*
|
L4
|
3,44
|
2,00–5,93
|
0,00*
|
L4
|
2,50
|
1,32–4,74
|
0,01*
|
L4
|
2,99
|
1,80–4,97
|
0,00*
|
H1
|
H2
|
7,01
|
4,51–10,89
|
0,00*
|
H1
|
H2
|
2,67
|
1,46–4,89
|
0,00*
|
H1
|
H2
|
20,27
|
12,70–32,34
|
0,00*
|
H3
|
4,96
|
2,92–8,43
|
0,00*
|
H3
|
3,54
|
1,92–6,54
|
0,00*
|
H3
|
18,98
|
10,95–32,93
|
0,00*
|
S0S2
|
L1
|
L2
|
1,36
|
0,66–2,81
|
0,41
|
R0R2
|
L1
|
L2
|
1,25
|
0,74–2,13
|
0,41
|
D0D2
|
L1
|
L2
|
2,08
|
1,05–4,14
|
0,04*
|
L3
|
0,42
|
0,06–3,23
|
0,41
|
L3
|
1,56
|
0,68–3,57
|
0,29
|
L3
|
-
|
-
|
-
|
L4
|
4,73
|
2,31–9,71
|
0,00*
|
L4
|
2,96
|
1,64–5,38
|
0,00*
|
L4
|
4,35
|
2,00–9,48
|
0,00*
|
H1
|
H2
|
12,88
|
6,16–26,96
|
0,00*
|
H1
|
H2
|
1,90
|
1,06–3,40
|
0,03*
|
H1
|
H2
|
5,79
|
2,85–11,76
|
0,00*
|
H3
|
11,41
|
5,05–25,78
|
0,00*
|
H3
|
2,85
|
1,61–5,07
|
0,00*
|
H3
|
7,82
|
3,53–17,29
|
0,00*
|
S0S3
|
L1
|
L2
|
2,51
|
1,41–4,45
|
0,00*
|
R0R3
|
L1
|
L2
|
1,72
|
0,56–5,27
|
0,34
|
D0D3
|
L1
|
L2
|
4,92
|
2,14–11,31
|
0,00*
|
L3
|
3,25
|
1,42–7,45
|
0,01*
|
L3
|
4,46
|
1,22–16,31
|
0,03*
|
L3
|
2,31
|
0,87–6,12
|
0,09
|
L4
|
2,42
|
1,07–5,47
|
0,03*
|
L4
|
7,18
|
2,17–23,83
|
0,00*
|
L4
|
5,64
|
2,01–15,87
|
0,00*
|
L5
|
62,09
|
2,91–1325,80
|
0,01*
|
L5
|
-
|
-
|
-
|
L5
|
179,74
|
8,06–4006,20
|
0,00*
|
H1
|
H2
|
5,34
|
3,07–9,29
|
0,00*
|
H1
|
H2
|
3,36
|
1,17–9,68
|
0,02*
|
H1
|
H2
|
1,36
|
0,55–3,37
|
0,51
|
H3
|
2,35
|
1,06–5,17
|
0,03*
|
H3
|
4,25
|
1,46–12,35
|
0,01*
|
H3
|
2,04
|
0,75–5,55
|
0,16
|
S0S1
|
CS1
|
CS2
|
2,11
|
1,25–3,55
|
0,01*
|
R0R2
|
CS1
|
CS2
|
2,40
|
1,30–4,43
|
0,01*
|
D0D1
|
CS1
|
CS2
|
2,65
|
1,61–4,36
|
0,00*
|
S0S2
|
CS1
|
CS2
|
5,27
|
2,74–10,13
|
0,00*
|
R0R3
|
CS1
|
CS2
|
1,72
|
0,93–3,16
|
0,08
|
D0D2
|
CS1
|
CS2
|
4,65
|
2,28–9,47
|
0,00*
|
S0S3
|
CS1
|
CS2
|
2,28
|
1,17–4,46
|
0,02*
|
S0S3
|
CS1
|
CS2
|
4,91
|
1,93–12,49
|
0,00*
|
D0D3
|
CS1
|
CS2
|
8,18
|
4,11–16,30
|
0,00*
|
S1 - diameter of small well-defined radiolucency up to 3 mm, S2 - diameter of medium well-defined radiolucency 3-5 mm, S3 - diameter of large well-defined radiolucency >5 mm, R1 - radiolucent lesion appears on one root, R2 - radiolucent lesion appears on more than one root, R3 - radiolucent lesion with involvement of furcation, D1 - radiolucency around the root, D2 - radiolucency is in contact with important anatomical structures, D3 - destruction of cortical bone, L1 - 0–2 mm from radiographic apex, L2 - >2 mm from radiographic apex, L3 - overfilling (extrusion of material through the apex), L4 - filling material visible only in pulp chamber, L5 - filled canal of a surgically treated root, H1 - complete obturation (homogenous appearance of the root canal filling), H2 - incomplete obturation (voids and porous appearance of the root canal filling), H3 - lack of the root canal filling, CS1 - adequate (coronal restoration appears intact radiographically), CS2 - inadequate (detectable radiographic signs of overhangs, open margins, recurrent caries, or lost coronal restoration), CF0 – no complications, CF1- root perforation, CF2 - root canal not treated/missed, CF3 - root resorption, CF4 - root/tooth fracture, CF5 - endodontically treated root with radiolucency, OR – odds ratio, Cl - confidence interval, * - statistically significant differences