Table 1A: Characteristics of study population
|
Total
N=338 (%) a
|
Male
N=179 (%) a
|
Female
N=159 (%) a
|
Demographic characteristics
Age at study, years, median [IQR]
< 30
30–39
≥ 40
Married, yes
Children, yes
Employment, yes
|
34 [26–41]
121 (36)
121 (36)
96 (28)
122 (36)
103 (30)
280 (83)
|
34 [27–42]
59 (33)
66 (37)
54 (30)
66 (37)
53 (30)
162 (91)
|
34 [24–40]
62 (39)
55 (35)
42 (26)
56 (35)
50 (31)
118 (74)
|
Lifestyle characteristics and chronic diseases
Smoking
Never
Former
Current
Body mass index, kg/m2, median [IQR]b
Underweight
Normal weight
Overweight
Obese
Waist-hip ratioc
No abdominal obesity
Abdominal obesity present
Dyslipidemia, yesd
Hypertension, yesd
Diabetes, yesd
|
221 (65)
46 (14)
71 (21)
24.0 [21.5–27.1]
16 (5)
180 (53)
109 (32)
33 (10)
0.9 [0.8–0.9]
208 (62)
130 (38)
23 (7)
36 (11)
9 (3)
|
114 (64)
25 (14)
40 (22)
24.7 [22.2–27.5]
4 (2)
91 (51)
68 (38)
16 (9)
0.9 [0.8–1.0]
100 (56)
79 (44)
15 (8)
18 (10)
4 (2)
|
107 (67)
21 (13)
31 (20)
23.2 [21.0–26.6]
12 (8)
89 (56)
41 (26)
17 (11)
0.8 [0.8–0.9]
108 (68)
51 (32)
8 (5)
18 (11)
5 (3)
|
Abbr.: N, number; IQR, interquartile range
a Column percentages
b Body mass index was classified as underweight (<18.5kg/m2), normal weight (≥18.5 - <25kg/m2), overweight (≥25 -<30kg/m2), and obese (≥30kg/m2) (27).
c Abdominal obesity was defined according to WHO cut-off point as waist-hip ratio ≥0.90 in men and ≥0.85 in women (28).
d As reported by survivors during standardized interview or found in their medical records.
Table 1B: Clinical characteristics of study population
|
Total
N=338 (%) a
|
Male
N=182 (%) a
|
Female
N=162 (%) a
|
Age at diagnosis, years, median [IQR]
Time since diagnosis, years, median [IQR]
ICCC-3 cancer diagnoses
I Leukemias
II Lymphomas
III Central nervous system tumors
IV Neuroblastoma
V Retinoblastoma
VI Renal tumors
VII Hepatic tumors
VIII Malignant bone tumors
IX Soft tissue sarcomas
X Germ cell tumors
XI-XII Other tumors
Total IV-XII
Relapse, yes
Second primary neoplasia, yes
Hematopoietic stem cell transplantation, yes
Anthracyclines, yes
Cumulative anthracyclines, mg/m2, median [IQR]b
> 0 and < 250 mg/m2
≥ 250 mg/m2
Cyclophosphamide, yes
Cumulative cyclophosphamide, g/m2, median [IQR]
> 0 and < 4 g/m2
≥ 4 g/m2
Cisplatin, yes
Cumulative cisplatin, mg/m2, median [IQR]
> 0 and <390 mg/m2
≥ 390 mg/m2
Asparaginase, yes
Vincristine, yes
Cranial RT, yes
Cumulative cranial RT, Gy, median [IQR]c
> 0 and < 35 Gy
≥ 35 Gy
Heart-relevant RT, yesd
Cumulative heart-relevant RT, Gy, median [IQR]d
> 0 and < 15 Gy
≥ 15 and < 35 Gy
≥ 35 Gy
|
6 [3–12]
27 [20–34]
141 (42)
74 (22)
18 (5)
11 (3)
3 (1)
28 (8)
4 (1)
15 (4)
21 (6)
6 (2)
17 (5)
105 (31)
41 (12)
25 (7)
26 (8)
219 (65)
159 [120–250]
164 (49)
55 (16)
193 (57)
4 [3–6.3]
90 (27)
103 (30)
31 (9)
385 [360–480]
16 (5)
15 (4)
66 (20)
226 (67)
66 (20)
24 [12–45]
41 (12)
25 (7)
91 (27)
24 [15–36]
20 (6)
46 (17)
25 (7)
|
6 [2–12]
29 [21–34]
62 (35)
48 (27)
13 (7)
8 (4)
2 (1)
12 (7)
3 (2)
7 (4)
10 (6)
3 (2)
11 (6)
56 (31)
23 (13)
15 (8)
16 (9)
115 (64)
151 [120–233]
89 (50)
26 (15)
106 (59)
4 [3–5.6]
54 (30)
52 (29)
21 (12)
390 [360–480]
10 (6)
11 (6)
30 (17)
109 (61)
38 (21)
24 [12–50]
23 (13)
15 (8)
51 (28)
26 [18–36]
10 (6)
24 (13)
17 (10)
|
6 [3–11]
26 [19–34]
79 (50)
26 (16)
5 (3)
3 (2)
1 (1)
16 (10)
1 (1)
8 (5)
11 (7)
3 (2)
6 (4)
49 (31)
18 (11)
10 (6)
10 (6)
104 (65)
160 [122–260]
75 (47)
29 (18)
87 (55)
4.2 [2.6–6.8]
36 (23)
51 (32)
10 (6)
383 [360–480]
6 (4)
4 (3)
36 (23)
117 (74)
28 (18)
24 [12–43]
18 (11)
10 (6)
40 (25)
22 [14–30]
10 (6)
22 (13)
8 (5)
|
Abbr.: N, number; IQR, interquartile range; ICCC3, International Classification of Childhood Cancer 3rd edition; RT, radiotherapy
a Column percentages
b Doxorubicin-equivalent doses calculated according to the COG Guidelines Version 5.0 (26).
c Including survivors who received total body irradiation.
d According to the COG Guidelines Version 5.0 (chest, abdomen, whole or thoracic spine, total body irradiation) (26).
Table 2: Association between risk factors (body mass index, cisplatin, cranial radiotherapy, and heart-relevant radiotherapy) and lower body muscular strength and endurance (1-min STS) among adult childhood cancer survivors (N=334) retrieved from multivariable linear model.
|
Be
|
95% CI
|
pa
|
Intercept
|
-0.31
|
|
|
Body mass indexb
Normal weight
Underweight
Overweight
Obese
|
Ref.
0.36
-0.10
-0.56
|
-0.20–0.91
-0.36–0.16
-0.97– -0.16
|
0.039
|
Cumulative cisplatin (100 mg/m2)
|
-0.12
|
-0.21– -0.02
|
0.034
|
Cumulative cranial RT (10 Gy)
|
-0.10
|
-0.19– -0.01
|
0.028
|
Cumulative heart-relevant RT (10 Gy) c,d
|
-0.05
|
-0.14–0.04
|
0.325
|
Abbr.: 1-min STS; 1-minute sit-to-stand test; B, unstandardized regression coefficient; 95% CI, 95% confidence interval; p, p-value; Gy, Gray; RT, radiotherapy
a p-value retrieved from Wald test.
b Body mass index was classified as underweight (<18.5kg/m2), normal weight (≥18.5–24.9kg/m2), overweight (25–29.9kg/m2), and obese (≥30kg/m2) (27).
c According to the COG Guidelines Version 5.0 (i. e., chest, abdomen, whole or thoracic spine, total body irradiation) (26).
d Including survivors who received total body irradiation.
e The unstandardized regression coefficient indicates the change in the standard deviation of the 1-min STS z-score for body mass index (underweight/overweight/obese versus normal weight) and for a one-unit change of cumulative doses of cyclophosphamide, cisplatin, cranial RT, and heart-relevant RT.