Oxygen vacancy H2V3O8 nanowires as high-capacity cathode materials for aqueous zinc-ion batteries

doi:10.21203/rs.3.rs-3926146/v1

Download PDF

Research Article

Oxygen vacancy H₂V₃O₈ nanowires as high-capacity cathode materials for aqueous zinc-ion batteries

https://doi.org/10.21203/rs.3.rs-3926146/v1

This work is licensed under a CC BY 4.0 License

You are reading this latest preprint version

H₂V₃O₈ has been regarded as a compelling cathode material for aqueous zinc-ion batteries (AZIBs) owing to its elevated theoretical capacity, abundance of vanadium valence states, and advantageous layered configuration. Nonetheless, the intrinsically low conductivity and sluggish ionic reaction kinetics of H₂V₃O₈ result in undesirable, constraining its broader implementation in AZIBs. In this study, a facile hydrothermal approach was utilized to prepare H₂V₃O₈ nanowires with an abundance of oxygen vacancies. The combination of nanowire nanostructure and oxygen vacancies of the H₂V₃O₈ offer improved ion diffusion kinetics and enhanced electronic conductivity, leading to a superior improved electrochemical performance. Particularly, the H₂V₃O₈ nanowire cathodes with the optimal oxygen vacancy concentration (HVO-20) exhibit a specific capacity of 461.7 mAh g^− 1 at 0.3 A g^− 1 and exceptional cycle life of 198.8 mAh g^− 1 after 1000 cycles at 1.0 A g^− 1. The investigation unveils the impact of oxygen vacancy vanadium-based oxides on the performance of AZIBs, presenting a viable strategy for advanced cathode materials in AZIBs.

Oxygen vacancies

Zinc-ion batteries

H2V3O8

Nanowires

Lithium-ion batteries (LIBs) stand as the predominant force in the commercial battery market, propelled by due to their remarkable energy density and extended cycle life [1, 2]. Nevertheless, the elevated costs, limited lithium resources, and potential safety linked to the utilization of organic electrolytes and environmental concerns have constrained the advancement of LIBs to some extent [3–5]. Given these issues, aqueous zinc-ion batteries (AZIBs) have garnered significant attention[6]. On the one hand, aqueous electrolytes exhibit safety, non-toxicity, and environmental friendliness coupled with elevated ionic conductivity (≈ 1 S cm^− 1)[7]. On the other hand, zinc metal demonstrates great superiority as an anode because of excellent chemical stability, low redox potential (-0.76 V vs. SHE), and high theoretical capacities (weight capacity of 820 mAh g^− 1; volume capacity of 5585 mAh cm^− 3)[8, 9]. Additionally, the abundance and low cost of zinc metal render it advantageous for economical energy storage applications[10]. Nevertheless, the bivalence and large ionic radius of Zn²⁺ ions induce robust electrostatic interactions with the cathode material, which results in structural collapse of the cathode material during the repetitive embedding/de-embedding process with rapid capacity decay and compromised cycle life[11, 12]. Therefore, to obtain advanced AZIBs, it is of significance to synthesize structurally stable cathode materials capable of efficient zinc storage.

Until now, extensive efforts have been devoted to high-performance cathode materials, such as manganese-based oxides, vanadium-based oxides (VO₂, V₂O₅, V₆O₁₃, H₂V₃O₈, LiV₃O₈, and et al), Prussian blue analogs, and organic compounds[13–24]. Among these cathode materials, H₂V₃O₈ is one of the promising cathode materials for AZIBs due to multi-electron redox reactions, diverse oxidation states (V⁴⁺ and V⁵⁺), and an open and modifiable backbone structure[25]. Moreover, H₂V₃O₈ is composed of a V₃O₈ layer structure through intramolecular hydrogen bonds, which are thought to facilitate the reversible embedding of ions[26]. Furthermore, the coexistence of V⁵⁺ and V⁴⁺ with a molar ratio of 2:1in the H₂V₃O₈ contributes to enhanced electrical conductivity[27]. He et al. pioneered the application of H₂V₃O₈ nanowires by hydrothermal method as the cathode material in AZIBs, which demonstrates a commendable high capacity of 423.8 mAh g^− 1 at 0.1 A g^− 1and exceptional cycling stability of 163.1 mAh g^− 1 after 1,000 cycles at 5 A g^− 1[26]. Chen et al. prepared binder-fr[22]ee H₂V₃O₈ nano-array cathodes by sol-gel method and achieved a high capacity of 323 mAh g^− 1 at 0.1 A g^− 1 [28]. Nevertheless, the intrinsic issues of the H₂V₃O₈ including low conductivity, sluggish ionic reaction kinetics, and robust electrostatic interactions between Zn²⁺ and H₂V₃O₈ still exist, contributing to undesirable cycling and rate capabilities[29, 30].

Vacancy engineering stands out as one of the compelling strategies for tailoring the electronic properties of electrode materials[31]. Research has demonstrated that the introduction of oxygen vacancies leads to lattice distortions of the crystal structure, thereby enhancing ion diffusion kinetics and elevating the electronic conductivity of the material[32, 33]. For instance, Cao et al. meticulously synthesized oxygen-vacancy V₂O₅ (Od-V₂O₅) through the heat treatment of V₂O₅ in an N₂/H₂ atmosphere, in which these oxygen vacancies induce an expansion of the layer spacing and markedly decrease the ion diffusion barrier[34]. Li et al. designed oxygen vacancy V₂O₃/C hybrids by sequential hydrothermal and Ar heat treatment methods[35]. Nevertheless, these methods are intricate and tedious, as well as the potential risk of flammable and explosive H₂[36]. Thus, it is imperative for researchers to adopt simple and safe methods to synthesize high quality H₂V₃O₈.

In this study, a facile hydrothermal method was utilized to fabricate H₂V₃O₈ nanowires enriched with oxygen vacancies. The synergistic effect of one-dimensional nanostructures and oxygen vacancies endows H₂V₃O₈ nanowires with improved ion diffusion kinetics and enhanced electronic conductivity, which significantly enhances the electrochemical performance of the H₂V₃O₈. Based on the above advantages, the H₂V₃O₈ nanowire cathodes with the optimal oxygen vacancy concentration (HVO-20) exhibit an excellent specific discharge capacity of 461.7 mAh g^− 1 at 0.3 A g^− 1 and an exceptionally long cycle life of 198.8 mAh g^− 1 after 1000 cycles at 1.0 A g^− 1.

Materials

Vanadium powder (99.99%, 500 mesh) was purchased from Yingtai Metal Materials Co. Hydrogen peroxide (H₂O₂, 30wt%) was purchased from Sinopharm Chemical Reagent Co. Both of the above samples can be used without further purification.

Synthesis of oxygen vacancy H₂V₃O₈ nanowires

For the synthesis of oxygen vacancy H₂V₃O₈ nanowires, 20 mL of deionized water and 40 mL of H₂O₂ were thoroughly mixed. Subsequently, 0.75 g of vanadium powder was gradually added to the mixed solution with continuous stirring. After stirring 2 h, the received solution was promptly transferred into a 100 mL stainless steel autoclave and reacted at 220°C for 96 hours. Upon completion of the reaction, the resultant precipitate was thoroughly washed three times with deionized water and ethanol. The resulting product was designated as HVO-20. To obtain the optimal oxygen vacancy H₂V₃O₈, the concentrations of the H₂O₂ have been changed to 10%, 15%, and 25%, respectively, and the corresponding products were labeled as HVO-10, HVO-15, and HVO-25, respectively.

Materials characterizations

The crystal structure was characterized by X-ray diffraction analyzer (XRD) using Cu Kα radiation (λ = 1.5406 nm). The morphology of the samples was studied by scanning electron microscopy (SEM) at 10 kV. The microstructure of the samples was further investigated by transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and selected area electron diffraction (SAED) at 200 kV. The elemental composition and valence states of the samples were analyzed by X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS). Information about unpaired electrons in the material was detected by electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR) technique.

Electrochemical measurements

To prepare the electrodes, a mixture of active materials hydroxylated multi-walled carbon nanotubes (MWCNT) and PVDF in a weight ratio of 7:2:1 with an appropriate amount of 1-Methyl-2-pyrrolidone (NMP) solution was stirred to obtain a homogeneous slurry, which was then scraped onto the titanium foil using a spatula and subsequently dried in a vacuum oven at 60°C for 12 h. The mass loading of active materials on the electrodes was about 1 mg cm² with a diameter of 12 mm. Zinc foil, 3 M Zn(CF₃SO₃)₂ aqueous solution, and Whatman glass fibers were used as the anode, electrolyte, and diaphragm, respectively. The electrochemical performance of the battery was tested by CR2032 coin cells. Constant current charge and discharge (GCD) testing was performed by the NEWARE Test System. Cyclic voltammetry (CV), linear sweep voltammetry (LSV), and alternating current impedance (EIS) tests were performed on a CS-type electrochemical workstation. Before the LSV measurement, the cells were charged and discharged once at 0.1 A g^− 1 followed by standing for 12 h. The scan rate was 0.1 mV s^− 1 and the overpotential was controlled within 5 mV.

Calculation of diffusion coefficients

The diffusion coefficient of Zn²⁺ (${\text{D}}_{\text{Zn}}$) can be calculated from the War-burg factor ($\sigma$) using the following Eq. (1)[37]:

$${D_{Z{\text{n}}}}=\frac{{{R^2}{T^2}}}{{2{A^2}{n^4}{F^4}{C^2}{\sigma ^2}}}$$

Where R is the gas constant, T is the absolute temperature, A is the electrode's surface area, n is the number of transferred electrons, F is the Faraday constant, and C is the concentration of Zn²⁺. σ can be obtained by calculating the slope of the curve of Z′ (the real component of the impedance spectrum) and the ω^1/2 low frequency (angular frequency in the low-frequency range)[38].

Calculation of exchange current density

The values of exchange current density can be obtained by Eq. (2)[39]:

$${i_o}=\frac{{{\text{RT}}}}{{{\text{nF}}}}{\text{K}}$$

Where R is the gas constant, T is the absolute temperature, n is the number of transferred electrons, F is the Faraday constant, and K is the slope of the linear polarization curve.

Figure 1 schematically illustrates the synthesis of H₂V₃O₈ nanowires through a facile high-temperature hydrothermal method. The concentrations of the H₂O₂ have a great influence on the final morphology of the H₂V₃O₈ as shown in Fig. 2a-d. With the concentrations below 10%, the HVO-10, and HVO-15 nanowires exhibit substantial agglomeration clustered together (Fig. 2a, b). The distinct levels of agglomeration for the HVO-10 and HVO-15 nanowires result from the splitting and growth of the vanadium oxide layer during the reaction process[40]. Increasing the concentration of H₂O₂ to 20%, the as-prepared sample (HVO-20) exhibits a more uniformly dispersed and elongated nanowire structure with lengths spanning from a few micrometers to several hundred nanometers. Further increasing the H₂O₂ concentration to 25%, a short nanorod structure can be found for the HVO-25 due to the violent oxidation reaction by the ultrahigh concentration of H₂O₂[41]. Therefore, changing the concentration of H₂O₂ can modulate the morphology of H₂V₃O₈ nanowires and the optimal concentration of H₂O₂ is 20% based on the morphology investigation. The morphology of the HVO-20 sample was additionally scrutinized by TEM. In Fig. 2e, the HVO-20 nanowires present smooth surfaces with a diameter of 197 nm and a length of 1.95 µm. The high-resolution TEM (HRTEM) image of HVO-20 (Fig. 2f) exhibits well-defined lattice fringes with a lattice spacing of 0.47 nm, corresponding to the (020) crystal plane spacing[42]. The inset in Fig. 1f reveals a well-defined dot structure in the selected area electron diffraction (SAED) pattern with distinct (020) and (011) crystalline planes, indicating a single crystal structure of the HVO-20 nanowires.

Figure 3a presents the XRD patterns of the HVO-10, HVO-15, HVO-20 and HVO-25, in which the HVO-10, HVO-15, and HVO-20 show the orthorhombic crystal system (PDF#85-2401) of the H₂V₃O₈ without impurity[40]. Specifically, the diffraction peaks at 10.4°, 18.3°, 18.9°, 24.6°, 26.2°, 32.6°, and 50.0° in the three samples align with the (200), (310), (020), (320), (011), (520), and (002) crystal planes of the H₂V₃O₈ crystals. Increasing the concentration of H₂O₂ to 25% results in impurity as appeared the diffraction peaks at 25.2° and 30.0°, corresponding to the characterization peaks of VO₂ (PDF#81-2392). Electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR) is an advanced technique for detecting unpaired electronic information in materials, employed to identify the presence of oxygen vacancies in metal oxides[43]. As shown in Fig. 3b, the HVO-15, HVO-20, and HVO-25 demonstrate g value of 2.0038 indicating the existence of oxygen vacancies in the three samples. Moreover, the largest intensity of g of HVO-20 manifests the highest concentration of oxygen vacancies in HVO-20. Also, XPS analysis was conducted to investigate oxygen vacancies in the sample. In the O 1s peaks of the three samples (Fig. 3c), the peaks at 530.0 eV, 531.2 eV, 532.3 eV, and 533.3 eV correspond to the O-V bond (perfect lattice oxygen), oxygen-deficient bond, -OH bond, and O-C bond, respectively[44]. According to the integral area, the atomic percentage of the oxygen vacancy in HVO-15, HVO-20, and HVO-25 were 15.4%, 18.5%, and 16.1%, respectively, aligning consistently with the findings of the EPR. The initial upward trajectory followed by a subsequent decline in the oxygen vacancy signifies the controllable modulation of oxygen vacancy concentration in the H₂V₃O₈ through the amount of the H₂O₂. In the high-resolution XPS spectrum of V 2p (Fig. 3d), two notable peaks at 516.0 eV and 523.5 eV align with V 2p_3/2 and V 2p_1/2 of V⁴⁺, while another pair of significant peaks at 517.5 eV and 525.0 eV correspond to V 2p_3/2 and V 2p_1/2 of V⁵⁺, respectively[44]. The ratios of V⁵⁺ to V⁴⁺ in HVO-15, HVO-20, and HVO-25 were determined as 1.88, 1.71, and 1.76, respectively, and the variation in peak intensities is linked to the formation of oxygen vacancies and also demonstrates that oxygen vacancies can modulate the electronic structure of materials[44, 45]. As indicated by pertinent reports, supercritical water can serve as a reducing agent at elevated temperatures, which facilitates the reduction of V⁵⁺ to V⁴⁺ along with the genesis of oxygen vacancies[46]. Different concentration of H₂O₂ causes different amounts of the liberation of oxygen liberated from the lattice with different diffusion rates, thus leading to different concentrations of oxygen vacancy in the three samples[47].

To assess the electrochemical performance of the H₂V₃O₈ nanowires as cathode materials for AZIBs, CR2032 coin cells were fabricated utilizing H₂V₃O₈ as a positive electrode, zinc flakes as a negative electrode, and 3 M Zn(CF₃SO₃)₂ aqueous solution as an electrolyte. Figure 4a illustrates the Cyclic Voltammetry curves of the HVO-20 electrode during the initial three cycles at a sweep rate of 0.1 mV s^− 1. The CV curve of the first cycles is different from the following cycles attributed to the initial activation process of the fresh electrode. However, the CV curves largely overlap in the subsequent two cycles, signifying the high reversibility of the electrochemical process. Two pairs of discernible redox peaks appeared at 0.39 V/0.82 V and 0.59 V/1.11 V, corresponding to the V⁵⁺ /V⁴⁺ and V⁴⁺ /V³⁺ transitions, respectively[28]. Figure 4b illustrates the cycling performance of the HVO-10, HVO-15, HVO-20, and HVO-25 electrodes at a current density of 0.3 A g^− 1. The initial discharge specific capacity of the HVO-20 electrode reached 461.7 mAh g^− 1, surpassing that of HVO-25 (367.3 mAh g^− 1), HVO-15 (366.9 mAh g^− 1), and HVO-10 (292.5 mAh g^− 1). Moreover, the capacity of the HVO-20 electrode still reached 426.6 mAh g^− 1 with a remarkable capacity retention of 92.4% after 100 cycles. This result suggests that the combined influence of one-dimensional nanostructures and oxygen vacancies creates ample diffusion pathways and adsorption sites for Zn²⁺[35, 48]. During the cycling, a gradual decline followed by an ascent in the discharge specific capacity of the HVO-20 electrode was noted, which is attributed to the gradual wetting and activation of the electrode material[29]. Figure 4c illustrates the charge/discharge curves of the HVO-20 electrode at a current density of 0.3 A g^− 1. The discharge curve exhibits two plateaus at 0.39/0.82 V and 0.59/1.11 V, aligning with the CV curve. Additionally, the figure reveals that the initial charge specific capacity (443.5 mAh g^− 1), is attributed to partially Zn²⁺ ions embedded, in the HVO-20 lattice during charging[26]. The rate performance of the four electrodes was evaluated at current densities ranging from 0.1 to 1.0 A g^− 1. As illustrated in Fig. 4d, e, HVO-20 demonstrated reversible discharge specific capacities of 454.9, 421.1, 402.3, 354.3, 262.9, and 212.7 mAh g^− 1 at current densities of 0.1, 0.2, 0.3, 0.5, 0.8, and 1.0 A g^− 1 respectively, surpassing that of HVO-10, HVO-15, and HVO-25. Upon reducing the current density back to 0.1 A g^− 1, HVO-20 recovered to a discharge specific capacity of 437.2 mAh g^− 1, accompanied by a remarkable capacity recovery rate of 96.1%. The outstanding rate performance of HVO-20 can be ascribed to its one-dimensional nanostructures and high concentration of oxygen vacancies, which enhance ion diffusion kinetics[49]. Lastly, the long-cycle performance tests of the four electrodes were also evaluated at a current density of 1.0 A g^− 1 in Fig. 4f. The HVO-10, HVO-15, and HVO-25 decline obviously with a capacity of 76.0 mAh g^− 1, 29.4 mAh g^− 1, and 6.67 mAh g^− 1 after 1000 cycles. Notably, the HVO-20 electrode exhibited excellent stability with a substantial capacity of 198.8 mAh g^− 1 after 1000 cycles, resulting in a commendable capacity retention rate of 67.2%. The remarkable cycling stability demonstrated by HVO-20 implies that the presence of oxygen vacancies significantly enhances both the zinc storage capacity and structural stability of H₂V₃O₈[50].

To reveal the electrochemical kinetic performance of the cathodes, electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) tests were conducted for the HVO-10, HVO-15, HVO-20, and HVO-25, as shown in Fig. 5a and Fig. 5b.The Nyquist curves for each electrode exhibit two segments: the diagonal line in the mid-to-high-frequency range signifies the charge transfer resistance (R_ct) at the electrolyte-electrode material interface, while the diagonal line in the low-frequency range corresponds to the diffusion rate of Zn²⁺ in the electrode material[26]. At the third cycle, the R_ct of the HVO-20 electrode is 51.9 Ω, lower than that of HVO-10 (67.44 Ω), HVO-15 (67.44 Ω), and HVO-25 (57.2 Ω). This implies that the presence of oxygen vacancies has the potential to enhance conductivity[51]. Notably, after 50 cycles, the R_ct of the HVO-20 electrode is still lower than that of the HVO-10 (198.1 Ω), HVO-15 (187.8 Ω), and HVO-25 (160.6 Ω). Additionally, the Zn²⁺ diffusion coefficients were further investigated by the linear correlation between Z′ (the real component of the impedance spectrum) and the ω^1/2 low frequency (angular frequency in the low-frequency range) to derive the Wahlberg coefficient ($\sigma$, the slope of Fig. 5c)[37]. As shown in Fig. 5d, the D_Zn of the HVO-20 is 3.40 × 10^− 12 cm² s^− 1, far higher than 1.19 × 10^− 12 cm² s^− 1 of HVO-10, 1.87 × 10^− 12 cm² s^− 1 of HVO-15 and 2.82 × 10^− 12 cm² s^− 1 of HVO-25 because of the optimal concentration of the oxygen vacancies[52]. Lastly, the exchange current densities (i_o) for the four electrodes were determined by the linear polarization method in Fig. 5e. i_o is a crucial parameter that characterizes the reversibility of the electrode, for which a higher i_o indicates a more reversible electrode reaction[39]. As shown in Fig. 5f, HVO-20 exhibited the highest i_o (10.417 mA g^− 1), surpassing HVO-25, HVO-15, and HVO-10 with i_o values of 8.615 mA g^− 1, 7.485 mA g^− 1, and 6.037 mA g^− 1, respectively. The EIS, diffusion coefficient, and exchange current density indicate the superiority of the HVO-20 with both nanowire nanostructure and oxygen vacancies for reversible Zn storage[53].

In conclusion, this paper presents the synthesis of H₂V₃O₈ samples with nanowire morphology and a controllable concentration of oxygen vacancies through a simple hydrothermal method. The synergistic effect of the one-dimensional nanostructures and oxygen vacancies endows H₂V₃O₈ with improved ion diffusion kinetics and enhanced electronic conductivity, which significantly enhances the electrochemical performance of H₂V₃O₈. Based on the above advantages, the H₂V₃O₈ nanowires cathode with the optimal oxygen vacancy concentration (HVO-20) exhibit an excellent specific discharge capacity (461.7 mAh g^− 1 at 0.3 A g^− 1) and exceptional long cycle life (198.8 mAh g^− 1 after 1000 cycles at 1.0 A g^− 1). This investigation presents a novel concept for high-performance cathode materials of AZIBs.

Acknowledgements This work was supported by the Shanghai Local Capacity Building Program (23010500700), Project of Shanghai Municipal Science and Technology Commission (22DZ2291100), Qinglan Project of Jiangsu Province, Open Project of Jiangsu Provincial Key Laboratory of Eco-Environmental Materials.

Author contributions Xiang Li completed the experiment and wrote the manuscript text; Zhiwei Chen operated SEM; Yang Li, Yiran Xu, Donglong Bai and Bin Deng assisted the experiment; Wei Yao provided funding and suggestions for the experiment and revised the paper; Jianguang Xu provided funding and suggestions for the experiment and revised the paper. All authors reviewed the manuscript.

Data Availability The data is available upon request.

Competing interests The authors declare no competing interests.

Sun R, Dong SY, Guo XC, Xia P, Lu SJ, Zhang YF, Fan HS (2024) Construction of 2D sandwich-like Na₂V₆O₁₆⋅3H₂O@MXene heterostructure for advanced aqueous zinc ion batteries. J Colloid Interface Sci 655: 226-233. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jcis.2023.11.020.
Sun D, Zhang M, Wan W, Cao YL, Chai H (2023) Modified vanadium oxide with enhanced diffusion kinetic for high rate aqueous zinc-ion batteries. J Energy Storage 73: 1092369. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.est.2023.109236.
Xu HT, Yang WY, Liu HB, Li M, Gong SQ, Zhao F, Li CL, Qi JJ, Wang HH, Peng WC, Fan XB, Liu JP (2023) Boosting kinetics of tellurium redox reaction for high-performance aqueous zinc-tellurium batteries. Chem Eng J 465: 14289610. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cej.2023.142896.
Zhao BC, Jia PP, Yu L, Song YP, Li Z, Wang YJ, Feng R, Li H, Cui XL, Cui HW, Wang YX, Zhao MS, Zhao XC, Fang XY, Pan YK (2023) Cathode materials for aqueous zinc-ion batteries and prospect of self-supporting electrodes: A review. J Energy Storage 73: 10917412. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.est.2023.109174.
Liu Y, Wu X (2023) High durable aqueous zinc ion batteries by synergistic effect of V₆O₁₃/ VO₂ electrode materials. J Energy Chem 87: 334-341. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jechem.2023.08.022.
Nie CH, Wang GL, Wang DD, Wang MY, Gao XR, Bai ZC, Wang NA, Yang J, Xing Z, Dou SX (2023) Recent Progress on Zn Anodes for Advanced Aqueous Zinc-Ion Batteries. Adv Energy Mater 13: 32. https://doi.org/10.1002/aenm.202300606.
Wan F, Niu ZQ (2019) Design Strategies for Vanadium-based Aqueous Zinc-Ion Batteries. Angew Chem-Int Edit 58: 16358-16367. https://doi.org/10.1002/anie.201903941.
Zong Y, He HW, Wang YZ, Wu MH, Ren XC, Bai ZC, Wang NA, Ning X, Dou SX (2023) Functionalized Separator Strategies toward Advanced Aqueous Zinc-Ion Batteries. Adv Energy Mater 13: 18. https://doi.org/10.1002/aenm.202300403.
Sun D, Wan W, Zhang M, Jin YX, Ma WY, Cao YL, Chai H (2023) Synergetic vanadium oxide nanocomposite cathode material with high specific capacity and long life for advanced aqueous zinc-ion batteries. J Alloy Compd 969: 1724198. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jallcom.2023.172419.
Ruan PC, Liang SQ, Lu BG, Fan HJ, Zhou J (2022) Design Strategies for High-Energy-Density Aqueous Zinc Batteries. Angew Chem-Int Edit 61: e20220059815. https://doi.org/10.1002/anie.202200598.
Chen XD, Zhang H, Liu JH, Gao Y, Cao XH, Zhan CC, Wang YW, Wang ST, Chou SL, Dou SX, Cao DP (2022) Vanadium-based cathodes for aqueous zinc-ion batteries: Mechanism, design strategies and challenges. Energy Storage Mater 50: 21-46. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ensm.2022.04.040.
Wei TY, Li Q, Yang GZ, Wang CX (2018) Highly reversible and long-life cycling aqueous zinc-ion battery based on ultrathin (NH₄)₂V₁₀O₂₅•8H₂O nanobelts. J Mater Chem A 6: 20402-20410. https://doi.org/10.1039/c8ta06626d.
Wang D, Liu ZM, Gao XW, Gu QF, Zhao LK, Luo WB (2023) Massive anionic fluorine substitution two-dimensional S-MnO₂ nanosheets for high-performance aqueous zinc-ion battery. J Energy Storage 72: 1087407. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.est.2023.108740.
Jing FY, Lv CD, Xu LL, Shang YR, Pei J, Song P, Wang YH, Chen G, Yan CS (2023) An amorphous manganese iron oxide hollow nanocube cathode for aqueous zinc ion batteries. J Energy Chem 87: 314-321. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jechem.2023.08.036.
Wu TH, Chen JA, Su JH, Ting YH (2023) Decorating carbon quantum dots onto VO₂ nanorods to boost electron and ion transport kinetics for high-performance zinc-ion batteries. J Energy Storage 74: 1093409. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.est.2023.109340.
Selvam T, Dhinasekaran D, Subramanian B, Rajendran AR (2023) Layered Structures of Enriched V⁵⁺ States of Vanadium Oxide as a Hybrid Cathode Material for Long-Cyclable Aqueous Zinc-Ion Batteries. ACS Appl Mater Interfaces 15: 30350-30359. https://doi.org/10.1021/acsami.3c05835.
Zhao DY, Wang XY, Zhang WM, Zhang YJ, Lei Y, Huang XT, Zhu QC, Liu JP (2023) Unlocking the Capacity of Vanadium Oxide by Atomically Thin Graphene-Analogous V₂O₅•nH₂O in Aqueous Zinc-Ion Batteries. Adv Funct Mater 33: 11. https://doi.org/10.1002/adfm.202211412.
Wang PJ, Shi XD, Wu ZX, Guo S, Zhou J, Liang SQ (2020) Layered hydrated vanadium oxide as highly reversible intercalation cathode for aqueous Zn-ion batteries. Carbon Energy 2: 294-301. https://doi.org/10.1002/cey2.39.
He P, Yan MY, Liao XB, Luo YZ, Mai LQ, Nan CW (2020) Reversible V³⁺/V⁵⁺ double redox in lithium vanadium oxide cathode for zinc storage. Energy Storage Mater 29: 113-120. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ensm.2020.04.005.
Wang Y, Liu X, Xu GB, Liang YL, Ni WT, Wu BH, Yang LW (2022) Freestanding carbon nanotube/orthorhombic V₂O₅ nanobelt films for advanced aqueous zinc-ion batteries: electrochemical performance and in situ Raman spectroscopy investigations. Ionics 28: 4709-4718. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11581-022-04684-3.
Gong SG, Xie YF, Zhao JX, Liang Q, Huang RN, Jia XT, Chao DM, Wang CY (2023) An electrolyte-rich nano-organic cathode constructs an ultra-high voltage Zinc-ion battery. Chem Eng J 476: 1466198. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cej.2023.146619.
Wu J, Liang HH, Li JM, Yang ZH, Cai JB (2024) Facile preparation of urchin-like morphology V₂O₃-VN nano-heterojunction cathodes for high-performance Aqueous zinc ion battery. J Colloid Interface Sci 654: 46-55. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jcis.2023.09.177.
Wang JL, Lv H, Huang LL, Li JH, Xie HJ, Wang G, Gu TT (2023) Anhydride-Based Compound with Tunable Redox Properties as Advanced Organic Cathodes for High-Performance Aqueous Zinc-Ion Batteries. ACS Appl Mater Interfaces 15: 49447-49457. https://doi.org/10.1021/acsami.3c12163.
Xue YT, Shen XP, Zhou H, Cao JY, Pu JR, Ji ZY, Kong LR, Yuan AH (2022) Vanadium hexacyanoferrate nanoparticles connected by cross-linked carbon nanotubes conductive networks for aqueous zinc-ion batteries. Chem Eng J 448: 1376579. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cej.2022.137657.
Pan R, Cui FH, Zheng AQ, Zhang GJ, Jiang ZJ, Xiong YW, Wei L, Zhang QC, Sun LT, Yin KB (2023) Achieving Synergetic Anion-Cation Redox Chemistry in Freestanding Amorphous Vanadium Oxysulfide Cathodes toward Ultrafast and Stable Aqueous Zinc-Ion Batteries. Adv Funct Mater 33: 11. https://doi.org/10.1002/adfm.202300619.
He P, Quan YL, Xu X, Yan MY, Yang W, An QY, He L, Mai LQ (2017) High-Performance Aqueous Zinc-Ion Battery Based on Layered H₂V₃O₈ Nanowire Cathode. Small 13: 17025517. https://doi.org/10.1002/smll.201702551.
Liu CZ, Xu WW, Mei CT, Li MC, Xu XW, Wu QL (2021) Highly stable H₂V₃O₈/Mxene cathode for Zn-ion batteries with superior rate performance and long lifespan. Chem Eng J 405: 1267379. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cej.2020.126737.
Chen D, Lu MJ, Wang BR, Cheng HF, Yang H, Cai D, Han W, Fan HJ (2021) High-mass loading V₃O₇•H₂O nanoarray for Zn-ion battery: New synthesis and two-stage ion intercalation chemistry. Nano Energy 83: 10583511. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.nanoen.2021.105835.
Liang PH, Xu TF, Zhu KJ, Rao Y, Zheng HJ, Wu M, Chen JT, Liu JS, Yan K, Wang J, Zhang RF (2022) Heterogeneous interface-boosted zinc storage of H₂V₃O₈ nanowire/Ti₃C₂T_x MXene composite toward high-rate and long cycle lifespan aqueous zinc-ion batteries. Energy Storage Mater 50: 63-74. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ensm.2022.05.010.
Wan F, Zhang LL, Dai X, Wang XY, Niu ZQ, Chen J (2018) Aqueous rechargeable zinc/sodium vanadate batteries with enhanced performance from simultaneous insertion of dual carriers. Nat Commun 9: 165611. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41467-018-04060-8.
Yan DF, Li YX, Huo J, Chen R, Dai LM, Wang SY (2017) Defect Chemistry of Nonprecious-Metal Electrocatalysts for Oxygen Reactions. Adv Mater 29: 160645920. https://doi.org/10.1002/adma.201606459.
Wu BZ, Lu CJ, Ye F, Zhang L, Jiang L, Liu Q, Dong HL, Sun ZM, Hu LF (2021) Bilayered VOPO₄⋅2H₂O Nanosheets with High-Concentration Oxygen Vacancies for High-Performance Aqueous Zinc-Ion Batteries. Adv Funct Mater 31: 210681612. https://doi.org/10.1002/adfm.202106816.
Zhao HN, Fu Q, Yang D, Sarapulova A, Pang Q, Meng Y, Wei LY, Ehrenberg HM, Wei YJ, Wang CZ, Chen G (2020) In Operando Synchrotron Studies of NH₄⁺Preintercalated V₂O₅•nH₂O Nanobelts as the Cathode Material for Aqueous Rechargeable Zinc Batteries. ACS Nano 14: 11809-11820. https://doi.org/10.1021/acsnano.0c04669.
Cao J, Zhang DD, Yue YL, Pakornchote T, Bovornratanaraks T, Sawangphruk M, Zhang XY, Qin JQ (2021) Revealing the impacts of oxygen defects on Zn²⁺ storage performance in V₂O₅. Mater Today Energy 21: 1008249. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.mtener.2021.100824.
Li C, Yun XR, Chen YF, Lu D, Ma ZY, Bai SX, Zhou GM, Xiao PT, Zheng CM (2023) Unravelling the proton hysteresis mechanism in vacancy modified vanadium oxides for High-Performance aqueous zinc ion battery. Chem Eng J 477: 14690110. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cej.2023.146901.
Liu DL, Wang CH, Yu YF, Zhao BH, Wang WC, Du YH, Zhang B (2019) Understanding the Nature of Ammonia Treatment to Synthesize Oxygen Vacancy-Enriched Transition Metal Oxides. Chem 5: 376-389. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chempr.2018.11.001.
Du XY, He W, Zhang XD, Yue YZ, Liu H, Zhang XG, Min DD, Ge XX, Du Y (2012) Enhancing the electrochemical performance of lithium ion batteries using mesoporous Li₃V₂(PO₄)₃/C microspheres. J Mater Chem 22: 5960-5969. https://doi.org/10.1039/c1jm14758g.
Cui Y, Zhao XL, Guo RS (2010) Improved electrochemical performance of La_0.7Sr_0.3MnO₃ and carbon co-coated LiFePO₄ synthesized by freeze-drying process. Electrochim Acta 55: 922-926. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.electacta.2009.08.020.
Zhang Y, Huo QY, Lv Y, Wang LZ, Zhang AQ, Song YH, Li GY, Gao HL, Xia TC, Dong HC (2012) Effects of nickel-doped lithium vanadium phosphate on the performance of lithium-ion batteries. J Alloy Compd 542: 187-191. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jallcom.2012.07.066.
Li HQ, Zhai TY, He P, Wang YG, Hosono E, Zhou HS (2011) Single-crystal H₂V₃O₈ nanowires: a competitive anode with large capacity for aqueous lithium-ion batteries. J Mater Chem 21: 1780-1787. https://doi.org/10.1039/c0jm02788j.
Wang K, Zhuo Y, Chen JY, Gao DW, Ren Y, Wang CX, Qi ZM (2020) Crystalline phase regulation of anatase-rutile TiO₂ for the enhancement of photocatalytic activity. RSC Adv 10: 43592-43598. https://doi.org/10.1039/d0ra09421h.
Tang H, Xu N, Pei CY, Xiong FY, Tan SS, Luo W, An QY, Mai LQ (2017) H₂V₃O₈ Nanowires as High-Capacity Cathode Materials for Magnesium-Based Battery. ACS Appl Mater Interfaces 9: 28667-28673. https://doi.org/10.1021/acsami.7b09924.
Zhang N, Li XY, Ye HC, Chen SM, Ju HX, Liu DB, Lin Y, Ye W, Wang CM, Xu Q, Zhu JF, Song L, Jiang J, Xiong YJ (2016) Oxide Defect Engineering Enables to Couple Solar Energy into Oxygen Activation. J Am Chem Soc 138: 8928-8935. https://doi.org/10.1021/jacs.6b04629.
Zang Q, Cheng XJ, Chen SJ, Xiao ZY, Wang KP, Zong LB, Zhang Q, Wang L (2023) Oxygen defect engineering triggered by S-doping boosts the performance of H₂V₃O₈ nanobelts for aqueous Zn-ion storage. Chem Eng J 452: 13939610. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cej.2022.139396.
Liu NN, Wu X, Yin YY, Chen AS, Zhao CY, Guo ZK, Fan LS, Zhang NQ (2020) Constructing the Efficient Ion Diffusion Pathway by Introducing Oxygen Defects in Mn₂O₃ for High-Performance Aqueous Zinc-Ion Batteries. ACS Appl Mater Interfaces 12: 28199-28205. https://doi.org/10.1021/acsami.0c05968.
Zhou Y, Bao QL, Tang LAL, Zhong YL, Loh KP (2009) Hydrothermal Dehydration for the "Green" Reduction of Exfoliated Graphene Oxide to Graphene and Demonstration of Tunable Optical Limiting Properties. Chem Mat 21: 2950-2956. https://doi.org/10.1021/cm9006603.
Mao DJ, Yang SX, Hu Y, He H, Yang SG, Zheng SR, Sun C, Jiang ZF, Qu XL, Wong PK (2023) Efficient CO₂ photoreduction triggered by oxygen vacancies in ultrafine Bi₅O₇Br nanowires. Appl Catal B-Environ Energy 321: 1220319. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.apcatb.2022.122031.
Cao J, Zhang DD, Yue YL, Wang X, Pakornchote T, Bovornratanaraks T, Zhang XY, Wu ZS, Qin JQ (2021) Oxygen defect enriched (NH₄)₂V₁₀O₂₅⋅8H₂O nanosheets for superior aqueous zinc-ion batteries. Nano Energy 84: 1058769. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.nanoen.2021.105876.
Si R, Yi SJ, Liu H, Yu F, Bao WZ, Guo C, Li JF (2023) Engineering Oxygen Vacancies on VO₂ Multilayered Structures for Efficient Zn²⁺ Storage. Chem-Eur J 29: 7. https://doi.org/10.1002/chem.202300409.
Qi JJ, Zhang YF, Li M, Xu HT, Zhang YN, Wen JJ, Zhai HA, Yang WY, Li CL, Wang HH, Fan XB, Liu JP (2023) Facile and effective defect engineering strategy boosting ammonium vanadate nanoribbon for high performance aqueous zinc-ion batteries. J Colloid Interface Sci 642: 430-438. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jcis.2023.03.185.
Song QY, Zhou SH, Wang SY, Li S, Xu L, Qiu JX (2023) Insights into the oxygen vacancies in transition metal oxides for aqueous Zinc-Ion batteries. Chem Eng J 461: 14203314. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cej.2023.142033.
Wu MC, Bai J, Xue MD, Zhao X, Mao L, Chen LY (2023) Oxygen vacancy enriched Na_1.19V₈O₂₀⋅4.42H₂O nanosheets for fast and stable Zn-ion batteries. Chem Commun 59: 11668-11671. https://doi.org/10.1039/d3cc03505k.
Liang XY, Yan LJ, Li WP, Bai YC, Zhu C, Qiang YJ, Xiong BX, Xiang B, Zou XF (2021) Flexible high-energy and stable rechargeable vanadium-zinc battery based on oxygen defect modulated V₂O₅ cathode. Nano Energy 87: 10616413. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.nanoen.2021.106164.

No competing interests reported.

Download PDF

Editorial decision: Revision requested
23 Mar, 2024
Reviews received at journal
18 Mar, 2024
Reviews received at journal
12 Feb, 2024
Reviewers agreed at journal
07 Feb, 2024
Reviewers agreed at journal
07 Feb, 2024
Reviewers invited by journal
05 Feb, 2024
Submission checks completed at journal
04 Feb, 2024
Editor assigned by journal
04 Feb, 2024
First submitted to journal
03 Feb, 2024

You are reading this latest preprint version

Oxygen vacancy H₂V₃O₈ nanowires as high-capacity cathode materials for aqueous zinc-ion batteries

Status:

Version 1

Abstract

Figures

Introduction

Experimental section

Materials

Synthesis of oxygen vacancy H₂V₃O₈ nanowires

Materials characterizations

Electrochemical measurements

Calculation of diffusion coefficients

Calculation of exchange current density

Results and discussion

Conclusions

Declarations

References

Additional Declarations

Status:

Version 1

Oxygen vacancy H2V3O8 nanowires as high-capacity cathode materials for aqueous zinc-ion batteries

Status:

Version 1

Abstract

Figures

Introduction

Experimental section

Materials

Synthesis of oxygen vacancy H2V3O8 nanowires

Materials characterizations

Electrochemical measurements

Calculation of diffusion coefficients

Calculation of exchange current density

Results and discussion

Conclusions

Declarations

References

Additional Declarations

Status:

Version 1

Oxygen vacancy H₂V₃O₈ nanowires as high-capacity cathode materials for aqueous zinc-ion batteries

Synthesis of oxygen vacancy H₂V₃O₈ nanowires