There were 503 nurses finished the qualifying questionnaire in this study, the mean nurse-patient interaction score was 104.30 ± 11.60. The study samples included 492 women and 11 men, 85.1% were less than 40 years old, 75.9% were undergraduate and above. Half participants (54.9%) had serviced less than ten years. The detailed characteristics of participants are summarized in Table 1.
Table 1
Univariate Analysis of Factors Associated witd Nurse- patient Interaction(n = 503).
Variables
|
Categories
|
Number (%)
|
Nurse- patient interaction
|
t
|
P
|
mean ± SD
|
Gender
|
Men
|
11 (2.2)
|
105.18 ± 13.84
|
0.26
|
.798
|
|
Women
|
492 (97.8)
|
104.28 ± 11.57
|
|
|
Age (yrs)
|
< 40
|
428 (85.1)
|
103.71 ± 11.95
|
3.35
|
.001
|
|
≥40
|
75 (14.9)
|
107.61 ± 8.76
|
|
|
Employed years
|
< 10
|
276 (54.9)
|
102.12 ± 12.87
|
4.89
|
< .001
|
|
≥10
|
227 (45.1)
|
106.94 ± 9.21
|
|
|
Education level
|
College and below
|
121 (24.1)
|
102.73 ± 11.94
|
1.67
|
.088
|
|
Undergraduate and above
|
382 (75.9)
|
104.79 ± 11.47
|
|
|
Marital status
|
Single
|
205 (40.8)
|
102.01 ± 12.75
|
3.57
|
< .001
|
|
Married
|
298 (59.2)
|
105.87 ± 10.49
|
|
|
Type of employment
|
Long-term employment
|
333 (66.2)
|
105.20 ± 10.94
|
2.33
|
.015
|
|
Short-term employment
|
170 (33.8)
|
102.54 ± 12.65
|
|
|
Professional
qualifications
|
Primary
|
322 (64.0)
|
102.74 ± 12.65
|
4.50
|
< .001
|
|
Intermediate and senior
|
181 (36.0)
|
107.07 ± 8.83
|
|
|
Monthly income (yuan)
|
< 10000
|
398 (79.1)
|
103.56 ± 11.93
|
3.13
|
.002
|
|
≥10000
|
105 (20.9)
|
107.10 ± 9.82
|
|
|
Having night shift
|
Yes
|
423 (84.1)
|
104.58 ± 11.48
|
1.25
|
.213
|
|
No
|
80 (15.9)
|
102.81 ± 12.22
|
|
|
Leave work on time (within 30 minutes of schedule time)
|
Yes
|
248 (49.3)
|
104.97 ± 11.00
|
1.28
|
.201
|
|
No
|
255 (50.7)
|
103.64 ± 12.14
|
|
|
Note. SD = Standard Deviation.
|
Univariate analysis revealed that nurse-patient interaction was significantly better among nurses witd age ≥40 years ( t = 3.35, P = 0.001), lengtd of service ≥10 years ( t = 4.89, P < 0.001 ), married ( t = 3.57, P < 0.001 ), long-term employment ( t = 2.33, P = 0.015 ), intermediate and senior ( t = 4.50, P < 0.001 ), monthly income ≥10000 yuan ( t = 3.13, P = 0.002 ) (Table 1) .
Table 2 presents correlations among nurse-patient interaction, effort/reward, burnout and job performance. Positive relationships were found between nurse-patient interaction and personal accomplishment (r = 0.34, P < 0.001), nurse-patient interaction and job performance (r = 0.36, P < 0.001). Negative relationships were found between nurse-patient interaction and effort/reward, emotional exhaustion, depersonalization (r = -0.28, P < 0.001; r= -0.31, P < 0 .001; r= -0.43, P < 0.001. respectively) .
Table 2
Pearson Correlation Between Dependent and Independent Variables (n = 503).
Variable
|
Nurse-patient interaction
|
Effort/
Reward
|
Emotional
exhaustion
|
Deperson-
alization
|
Personal accomplishment
|
Job
performance
|
Nurse-patient
interaction
|
1.00
|
|
|
|
|
|
Effort/Reward
|
-0.28
< 0.001
|
1.00
|
|
|
|
|
Emotional
exhaustion
|
-0.31
< 0.001
|
0.70
< 0.001
|
1.00
|
|
|
|
Deperson-
alization
|
-0.43
< 0.001
|
0.51
< 0.001
|
0.65
< 0.001
|
1.00
< 0.001
|
|
|
Personal accomplishment
|
0.34
< 0.001
|
-0.28
< 0.001
|
-0.24
< 0.001
|
-0.38
< 0.001
|
1.00
|
|
Job
performance
|
0.37
< 0.001
|
-0.12
0.006
|
-0.13
0.003
|
-0.27
< 0.001
|
0.33
< 0.001
|
1.00
|
Based on the results of the univariate analysis and pearson correlation analysis, we included variables of age, employed years, type of employment, professional qualifications, monthly income, effort/reward, emotional exhaustion, depersonalization, personal accomplishment, job performance as independent variables. The results of the multivariate linear regression models are presented in Table 3. Multivariate linear regression analysis revealed that depersonalization (β= -0.60, P < 0.001, 95%CI: -0.87, -0.34) were negatively associated witd nurse-patient interaction, while personal accomplishment (β = 0.17, P = 0.002, 95%CI: 0.06, 0.28) and job performance (β = 0.22, P < 0.001, 95%CI: 0.14, 0.31) were positive related to nurse-patient interaction after adjustment for confounding factors.
Table 3
Multivariate Linear Regression Models for Nurse-Patient Interaction(n = 503).
Variables
|
Nurse-patient interaction
|
|
β
|
SE
|
[95%CI]
|
P
|
Age (yrs)
< 40 vs.≥40
|
0.13
|
1.45
|
[-2.72, 2.98]
|
0.930
|
Employed years
< 10 vs.≥10
|
2.05
|
1.46
|
[-0.82, 4.92]
|
0.161
|
Type of employment
Long-term employment
vs.short-term employment
|
− .21
|
1.07
|
[-2.32, 1.90]
|
0.844
|
Professional qualifications
Primary vs.Intermediate
and senior
|
0.88
|
1.50
|
[-2.07, 3.84]
|
0.557
|
Monthly income (yuan)
< 10000 vs.≥10000
|
0.71
|
1.23
|
[-1.71, 3.13]
|
0.564
|
Effort/Reward
|
-2.72
|
2.46
|
[-7.56, 2.11]
|
0.269
|
Emotional exhaustion
|
-0.07
|
0.07
|
[-0.22, 0.08]
|
0.351
|
Depersonalization
|
-0.60
|
0.14
|
[-0.87, -0.34]
|
< 0.001
|
Personal accomplishment
|
0.17
|
0.06
|
[0.06, 0.28]
|
0.002
|
Job performance
|
0.22
|
0.04
|
[0.14, 0.31]
|
< 0.001
|