Virus Accumulation Center: This theory can be proved by citing the theory of the crime center. Generally, The extent to which crimes have accumulated is called the crime scene. John, EK and his colleagues believe: Researchers use the term in a variety of ways. A group like Sherman, Gartin and Berger, criminal addresses, and some, such as Taylor, Burr, and Green, call it a neighborhood or a collection of crime blocks. In addition, neighborhoods or complexes with high levels of crime or delinquency are monitored and try to relate this situation to social conditions (EK et al., 2011: 18).
So it can be said that public places such as subways, means of transportation, restaurants, cinemas, clubs and schools and universities, etc. are places where a large number of people gather. Therefore, the number of people infected with the virus in these places is increasing. Even if one person is infected, it can infect 20 people, and this chain continues, creating a virus-gathering center. Therefore, these gathering centers should be considered and further examined by the authorities. According to Sherman, given which areas are in the hands of criminal groups (infected) and which areas are not, the implementation plan in the analytical unit varies, security measures at different levels have different spatial accuracy. Because it is generally in large areas (Sherman, 1989: 58). The situation is more difficult.
-Logical Selection Theory
This theory was put forward by Corinthians and Clark in 1993. This theory is more important for security officials in countries. Here we can cite this theory: "Given that some people infected with the Covid 19 virus decide to be in the community without knowing their disease or even knowing their disease, this is a wrong decision and an irrational choice." In this view, it is assumed that the perpetrator (sufferer) makes a completely logical and wise decision, and for this purpose, he fully thinks about the type of passivity, time, attractions and facilities of the place to perform the action. The absence of a guard, the possibility of quick access and escape from the crime scene, the existence of criminal targets are opportunities that increase the likelihood of wrongdoing. Therefore, logically, the existence of more opportunities in one place increases and decreases these opportunities, reduces the amount of error action (Pour Gholami and Sarvandani, 2018: 5; quoted by Lokayito, 1998: 6). Thus, security schemes make it difficult for criminals to commit crimes and commit illegal acts, and as a result of these schemes, individuals face difficulties and insecurities in performing their actions. Thus, the theory of rational choice is valid for both the patient and the health advocate; that is, when, in what area, or in what practice, it is more successful, and the plan is more successful. According to Guterres, the outbreak of the coronavirus in Wuhan, China, and its transformation into a global epidemic has been the worst global crisis since the founding of the United Nations in 1945.
Corona is the worst crisis in the world because it threatens all the peoples of the world and has led to a recession that has not been seen in the last 75 years.
In addition to these two reasons, as well as the risk of widespread unrest, rising violence and growing conflict, we believe that Corona is the worst crisis we have faced since World War II. Ending this crisis requires the solidarity of all human beings and the elimination of differences.( From the United Nations)
Stuart (1971) lists four types of collective action:
1- A commotion caused by a group of people and its purpose is often sabotage.
2- Behavioral chaos full of anger of a group that has little organization.
3- Social fear of collective behavior that arises due to the feeling of danger.
4. Collective hysteria is a type of collective action that occurs when a group of people lose control and behave unreasonably (Stewart, 1971).
It's worth noting that sometimes people may get tired of the situation and protest.
Taylor (2000) believes that the most important reason for the violation of social norms by the protesting community is the cause of infection (Taylor, 2000).
However, conditions in some countries may be such that people feel deprived in epidemic conditions. Several factors make you feel deprived:
1- Unfulfilled promises of government officials
2. Creating high expectations in citizens
3- Not providing the conditions for meeting the needs
Therefore, what causes collective action is not absolute deprivation and failure, but relative deprivation (Berkoitz, 1993).
In difficult circumstances, there are various indicators and components for estimating maps and solutions, and how successful we have been in dealing with the crisis. As: Motivational needs (success, strength, and acceptance), resilience, coping strategy (from the conflict resolution model), and integration complexity and scoring systems (Mcclhand & Koestner, 1992). Springens claims that the thinking of thinkers of each era is strongly influenced by and responds to problems and crises. They try to provide a comprehensive picture and a relative understanding of politics. Thomas Springs' theory of Bahrain has four stages.
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Witnessing disorder and crisis.
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Diagnosis of causes and rooting of problems.
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Order and imagination; reconstruction of society.
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Provide solutions and treatments.