Bakitas et. al., JCO, 2009(34). | Age > 18 years with advanced cancer centers, medical centers, and community outreach clinics. | 322/161/161 | Outcome: Quality of Life, physical symptoms. Measurement: Functional Assessment of Chronic Illness Therapy for Palliative Care-Lung (FACT-L) scale (score range, 0-184). | Outcome: Depression and symptom burden. Measurement: Edmonton Symptom Assessment Scale (score range, 0-900). | A multicomponent psycho-educational intervention conducted by APNs: four weekly educational sessions, then monthly follow-up; medical visits with palliative care clinicians. |
Temel et. al., IJPN, 2010(29). | Ambulatory patients with newly diagnosed metastatic non–small-cell lung cancer. | 151/77/74 | Outcome: Quality of life Measurement: Functional Assessment of Cancer Therapy–Lung (FACT-L) scale. | Outcome: Mood (anxiety and depression) Measurement: Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale. | Early palliative care integrated with standard oncologic care, PC physicians and nurses. Assessment/support for physical and psychosocial symptoms, goals of care, decision making, individual needs; consultations monthly plus as needed. |
Rabow et. al., Arch INTERN MEDICINE, 2004(41). | Adult patients’ diagnosis of advanced cancer advanced COPD and advanced CHF who they believed had a life expectancy of 1–5 years. | 90/50/40 | Outcome: Quality of life. Measurement: physical functioning and symptoms. The rapid disability rating scale-2 provides the patient functional status with 18 Items using a 4- point Likert scale. 18 (No disability) and 72 (Maximum disability). | Outcome: Dyspnea, pain, sleep, anxiety, depression, spiritual wellbeing, health care satisfaction and advanced care planning. Measurement: Psychosocial and spiritual wellbeing anxiety. Measurement: 6-point anxiety scale, 20-scale center for epidemiological studies depression scale. 20-point spiritual rating scale. | Comprehensive care team of interdisciplinary palliative care experts (social worker, nurse, chaplain, pharmacist, psychologist, art therapist, volunteer coordinator, and three MDs). Seven-component interventions (including assessment, social work, caregiver training, medication review, spiritual/psychological support, home visits, phone calls). |
Rummans et. al., J Clin Oncol, 2006(42). | Radiation therapy patients with advanced. cancer and an estimated 5-year survival rate of 0–50% | 103/49/54 | Outcome: Quality of life Measurement: The Spitzer QOL Uni-scale. | Outcome: Symptoms, mood, spiritual well-being. Measurement: Linear Analog Scales of Assessment (LASAs) of QOL | The structured, multidisciplinary intervention focused on specific strategies designed to improve. Participants’ QOL. |
Jordhøy et al., J Clin Oncol, 2001(26). | | 434/235/199 | Outcome: Quality of life, psychological distress, physical symptoms. Measurement: EORTC QLQ-C30. | Outcome: Social support, general well-being,, pain control, physical and emotional functioning Measurement: IES, EORTC QLQ-C30 | Outpatient and inpatient clinics as well as a multidisciplinary consultant team working daytime hours. Pain control, physical and emotional functioning (measured by the EORTC QLQ-C30), and psychological distress (measured by the IES). |
Grudzen et.al., JAMA Oncol., 2016(38). | Patients with advanced cancer presenting to emergency department. | 136/69/67 | Outcome: Quality of life, emotional functions Measurement: Functional Assessment of Cancer Therapy–General Measure (FACT-G) score. | Outcome: Major depressive disorder, health care utilization and survival. Measurement: Patient Health Questionnaire-9 | A comprehensive palliative care consultation by the inpatient team, including an assessment of symptoms, spiritual and/or social needs, and goals of care. |
Zimmermann et.al.,Lancet, 2014(37). | Eligible patients were aged 18 years or older, had stage IV cancer (for breast or prostate cancer. | 461/228/233 | Outcome: Quality of life Measurement: (Functional Assessment of Chronic Illness Therapy—Spiritual Well-Being [FACIT-Sp] scales. Change score for FACIT-Sp from baseline to 3 months. | Outcome: Quality of Life at the End of Life, symptom severity satisfaction with care, and problems with medical interactions Measurement: [QUAL-E] scale), (Edmonton Symptom Assessment System [ESAS]), and (Cancer Rehabilitation Evaluation System Medical Interaction Subscale [CARES-MIS]). | Consultation and follow-up in the oncology palliative care clinic by a palliative care physician and nurse, consisting of: (1) comprehensive, multidisciplinary assessment of symptoms, psychological distress, social support, and home services, within 1 month of recruitment (60–90 min duration); (2) routine telephone contact from a palliative care nurse 1 week after the first consultation, and thereafter as needed; (3) monthly outpatient palliative care follow-up (20–50 min); and (4) a 24-h on-call service for telephone management of urgent issues. |
Bakitas et al., JCO, 2015(43). | | 207 /104/103 | Outcome: Quality of life, physical symptom, mood Measurement: 46-item Functional Assessment of Chronic Illness Therapy– Palliative Care [FACIT-Pal]. | Outcome: Physical symptoms, Mood, 1-year survival and Resource use. Measurement: four-item Quality of Life at End of Life [QUAL-E] symptom impact subscale, 20-item Center for Epidemiologic Studies–Depression scale [CES-D], Overall median survival was calculated based on time from enrollment to death or study closure and chemotherapy use in last 14 days, and location of death were obtained via medical record review or proxy report. | Standardized outpatient palliative care consultation by a board-certificate palliative care clinician and six structured weekly telephone coaching sessions by an advanced practice nurse using mutualized curriculum. |
Groenvold et al., Palliative Medicine abstract, 2015(36). | Consecutive metastatic cancer patients at five oncology departments with no prior contact with SPC were screened for palliative needs. | 297 /145/152 | Outcome: Quality of life. Measurement: European Organization for Research and Treatment of Cancer Quality of Life Questionnaire (EORTC QLQ-C30) | Outcome: Physical symptoms: Depression Anxiety Survival Satisfaction with care Economic consequences Measurement: Change in the seven QLQ-C30 scales and survival | Patients in the intervention group were referred to an SPC team, and the number and frequency of contacts with the SPC team and the treatments and other interventions were determined by the patient’s needs |
Moore et al., BMJ, 2002(39). | Patients with lung cancer who had completed their initial treatment and were expected to survive for at least 3 months | 202/99/103 | Outcome: Quality of life and patients’ satisfaction. Measurement: European Organization for Research and Treatment of Cancer Quality of Life Questionnaire (EORTC QLQ-C30) | Outcome: general practitioners’ satisfaction, survival, symptom-free survival, progression-free survival, use of resources, and comparison of costs. Measurement: change in survival. | Nurse led follow up were allocated to one of two clinical nurse specialists in lung cancer and were assessed monthly by protocol over the telephone or in a nurse led clinic to identify signs of disease progression, symptoms warranting intervention, or serious complications. |
Clark et.al., AM.C.Society 2012(40). | Radiation oncology patients. | 110/51/59 | Outcome: Quality of life Measurement: The FACT-G (version 4) is a well-validated, 28-item, general patient-rated QOL life measure for cancer patients with any tumor type. | Outcome: Individual’s ability to do daily work and their need for assistance, dementia and, depression Measurement: The Beck Depression Inventory-II (BDI-II) is a 21-item scale used to assess the current severity of depression symptomatology | The structured, multidisciplinary intervention focused on specific strategies to address to impact physical, mental, social, emotional, and spiritual QOL. |