COVID-19 pandemic caused by Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus (SARS-CoV-2) has a major impact on world health and the economy [1, 2]. Over the last two years, the world has been on high COVID-19 alert subsequent to the SARS-CoV-2 outbreak, which has killed more than 6.5 million people. In the first two year, no specialized anti-virus therapy was exists for SARS-CoV-2, and the primary treatment options are supportive treatments, such as conserving vital signs, maintaining oxygen and blood pressure levels, reducing symptoms, convalescent plasma treatment [3]. Reinfection within COVID-19 clades can impact the severity of the disease. Certain mutations might lead to increased transmissibility or altered disease outcomes. This occurrence could be due to the virus evolving and acquiring changes in its genetic makeup, potentially affecting the individual's immunity to the new variant [4, 5] Herbal treatments are traditionally regarded as a means of healing and protecting health. These drugs have become more popular in developing countries because of their ease of availability and inexpensive cost [6]. People across the world, especially in countries like India, China, and Japan, and in some African nations, have used plants as remedies since the ancient era [6, 7]. Even though the efficacy and safety of medications and vaccines have been proven, there are still concerns. As a consequence, many clinical trials involving conventional mono and polyherbal supplements are being conducted in various areas of the world. The herb chamomile, Matricaria chamomilla, has been used as a traditional herbal therapy for hundreds of years to treat a broad range of ailments such as gingivitis, dysmenorrhea, infantile colic, hemorrhoids, indigestion, nausea, sleeplessness, and vaginitis, as well as a number of skin diseases when applied topically [7]. Chamomile is the most commonly used herb in the United States as a calmative or sedative, as well as to treat irritable bowel syndrome. Chamomile, on the other hand, is also used to treat acute respiratory infections, and the molecular docking analysis of this herb claims that it helps control the SARS-CoV-2 infection [8]. Chamomile may be consumed as an herbal tea, and the blooming tops can be cooked and the fumes inhaled as a treatment for the common cold. Inhaling the vapors from boiling chamomile was shown to be effective in one study. [9].
Anise, scientifically referred to as Pimpinella anisum, has an extensive folk medicine heritage, employed for diverse therapeutic uses such as diuretic, expectorant, antispasmodic, stomachic, antibacterial, antifungal, and tranquilizing effects[10, 11]. This herb is detailed in several official pharmacopeias worldwide. Anise is also placed on the US Food and Drug Administration's generally recognized as safe list [12]. The use of anise in traditional medicine prompted several studies to examine its potent antimicrobial activity and the mechanism of action. For instance, it is able to generate bronchodilator effects [13].
Oregano, Origanum vulgare, is a perennial plant found throughout Europe, North Africa [10]. Many Westerners use the plant as a spice in their cooking and as a traditional medicine to heal ailments including colds, coughs, and stomach issues [14].The plant's antibacterial and antioxidant properties explain its usage in traditional medicine [15].. Flavonoids in oregano provide antibacterial action [16]. The antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and antiviral properties of oregano are attributed to its phenolic components, which include flavonoids and phenolic acids [17].
Cinnamon, scientifically known as Cinnamomum verum, serves as a versatile global spice and has a history of use as a traditional homemade remedy[18]. Cinnamon has a mucolytic effect by breaking disulfide bonds in mucins and reducing mucin viscosity. The deep penetration property modulates and clears the thick phlegm that sticks to the respiratory airway. In this manner, the material is ready to be expelled, and the lungs' ducts are opened. This helps to clear and warm the lungs, making breathing easier for those with asthma, shortness of breath, and coughing. It is also beneficial in the treatment of fever and chills [19].
Ginger (Zingiber officinale), a common and widely used spice, is one of the components used in the manufacture of herbal remedies. Ginger's therapeutic properties are mostly attributed to its phenolic components, such as gingerols and shogaols. Ginger has a variety of therapeutic effects, including antibacterial, antiviral, anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, cardiovascular protection, anticancer, and respiratory protection [10, 11].
The objective of this study was to identify supplementary treatment possibilities among the already available medicinal herbs with proven medical effectiveness in inflammatory disease. By combining these herbs and monitoring many prognostic laboratory biomarkers, the efficacy of the therapy will be assessed for COVID-19 patients.