We have established the key determinants of cardiometabolic syndrome in this area as daily physical activity for more than 30 minutes and body mass index of 24 or higher. The study revealed that daily physical activity of more than 30 minutes (aOR = 0.70; 95%CI: 0.46–0.91, p = 0.003) was protective for cardiometabolic syndrome while BMI more than 24 kg/m2 (aOR = 4.25; 95%CI: 1.17–5.59, p = 0.001) was significantly associated with high odds for cardiometabolic syndrome (p < 0.05).
By comparing patients who engaged in daily physical activity for more than 30 minutes to those who engaged in less than that, the researchers were able to determine that daily physical activity was a key determinant for cardiometabolic syndrome among patients attending the medical outpatient clinic at FRRH. The current study results showed that patients who performed activity daily for more than 30 minutes were 0.7 times less the odds of suffering metabolic syndrome compared to those who performed less than 30 minutes of daily physical activity. These findings were consistent with earlier research conducted by Morgan and colleagues in New York in 2021, Masyuko et al. in Kenya in 2020, and Ala, Adelin, and Michèle in France in 2014. Indeed, numerous studies have shown that physical activity is inversely related to the development of metabolic syndrome, for example, in those who engage in sedentary activities for extended periods of time. This has been suggested to be due in part, among other things, to a decrease in energy expenditure and an increase in calorie intake. Nonetheless, a study done by Omech et al. (2016) found that exercising showed a protective impact against metabolic syndrome, but was not statistically significant (Omech et al., 2016). According to a study by Hellénius et al., 2020, there are a variety of processes underlying the preventative effects of physical activity. These mechanisms are not yet completely understood, but they include a favorable impact on the metabolism of lipoproteins. Exercise boosts lipoprotein lipase activity, increases blood flow to muscles and adipose tissue, lowers triglyceride levels, and raises HDL levels. Increased physical activity has a favorable impact on LDL particle size and sensitivity to oxidation. It has been demonstrated that exercise has antihypertensive advantages. Peripheral insulin sensitivity and glucose tolerance are enhanced. Exercise reduces body weight and abdominal fat. Hemostasis and thrombogenesis are also positively influenced. It has been shown that there is an impact on endothelial function, IGFBP-1, and inflammatory markers. Because it has so many advantages, increasing physical activity is a smart way to treat and prevent metabolic syndrome.
According to this study, individuals who had a body mass index of 24 or higher were more than four times as likely to develop cardiometabolic syndrome as those with normal BMI (18 to 24 kg/m2). This finding was consistent with that of Samrawit and Wudeneh, (2019) in Ethiopia (1), and Omech and colleagues (2016) in Botswana (9). Also a 300-patient (150 men and 150 women) research at the King Fahad Armed Forces Hospital in Jeddah, Saudi Arabia, found that obesity was a significant risk factor for cardiometabolic syndrome according to Adult Treatment Panel III criteria, whereas only aging and positive family history of diabetes mellitus were according to International Diabetes Federation criteria (10). Samrawit and Wudeneh, (2019) also showed that being overweight was associated with metabolic syndrome (1). Kirk and Klein (11) notes a link between body mass index and metabolic abnormalities including insulin resistance and dyslipidemia, which can then result in diseases like diabetes, hypertension, and atherosclerotic disease. Furthermore, it is becoming more widely accepted that the development of diseases is not directly related to obesity as defined by BMI, but rather to increased body fat, its distribution within the body, particularly central body obesity, and dysfunction of the body fat within these deposits, known as "sick fat" or adiposopathy. An essential factor in the metabolic consequences of obesity in central obesity is the growth in visceral adipose tissue.