The current study introduces a conceptual socio-hydrological based framework for water-energy-food (WEF) nexus. The proposed conceptual framework aims to investigate how farmers' dynamic agricultural activities under different socio-economic conditions affect the WEF systems. The WEF nexus model has been integrated with an Agent-Based Model, reflecting the farmers’ agricultural activities. Furthermore, the agent-based model benefits from Association Rule Mining to define farmer agents’ agricultural decision-making in various conditions. The processes within the WEF nexus are simultaneously physical, socio-economic, ecological, and political. Indeed, there are interrelated interactions among the mentioned processes in ways that have not yet properly delineated, mapped, or even perceived. Thus, for obtaining sustainable outcomes, the current study attempts to investigate trade-offs among natural resources and social systems in the WEF nexus approach. The proposed framework may provide more in-depth future insights for policy-makers through capturing bidirectional feedbacks among farmers and WEF systems. Furthermore, the proposed socio-hydrological WEF nexus framework can be adapted and applied to various societies and environments to provide more in-depth future insights for policy-makers through capturing bidirectional feedbacks among farmers and WEF systems.