This paper introduces a high-performance thixotropic slurry for filling subterranean voids such as mine goaves, formulated from construction and demolition waste. Indoor tests were conducted to identify optimal agent ratios and a maximum 15-minute mixing time. A new rheological model was established to describe the slurry's behavior accurately and to consider the hysteresis loop during the increase and decrease in the shear process. Slurry’s supporting capacity became evident after 60 h of curing. The slurry's strength exceeded 2 MPa at 28 days, satisfying filling requirements. An environment-economic integrated evaluation study indicates that this slurry offers both environmental and economic benefits.