Barton et al.(11) (2022) | Observational | Musculoskeletal Telehealth | Community | Unfunded | Online | Quality | The study reported potential bias of their results as the participants were forced to use telehealth with no other option of physiotherapy care. |
Brown et al.(12) (2022) | Observational | Sports | Community | Unfunded | Face-to-Face | Delayed | The study reported interruptions to data collection as the COVID-19 pandemic restricted events that would have otherwise led to faster recruitment. |
Cox et al.(13) (2021) | Observational | Telehealth | Community | Unfunded | Face-to-Face | Quality | The study reported that the effectiveness of the brief intervention may have been affected by the initial phases of the COVID-19 pandemic in Australia. |
Crowe et al.(14) (2022) | Observational | Oncology | Hospital | Unfunded | Face-to-Face | Cessation Quality | The study reported an interruption to the referral trend and therefore reduced recruitment, likely due to lack of clinician time during the COVID-19 pandemic. Additionally, it was reported that there was a lack of administrative resources and limitation on hospital appointments associated with the COVID-19 pandemic and therefore the study ceased. |
Dennett et al.(15) (2021) | Intervention | Oncology | Hospital & Community | Funded | Face-to-Face | Quality | The study reported that ten participates did not participate in the sessions as a direct result of COVID-19 restrictions. |
Dixon et al.(16) (2022) | Observational | Multidisciplinary | Hospital | Unfunded | Online | Quality | The study reported that due to the COVID-19 pandemic, the survey was distributed at a time of increased patient acuity, which in turn could have impacted levels of satisfaction, stress, burnout. |
Fernandez et al.(17) (2022) | Observational | Musculoskeletal | Community | Funded | Face-to-Face | Quality | The study reported a negative impact on patient recruitment, follow-up rates and data collection due to the COVID-19 pandemic. |
Freene et al.(18) (2022) | Observational | Multidisciplinary | Community | Funded | Online | Quality | The study reported a negative effect on the implementation of the PA resources as well as a lack of consistency amongst disciplines due to the COVID-19 pandemic. |
Ganderton et al.(19) (2022) | Intervention | Musculoskeletal Telehealth | Community | Funded | Face-to-Face to online | Methodology | The study reported that although the physical assessment was performed face-to-face pre- and post- Melbourne COVID-19 lockdown, the entirety of the intervention needed to be changed to an online format. |
Gidgup et al.(20) (2022) | Observational | Multiple | Community | Funded | Face-to-Face | Delayed Methodology | The study reported a 6-month delay in program delivery due to COVID-19 pandemic restrictions. Additionally, the study observed a reduction in physical function of participants coinciding with the closure of the program during the pandemic. |
Gill et al.(21) (2022) | Observational | Musculoskeletal | Community | Funded | Face-to-Face | Quality | The study reported a loss of follow-up at 6 months (of 25 participants) due to COVID-19 restrictions on social contact. |
Goh et al.(22) (2021) | Intervention | Neurology | Community | Funded | Face-to-Face | Quality | The study reported an inability of two participants to attend in-person testing because of COVID-19 pandemic restrictions. |
Gorgon et al.(23) (2022) | Observational | Musculoskeletal | Hospital | Funded | Face-to-Face | Delayed | The study reported a four-month delay in participant recruitment due to activity restrictions related to the COVID-19 pandemic. |
Hall et al.(24) (2022) | Intervention | Musculoskeletal | Community | Funded | Face-to-Face to self-reports | Methodology Quality | The study reported a change to the original study protocol (from objective measures to self-reported outcome measures) as restrictions from the COVID-19 pandemic negatively impacted recruitment rates and participation. |
Hitch et al.(25) (2022) | Observational | Multidisciplinary | Hospital | Unfunded | Online | Quality | The study reported a negative impact of response rates due to significant workplace fluctuations paired with an inability to track emails during the COVID-19 pandemic, resulting in a smaller and underpowered study. |
Hodgson et al.(26) (2021) | Observational | COVID-19 | Community | Funded | Telephone | Quality | The study reported a greater loss to follow-up than other similar studies and speculated this was due to the psychological distress or stigma associated with a positive COVID-19 diagnosis. |
Holton et al.(27) (2020) | Observational | Multidisciplinary | Hospital | Funded | Online | Quality | The study reported a relatively low response rate that was in keeping with other studies using unsolicited surveys during infectious disease outbreaks. |
Levinger et al.(28) (2020) | Intervention | Geriatrics | Community | Funded | Face-to-Face | Delayed Quality | The study reported an interruption of data collection due to COVID-19 pandemic restrictions. Additionally, the study reported a loss of participants due to an inability to continue using the exercise modality during the pandemic as well as a loss to follow up. |
Levinger et al.(29) (2022) | Observational | Health Services | Community | Unfunded | Face-to-face to online | Methodology | The study reported a change in methodology from in-person to telehealth due to COVID-19 pandemic restrictions. |
Morris et al.(30) (2021) | Intervention | Neurology | Community | Funded | Face-to-face to online | Methodology Quality | The study reported that recruiting for the face-to-face trial had to be temporarily ceased due to COVID-19 pandemic restrictions. Additionally, due to this change, a direct comparison of outcomes between online vs face-to-face modalities were not able to be made. |
O'Sullivan et al.(31) (2022) | Observational | Musculoskeletal | Community | Funded | Online | Delayed | The study reported that due to COVID-19 related delays in research, interviews for the study were conducted 12 months after the feasibility trial concluded (thus potentially impacting recall and feedback accuracy). |
O'Sullivan et al.(32) (2021) | Intervention | Musculoskeletal | Community | Funded | Face-to-Face | Quality | Recruitment was ceased as a result of the COVID-19 pandemic. The study reported a greater loss to follow-up as expected likely due to the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic. |
Paterson et al.(33) (2022) | Intervention | Musculoskeletal | Community | Funded | Face-to-Face | Cessation Quality | The study reported initially halting trial recruitment due to COVID-19 related impact. Due to a prolonged lockdown and grant funding running out, recruitment needed to be ceased entirely. |
Patterson et al.(34) (2022) | Intervention | Sports | Community | Funded | Face-to-Face | Delayed Quality | The study reported needing to cancel workshops and support visits due to COVID-19 related restrictions. The study also reported a potential effect of COVID-19 related restrictions on football participation and injury rates. |
Paykel et al.(35) (2023) | Observational | Multidisciplinary | Hospital | Unfunded | Online | Quality | The study reported a limited survey uptake likely due to a surge of COVID-19 Delta at the time of administration in New South Wales/Victoria. |
Pigott et al.(36) (2021) | Intervention | Oncology | Hospital | Unfunded | Face-to-Face | Cessation Quality | The study reported an initial reduction in recruitment rate, a prematurely ceased recruitment time and an interruption of data collection resulting in an earlier than expected study closure, all due to COVID-19 pandemic restrictions. |
Rowe et al.(37) (2022) | Intervention | Burns | Hospital & Community | Funded | Face-to-Face | Delayed | The study reported a delay of six months due to early COVID-19 pandemic restrictions preventing research in outpatient clinics in the hospital setting in Western Australia. |
Smith et al.(38) (2021) | Observational | Neurology | Community | Unfunded | Face-to-face to online | Methodology Quality | The study reported needing to change interview format from face-to-face to video conferencing due to COVID-19 restrictions. In addition to this, one participant withdrew from the trial due to the COVID-19 pandemic. |
Snowdon et al.(39) (2022) | Observational | Health Services | Hospital & Community | Unfunded | Face-to-face to self-reports | Methodology | The study reported a change to study design as COVID-19 restrictions prevented direct observation of participant activity. The researchers have stated self-reported work sampling may have led to overestimation of productivity. |
Trojman et al.(40) (2022) | Observational | Cardiorespiratory | Hospital | Unfunded | Online | Quality | The study reported the main limitation was the unequal number of responses between countries or continents, and that lower response rates were thought to be due to secondary or tertiary waves of the pandemic resulting in larger caseloads. |
Waterland et al.(41) (2021) | Observational | Oncology Telehealth | Hospital | Funded | Face-to-Face to online | Methodology | The study reported needing to cease face-to-face hospital-based sessions due to COVID-19 pandemic restrictions. |
West et al.(42) (2021) | Observational | Musculoskeletal | Hospital | Funded | Face-to-face to online | Methodology | The study reported needing to change study design during the study (from face-to-face data collection to videoconference) due to COVID-19 related restrictions. |
Withers et al.(43) (2022) | Intervention | Musculoskeletal | Hospital & Community | Funded | Face-to-Face and online | Delayed | The study reported a temporary cessation of the trial in March 2020 and July 2021 due to the COVID-19 pandemic. |
Wynter et al.(44) (2022) | Observational | Multidisciplinary | Hospital | Funded | Online | Quality | The study reported a low response rate in keeping with unsolicited surveys among healthcare workers during infectious disease outbreaks. |
Zhu et al.(45) (2021) | Observational | Health Services | Hospital | Funded | Face-to-Face | Methodology Quality | The study reported a reduction in the ability for the lead investigator to attend physiotherapy department meetings for each hospital due to the COVID-19 pandemic. Additionally, a lower response rate was observed due to the impact on recruitment methods from the COVID-19 pandemic. |