1Zhao et al.2022[19] | RCT | Severe COPD,65.2 years, (17/2) | NMES | SHAM | NMES (n = 57), SHAM (n = 58) | 6MWT, mMRC, FEV1, FVC, FEV1/FVC | (1)6MWT distance increased 29.07 m (P < 0.001); (2) No effect on mMRC (p = 0.526); (3) FEV1, FEV1% predicted, and FEV1/FVC levels were improved (P < 0.05). | Without negative effects | A |
2Péran et al.2022[15] | RCT | Severe to very severe COPD,65.2(61/39) | NMES + PR | PR | NMES + PR (n = 49), PR(n = 51) | 6MWT, 1STST, QMVC, HRQoL, and dyspnoea | (1) No effect on 6MWT,1STST,QMVC and HRQoL (P༞0.05); (2) Improved dyspnoea (p = 0.027). | Not reported | A |
3Lopez-Lopez et al .202124 | RCT | Severe COPD, 70.1 years,(NI/NI) | NMES + MT | MT | NMES (n = 17), MT (n = 16) | QMVC, 5STS, adverse events, dyspnoea | (1) QMVC,5STS improved significantly in two group (p < 0 .001 ); (2) dyspnoea improved significantly in two groups (p = 0.037). | Without negative effects | B |
4Lopez-Lopez et al 2020[24] | RCT | Severe COPD,71.2 years,(NI/NI) | NMES + MT | MT | NMES + MT (n = 22), MT(n = 22) | FEV1, Handgrip strength(N), 5STS(sec), Borg, HRQoL, Dyspnoea | (1) Significant improvement in 5STS (sec), dyspnoea, general functionality (p < 0.05); (2) No effect on FEV1, Handgrip strength, Borg, HRQoL (P༞0.05). | Not reported | B |
5Valenza et al. 2018[16] | RCT | Severe COPD,69 years, (23/13) | NMES + PR | MT | NMES + PR(n = 18), MT(n = 18) | 6MWT, 5STS, LCADL | (1) 6MWT distance significantly increased ( p = 0.033); (2) (2) LCADL score significantly reduced ( p = 0.037) ; (3)No effect on 5STS(P ༞ 0.05). | Not reported | B |
6 Péran et al.2018[17] | RCT | Severe to very severe COPD, 63.3 years,( 6/5) | PR + QDCNMES | PR + QDC and triceps surae NMES | PR(n = 5), QT(PR + NMES) n = 6 | MVC, 6MWT, mMRC | No differences between groups were observed. | Without negative effects | B |
7 Bonnevie et al. 2018[9] | RCT | Very severe COPD, 59.2 years,(44/7) | PR + NMES | PR | PR + NMES (n = 27), PR (n = 24) | 6MWT, VO2 max, SGRQ | (1) No effect on 6MWT distance( P=0.73 ); (2) No effect on VO2 max ( P=0.37 ); (3) No effect on SGRQ ( P= 0.72). | Leg discomfort | B |
8 Maddocks et al. 2016[25] | RCT | Severe COPD, 69.5 years,(21 /31) | NMES | SHAM | SHAM (n = 27), NMES (n = 25) | 6MWT, QMVC, SGRQ, CRQ | (1) 6MWT distance significantly increased (p = 0.005); (3) QMVC significantly improved (p = 0.028); (3) No effect on SGRQ (p = 0.78); (4) No effect on CRQ(p = 0.77). | Two participants developed persistent erythema | A |
9 Sillen et al.2014[26] | RCT | Severe COPD, 66 years, (14/10) | HF-NMES | Strength Training | HF-NMES (n = 33), Strength training (n = 29) | 6MWT, SGRQ, QDC, dyspnoea | (1) No effect on 6MWT(P༞0.05); (2) No effect on SGRQ(P༞0.05); (3) No effect on Quadriceps strength (P༞0.05); (4) No effect on Dyspnoea (P༞0.11). | Without negative effects | B |
10 Akinlabi et al. 201319 | RCT | Severe COPD, 76 years, (5/5) | NMES + EXT | EXT | (EXT) (n = 5) , EXT + NMES (n = 5) | SGRQ, 6MWT, LCADL | (1) No effect on 6MWT(P=0.22); (2) No effect on SGRQ(P=0.75); (3) No effect on LCADL(P=0.016). | Not reported | B |
11 Vivodtzev et al. 201228 | RCT | Severe COPD,69 years, (13/7) | Home base NMES | SHAM | NMES (n = 12), SHAM (n = 8) | QMVC, ESWT | (1) QMVC significantly increased (P༜0.03); (2) Walking distance in ESWT significantly increased (P༜0.05). | Discomfort | B |
12 Abdellaoui et al 2011[20] | RCT | Severe COPD,63 years, (13/2) | NMES | SHAM | SHAM (n = 6), NMES (n = 7) | QMVC, 6MWT, MRC | (1) QMVC significantly increased (p = 0.02); (2) 6MWT significantly increased (p = 0.008); (3) No effect on MRC ( P = 0.92). | Without negative effects | B |
13 Vivodtzev et al. 2006 29 | RCT | Severe COPD ,63.5 years,(13/2) | NMES + UR | UR | NMES + UR(n = 9), UR(n = 8) | QMVC, Dyspnoea, MRF-28, 6MWT | (1) QMVC significantly increased(p = 0.03); (2) No effect on dyspnoea( p = 0.05); (3) No effect on MRF-28(p = 0.06); (4) No effect on 6MWT( p = 0.12). | Not reported | B |
14 Neder et al. 200223 | RCT | Severe COPD, 65.8 years,(13/2) | NMES | UR | NMES (n = 9), UR(n = 9) | HRQoL, VO2 max, QMVC | (1) QMVC significantly increased (p < 0.05); (2) VO2 max significantly increased (p < 0.05); (3) (3) HRQoL score improved (p < 0.05). | Not reported | B |
15Bourjeily-Habr et al.200222 | RCT | Severe COPD,60 years, (10/8) | NMES | Control | NMES (n = 9), control (n = 9) | QMVC, SWT, VO2, FEV1, FVC, FEV1/FVC | (1) QMVC significantly increased (p = 0.046); (2) SWT significantly increased (p = 0.007); (3) No effect on dyspnoea VO2, FEV1, FVC, FEV1/FVC (P ༞ 0.05). | Muscle cramps, paraesthesia | B |