Spatial pattern and variability of sea surface temperature SST and its influence on seasonal rainfall variation in the Gulf of Guinea (GOG) was examined in this study. SST data of 50 years (1970–2022) from ERA5 and NOAA CPC at 0.250 x 0.250 and 0.50 x 0.50 resolution was obtained from specific locations namely longitudes 20 °W and 10 °E and latitudes 15 °N and 2 °N. Twelve rainfall gridded stations distributed throughout Gulf of Guinea (GoG) were used to characterize the Rainfall-SST variability across the region. To investigate the relationship between the rainfall anomalies in GoG on seasonal, inter-annual and decadal scales, cross correlation analyses and composites were used. IDW from the ArcGIS Spatial Analyst Tool, Ferret and CDO were used to obtain the seasonal and decadal rainfall and SST maps and statistical analysis over the region of study. The result of the decadal analysis of SST variability from 1970–1980,1980–1990, 1990–2000,2000–2010,2010–2020 and 2022 indicate that SST was highest during the period of 2010–2020 at 28.91oC and fluctuated between 1970–1980 (28.49oC) and 1980–1990 (28.08OC) While the seasonal pattern of SST showed marked variability with March-April and May recording 29.34oC(MAM) and the lowest been in June-July-August(JJA) at 28.71oC. In terms of decadal analysis of rainfall, the period 2010–2020 recorded the highest amount of rainfall along the coast (3,145.5mm-3,928.3mm while 1970–1980 recorded the lowest amount of rainfall (2,650-3.310mm. To assess the teleconnection between of SST and precipitation dynamics, SST values were plotted against seasonal rainfall in nine stations namely Abijan ,Accra, Guinea, Conakry, Doula, Freetown, Lagos, Lome and Monrovia showed positive correlation except Doula. The spatial pattern of seasonal rainfall climatology categorized in to DJF,MAM, JJA and SON reveals that JJA and SON produced 80% of rainfall in the Coastal GOG followed by MAM. The study affirmed that warm and cold tongue exist in the GOG alongside positive teleconnection and that the spatial variability of SST observed in this study corresponds positively with the decadal and seasonal variability of rainfall