Alpha (B.1.1.7) | E484K | Associated with increased transmissibility |
N501Y | Associated with increased transmissibility |
Beta (B.1.351) | E484K | Potential reduced neutralization by antibodies and vaccines |
K417N | Enhance the ability of the virus to attach to human cells |
N501Y | Associated with increase transmissibility |
Gamma (P.1) | E484K | Increased transmissibility and potential immune escape. |
K417T | Linked to potential immune escape |
N501Y | Associated with increase transmissibility |
Delta (B.1.617.2) | L452R | Associated with increased transmissibility |
T478K | Impact immune recognition and neutralization |
Epsilon (B.1.427 and B.1.429) | L452R | Research on clinical impact ongoing |
Zeta (P.2) | E484K | Linked to potential immune escape |
Eta (B.1.525) | E484K | Associated with potential immune escape |
Iota (B.1.526) | E484K | Reduce the effectiveness of neutralizing antibodies |
S477N | Impact on immune response and vaccine effectiveness |
Kappa (B.1.617.1) | E484Q | Impact on immune response and vaccine effectiveness |
Lambda (C.37) | L452Q | Impact on immune response and vaccine effectiveness |
Mu (B.1.621) | E484K | Impact on immune response and vaccine effectiveness |
R346K | Potential impact on immune recognition and neutralization |
Omicron (B.1.1.529) - BA.1 | N501Y | Associated with increase transmissibility |
Y505H | Associated with increase transmissibility |
E484A | Reduced vaccine effectiveness |
K417N | Reduced vaccine effectiveness |
S477N | Immune escape, and vaccine effectiveness |
T478K | Potential immune escape |
Q493R | Vaccine effectiveness, and antibody recognition |
G496S | Vaccine effectiveness, and antibody recognition |
Q498R | Immune escape, and vaccine effectiveness |
N501Y | Associated with potential immune escape |
P681H | Influence the virus's behavior and characteristics |
H655Y | Potential implications for virus-host interactions |
D614G | Increased transmissibility |
Omicron (B.1.1.529) - BA.2 | K417N | Reduced vaccine effectiveness. |
N440K | Associated with increase transmissibility |
S477N | Immune escape, and vaccine effectiveness |
T478K | Potential immune escape |
E484A | Reduced vaccine effectiveness |
Q493R | Vaccine effectiveness, and antibody recognition |
Q498R | Immune escape, and vaccine effectiveness |
N501Y | Associated with potential immune escape |
Y505H | Associated with increase transmissibility |
Omicron BA.2.12.1 | K417N | Reduced vaccine effectiveness |
N440K | Associated with increase transmissibility |
S477N | Immune escape, and vaccine effectiveness |
T478K | Potential immune escape |
E484A | Reduced vaccine effectiveness |
Q493R | Vaccine effectiveness, and antibody recognition |
Q498R | Immune escape, and vaccine effectiveness |
N501Y | Associated with potential immune escape |
Y505H | Immune escape, and vaccine effectiveness |
Omicron BA.2.75 | K417N | Reduced vaccine effectiveness |
N440K | Associated with increase transmissibility |
L452Q | Immune escape, and vaccine effectiveness |
S477N | Potential immune escape |
T478K | Reduced vaccine effectiveness |
E484A | Vaccine effectiveness, and antibody recognition |
Q493R | Immune escape, and vaccine effectiveness |
Q498R | Associated with potential immune escape |
N501Y | Associated with increase transmissibility |
Y505H | Reduced vaccine effectiveness. |
Omicron BA.4 | K417N | Reduced vaccine effectiveness. |
N440K | Associated with increase transmissibility |
L452Q | Immune escape, and vaccine effectiveness |
S477N | Potential immune escape |
T478K | Reduced vaccine effectiveness |
E484A | Vaccine effectiveness, and antibody recognition |
Q493R | Immune escape, and vaccine effectiveness |
Q498R | Associated with potential immune escape |
N501Y | Associated with increase transmissibility |
Y505H | Reduced vaccine effectiveness |
Omicron BA.5 | K417N | Reduced vaccine effectiveness |
N440K | Associated with increase transmissibility |
L452Q | Immune escape, and vaccine effectiveness |
S477N | Potential immune escape |
T478K | Reduced vaccine effectiveness |
E484A | Vaccine effectiveness, and antibody recognition |
Q493R | Immune escape, and vaccine effectiveness |
Q498R | Associated with potential immune escape |
N501Y | Associated with increase transmissibility |
Y505H | Reduced vaccine effectiveness |
Omicron BQ.1.1 | K417N | Reduced vaccine effectiveness |
N440K | Associated with increase transmissibility |
L452Q | Immune escape, and vaccine effectiveness |
S477N | Potential immune escape |
T478K | Reduced vaccine effectiveness |
E484A | Vaccine effectiveness, and antibody recognition |
Q493R | Immune escape, and vaccine effectiveness |
Q498R | Associated with potential immune escape |
N501Y | Associated with increase transmissibility |
Y505H | Reduced vaccine effectiveness |
Omicron EG.5.1 | K417N | Reduced vaccine effectiveness |
N440K | Associated with increase transmissibility |
L452Q | Immune escape, and vaccine effectiveness |
S477N | Potential immune escape |
T478K | Reduced vaccine effectiveness |
E484A | Vaccine effectiveness, and antibody recognition |
Q493R | Immune escape, and vaccine effectiveness |
Q498R | Associated with potential immune escape |
N501Y | Associated with increase transmissibility |
Y505H | Reduced vaccine effectiveness |
Q52H | Recent mutation: On going research |
F456L | Recent mutation: On going research |
Omicron XBB.1.5 | K417N | Reduced vaccine effectiveness |
N440K | Associated with increase transmissibility |
L452Q | Immune escape, and vaccine effectiveness |
S477N | Potential immune escape |
T478K | Reduced vaccine effectiveness |
E484A | Vaccine effectiveness, and antibody recognition |
Q493R | Immune escape, and vaccine effectiveness |
Q498R | Associated with potential immune escape |
N501Y | Associated with increase transmissibility |
Y505H | Reduced vaccine effectiveness |