The anticipated surge in urban populations, an additional 2.5 billion people until 2050, presents environmental challenges affecting both local ecosystems and the global environment. While various studies explore these impacts individually, integrated approaches are scarce. This study introduces a spatially explicit model to assess the impact of urbanization on both ecosystem services provisioning (green infrastructure availability, cooling, stormwater retention), and the global environmental impact associated with building construction (primary material demand, greenhouse gas emissions, land use). Applied to the Netherlands from 2018 to 2050, our results reveal that despite a growing building stock, integrating green infrastructure development with building construction could expand green areas by up to 5%, resulting in stabilization or an increase in ecosystem service provision. We found that the preference for dense or sparse urbanization depends on the sustainability aspect under study and the scale and scope of analysis. The findings improve our understanding of the environmental consequences of urbanization, guiding sustainable urban planning practices.