In this study those students who said there was dormitory crowdedness were score 3.16 time less grade than those who said there was not dormitory crowdedness (p = 0.011). This study agrees with study done in Ghana which described that study participants who said there was university students dormitory crowdedness (more than 4 students in a single room) were scored 2.10 times less grade than those who said there was not dormitory crowdedness in their campus[6]. On the contrary, study done in India demonstrated that there was not any significant deference in academic performance between participants who said there was dormitory crowdedness and those who said there was not any dormitory crowdedness in their campus [7]. This deference may be due to small sample size included in the study or economical disparity and University standards between the two countries.
Class size is defined as the number of students in a single classroom. Smaller class size increase teacher-student interaction; make students to participate in classroom activities; foster greater interaction among students and helping them understand one another and increase their desire to assist one another [8]. But study done by Adeyela found out large class size was not conductive for serious academic work [9]. In our university, 100 preclinical students were attended anatomy course in a single class. Thus, Study participants who said there was large class size were about two times more likely to score less in anatomy course exam than those who said there was not large class size (p = 0.005). This study was consistence with research reports noted in USA which stated that students in smaller classes scored higher on standardized tests than did those in large classes, smaller classes had fewer behavioral problems and a teacher felt more productive in smaller classes [10]. However, study done in Nigeria demonstrated that no significant relationship among class size and students learning outcomes [8, 11, 12]. In this study, study participants who said classrooms seat, seat arrangement, color of classroom, light, temperature, ventilation, acoustics, site and number of window were not comfortable or inadequate for learning were about one times lower odds of scoring in anatomy course exam than those participants who said the classroom contained the necessary facilities (p = 0.001). This study was in contrast with findings from previous study where they found classroom environment and physical conditions had insignificant influence on academic performance of students [13]. However, study done in Pakistan demonstrated that students attended their class in well equipped class room with physical facilities had a significant positive effect on the academic performance of students than those who attended their class in unequipped class room [1].
Libraries are essential for generating and seeking knowledge, provide place students and faculty members to do research and advanced their knowledge; has roles to collect, process, store, disseminate and utilize information [14]. In our university, there is one separate medical library for both medical and other health science students with limited reference books. In this study, there was no significant difference between participants who said there was no well-equipped library with anatomy reference books and those who said there was well-equipped library with anatomy reference books (p = 0.061). However, research findings showed that those study participants who said there was well-furnished library with adequate reference were got higher grade than those participants who said there was no any easy accessible library [14]. This may be due to variations in utilization of limited library service between the two populations in this study.
Internet is an essential part of our society, which provides easy access to social, political economical and academic information’s across the world without leaving their place of residence. However, there are drawbacks such as impaired academic performance, health problems, personal relationship problems and social dysfunctions when it is used in a wrong and uncontrolled way [15]. In our university, the problems of internet service are limited access, low seed, frequent disruption, low maintenance and low coverage. Thus, students have no access to internet when they need for academic work activities. This study results showed that participants who said there was no internet connection to access books and references were about one times more likely to score less grade than those who said there was an internet connection to access books and references. Similar studies done in Uhanda showed that study participants who said there was internet connection access without limitation were score high grade than those who had no access for internet [16]. Another study done in Ecuador demonstrated that those students who accessed and used internet for academic coursework scored higher as compared to students who did not accessed internet connection [17, 18].
Human teaching models are important tools to teach anatomy course for medical students. This study findings demonstrated that those students participate in the study who said there was no appropriate teaching model were scored 2.63 times less grade than those who said there was enough and appropriate models (p = 0.003).