3.1 Study population
We enrolled 147 patients diagnosed with BMT in this study until August 2021, 7 patients were excluded due to unconfirmed pathology, cognitive impairment or coma stage. 140 patients completed the pre-surgery evaluation, including 98 patients diagnosed with glioma and 42 patients diagnosed with BM. For glioma, 89.8% (n=88) of patients completed the 7-day post-operative assessment. Due to low compliance, 45.9% (n=45) patients completed the one-month follow-up and 33.7% (n=33) patients completed the three-month follow-up. For BM, 95.2% (n=40) patients completed the 7-day postoperative evaluation, 50% (n=21) patients completed the 1-month follow-up, and 31% (n=13) patients completed the 3-month postoperative follow-up. The study procedure is shown in Figure 1.
All resected tumors were pathologically confirmed as glioma or BM. The 140 patients included 71 males and 69 females. The mean age was 47.7 ± 13.9 and 55.8 ± 12.2 years, BMI 24.4 ± 3.5 and 24.0 ± 3.5 kg/m2, and years of education 7.4 ± 3.7 and 6.3 ± 3.5 for gliomas and BM, respectively. Most patients (72 of 98) underwent gross total resection (GTR) of the tumor. Of the 42 cases of brain metastases, 26 were from lung cancer, 8 from breast cancer, and 8 from other cancers (including colorectal cancer, renal cancer, frontal sinus squamous cell carcinoma, and atrial myxoma). Brain metastases were located in the left hemisphere (11 cases) and right hemisphere (30 cases). GBM and BM had a mean age at diagnosis of 53.1 and 55.8 years, respectively (p = 0.433). The mean age of GBM was significantly different from that of other glioma subtypes (p = 0.004). Patients with glioma had significantly more years of education (p = 0.036). Patients with BM who had a higher percentage of tumor in the right hemisphere (71.4%) compared to the left (26.2%) showed a statistically significant difference (p = 0.022). There was a statistically significant difference (p = 0.018) in tumor location between the temporal lobe and other groups. There was a statistically significant difference (p = 0.027) between the biopsy and GTR groups. The demographic description of the enrolled patients is summarized in Table 1.
3.2 Preoperative QLQ-C30 and QLQ-BN20 scores and postoperative changes in patients with glioma.
The EORTC QLQ-C30 GHs scores and the physical and role function dimensions were lower 7 days after surgery than before surgery (69.1 ± 22.7 vs. 59. 2 ± 25.7, u = -2.541, p = 0.011), (87.4 ± 20.7 vs. 66.4 ± 29.5, u = -5.753, p < 0.001), (79.6 ± 28.6 vs. 60.8 ± 31.1, u = -4.445, p < 0.001), respectively. Symptoms including fatigue, pain, constipation, and diarrhea were worse 7 days after surgery compared to before surgery (p < 0.001, p = 0.001, p = 0.014, p = 0.01, respectively). There was a statistically significant difference in the EORTC QoL-BN20 scores for motor dysfunction, fatigue, hair loss, leg weakness, and bladder control. These symptoms worsened 7 days after surgery compared to before surgery (p = 0.03, p = 0.048, p = 0.035, p = 0.001, and p = 0.014, respectively). One month after surgery, dyspnea and bladder control worsened (p = 0.007) and (p = 0.007), respectively. However, seizure improved one month after surgery (p = 0.009). Three months after surgery, skin pruritus worsened (p = 0.006). As shown in Table 2.
3.3 Preoperative QLQ-C30 and QLQ-BN20 scores and postoperative changes in patients with BM.
The EORTC QLQ-C30 physical, role and social function dimensions were lower 7 days after the operation compared to pre-operation (80.2 ± 24.0 vs. 57.0 ± 32.0, u = -3.669, p < 0.001), (68.3 ± 30.8 vs. 50.4 ± 31.7, u = -2.512, p = 0.012), (84.9 ± 19.1 vs. 73.3 ± 24.7, u = -2.258, p = 0.024), respectively. The symptoms, including fatigue and diarrhea, were lower 7 days after the operation compared to pre-operation (p = 0. 044), (p = 0.007), respectively. There was a statistically significant difference in the EORTC QoL-BN20 scores for weakness of the legs, which was lower 7 days after the operation compared to pre-operation (p = 0.03). One month after the operation, future uncertainty and headache worsened (p = 0.031), (p = 0.005), respectively. However, cognitive function improved (p = 0.018) one month after the operation. Three months after the operation, dyspnea worsened (p = 0.031). As shown in Table 3.
3.4 Factors Associated with HRQoL in patients with glioma during follow-up.
Single element analysis was completed prior to the MLR and statistically significant variables were subsequently included. The results of the MLR did not indicate multicollinearity between the included variables. Table 4 shows the estimates for the association between the selected variables and fatigue, motor dysfunction, communication deficit, and leg weakness 7 days after surgery. For example, age (0.6; 95% CI 0.1 to 1.1), education (-1.4; 95% CI -2.7 to -0.1), and right hemisphere (-20.0; 95% CI -30.5 to -9.6) were significantly associated with worse communication deficit at a statistically and clinically relevant level. Supplementary Table 1 shows the estimates of the association between the selected variables and physical function, nausea and vomiting, loss of appetite, future uncertainty, motor dysfunction, communication deficit, and leg weakness one month after surgery. Multiple lobes (-27.3; 95% CI -46.6 to -8.0), subtotal resection (-29.4; 95% CI -57.9 to -0.9), and fGTR (-23.5; 95% CI -41.9 to -5.2) were significantly associated with worse motor dysfunction at a statistically and clinically relevant level. The occipital lobe (44.9; 95% CI 4.6 to 85.3) was significantly associated with better motor dysfunction. Supplementary Table 2 shows the estimates of the association between the selected variables and physical function, role function, emotional function, cognitive function, social function, financial difficulties, and leg weakness three months after surgery. Female gender (23.1; 95% CI 1.1 to 45.0), right hemisphere (34.3; 95% CI 12.9 to 55.8), and subtotal resection (72.3; 95% CI 20.7 to 123.8) were significantly associated with better cognitive function at a statistically and clinically relevant level, whereas grade 4 glioma (-64.2; 95% CI -120.4 to -8.1) was significantly associated with worse cognitive function at a statistically and clinically relevant level.
3.5 Factors Associated with HRQoL in Patients with BM During Follow-up.
The results of the MLR did not indicate multicollinearity between the included variables. Table 5 shows the estimates for the association between the selected variables and future uncertainty and headache 7 days after surgery. For example, age (-0.9; 95% CI -1.6 to -0.3) and parietal lobe (-26.1; 95% CI -48.7 to -3.4) were significantly associated with worse headache at a statistically and clinically relevant level. The same table shows the estimates for the association between the selected variables and constipation and visual disturbance one month after surgery. Age (-27.3; 95% CI -46.6 to -8.0), education (-29.4; 95% CI -57.9 to -0.9) and GTR (-61.1; 95% CI -95.2 to -26.9) were significantly associated with worse constipation at a statistically and clinically relevant level. In contrast, BMI (44.9; 95% CI 4.6 to 85.3) and parietal lobe were significantly associated with better constipation. The association between the selected variables and fatigue, nausea and vomiting, visual disturbances, and hair loss three months after surgery. Female gender (-56.1; 95% CI -110.4 to -1.8), education (-4.3; 95% CI -6.7 to -1.9), and GTR (-61.1; 95% CI -95.2 to -26.9) were significantly associated with worse visual disturbance at the statistical level. In contrast, occipital lobe (24.9; 95% CI 13.1 to 36.6) and other lobe of tumor location were significantly associated with better visual disturbance.
Table 1. General information about the enrolled patients with MBT.
|
Malignant brain tumors
(n = 140)
|
t/χ2
|
P
|
Gliomas (n = 98)
|
BM (n = 42)
|
Age, year
|
47.7 ± 13.9
|
55.8 ± 12.2
|
3.669
|
< 0.001†
|
Age, year (GBM)
|
53.1 ± 15.2
|
55.8 ± 12.2
|
-2.944, #1
0.784, #2
|
0.004⁋
0.433†
|
Sex (no. [%])
|
|
|
2.516
|
0.113*
|
Male
|
54 (55.1)
|
17 (40.5)
|
|
|
Female
|
44 (44.9)
|
25 (59.5)
|
|
|
BMI, kg/m2
|
24.4 ± 3.5
|
24.0 ± 3.5
|
0.525
|
0.600⁋
|
Education , year
|
7.4 ± 3.7
|
6.3 ± 3.5
|
-2.099
|
0.036†
|
Side of the tumor
(n. [%])
|
|
|
5.529, λ
5.258, Ө
|
0.055**
0.022*
|
Left hemisphere
|
46 (46.9)
|
11 (26.2)
|
|
|
Right hemisphere
|
50 (51.0)
|
30 (71.4)
|
|
|
Bilateral
|
2 (2.0)
|
1 (2.4)
|
|
|
Tumor Location (n. [%])
|
|
|
14.090
|
0.018**
|
Frontal lobe
|
46 (46.9)
|
17 (40.5)
|
|
|
Temporal lobe
|
20 (20.4)
|
2 (4.8)
|
|
|
Parietal lobe
|
10 (10.2)
|
5 (11.9)
|
|
|
Occipital lobe
|
5 (5.1)
|
6 (14.3)
|
|
|
Insula lobe
|
0 (0)
|
1 (2.4)
|
|
|
Multiple lobes
|
15 (15.3)
|
7 (16.7)
|
|
|
Other
|
2 (2.0)
|
4 (9.5)
|
|
|
Surgery Option (n. [%])
|
|
|
6.838
|
0.027**
|
biopsy
|
20 (20.4)
|
2 (4.8)
|
|
|
subtotal resection
|
6 (6.1)
|
1 (2.4)
|
|
|
gross-total resection
|
72 (73.5)
|
39 (92.9)
|
|
|
Disease Stage (n. [%])
|
|
|
|
|
Newly diagnosis
|
78 (79.6)
|
NA
|
|
|
Recurrence
|
20 (20.4)
|
NA
|
|
|
KPS
|
86.9 ± 14.4
|
NA
|
|
|
Grade (Glioma only)
(n. [%])
|
|
|
|
|
1
|
3 (3.0)
|
NA
|
|
|
2
|
33 (33.6)
|
NA
|
|
|
3
|
28 (28.5%)
|
NA
|
|
|
4
|
34 (34.6)
|
NA
|
|
|
Protopathy (BMT only) (n. [%])
|
|
|
|
|
Lung cancer
|
NA
|
26 (62.0)
|
|
|
Breast cancer
|
NA
|
8 (19.0)
|
|
|
Others§
|
NA
|
8 (19.0)
|
|
|
Abbreviation: GBM = Glioblastoma Multiforme; BMI = Body mass index;
⁋ t test.
† Mann‒Whitney U test.
* Chi-square test of Pearson.
** Chi-square exact test of Fisher.
#1 Two groups: Age of GBM versus other gliomas. #2 Age of GBM versus brain metastatic tumors.
Ө Two groups: left hemisphere versus right hemisphere.
λ Three groups: left hemisphere, right hemisphere and bilateral.
§ Others included colorectal cancer, renal cancer, frontal sinus squamous cell carcinoma, and atrial myxoma.
Table 2: Baseline QLQ-C30 and QLQ-BN20 scores and postoperative changes in patients with glioma.
All subscales
|
Preop.
Mean (SD) &
Medium (IQR)
(n = 98)
|
7 days postop.
Mean (SD) &
Medians (IQR)
(n = 88)
|
u1
|
p2
|
One month postop.
Mean (SD) &
Medium (IQR)
(n = 45)
|
u2
|
p2
|
Three months postop.
Mean (SD) &
Medium (IQR)
(n = 33)
|
u3
|
p3
|
QLQ-C30
|
GHS
|
69.1 ± 22.7
66.7 (50, 83.3)
|
59.2 ± 25.7
58.3 (50, 75)
|
-2.541
|
0.011*
|
72.4 ± 21.2
70.8 (58.3, 91.7)
|
0.678
|
0.498
|
71.2 ± 20.9
66.7 (58.3, 83.3)
|
0.448
|
0.654
|
PF
|
87.4 ± 20.7
100 (80, 100)
|
66.4 ± 29.5
73.3 (46.7, 93.3)
|
-5.753
|
< 0.001*
|
83.6 ± 24.7
93.3 (73.3, 100)
|
-0.955
|
0.340
|
84.9 ± 25.9
93.3 (83.3, 100)
|
-0.639
|
0.523
|
RF
|
79.6 ± 28.6
100 (66.7, 100)
|
60.8 ± 31.1
66.7 (33.3, 95.8)
|
-4.445
|
< 0.001*
|
75.9 ± 30.1
83.3 (66.7, 100)
|
-0.905
|
0.365
|
83.3 ± 28.0
100 (83.3, 100)
|
0.752
|
0.452
|
EF
|
84.4 ± 15.4
83.3 (75, 100)
|
86.0 ± 16.5
91.7 (75, 100)
|
0.987
|
0.323
|
86.1 ± 13.5
83.3 (83.3, 100)
|
0.528
|
0.598
|
83.6 ± 19.6
91.7 (75, 100)
|
0.095
|
0.924
|
CF
|
79.4 ± 21.8
83.3 (66.7, 100)
|
70.3 ± 28.2
83.3 (50, 100)
|
-2.116
|
0.034*
|
76.3 ± 27.6
83.3 (66.7, 100)
|
-0.227
|
0.820
|
79.3 ± 27.6
83.3 (66.7, 100)
|
0.583
|
0.560
|
SF
|
82.8 ± 21.3
100 (66.7, 100)
|
79.0 ± 25.2
83.3 (66.7, 100)
|
-0.889
|
0.374
|
78.2 ± 25.8
83.3 (66.7, 100)
|
-0.982
|
0.326
|
77.8 ± 26.2
83.3 (66.7, 100)
|
-0.902
|
0.367
|
FA
|
22.1 ± 24.3
11.1 (0, 33.3)
|
34.3 ± 25.4
33.3 (11.1, 52.8)
|
3.712
|
< 0.001*
|
19.5 ± 20.8
11.1 (0, 33.3)
|
-0.353
|
0.724
|
22.6 ± 22.3
22.2 (0, 33.3)
|
0.427
|
0.670
|
NV
|
6.0 ± 12.3
0 (0, 0)
|
10.2 ± 19.8
0 (0, 16.7)
|
1.068
|
0.285
|
6.3 ± 16.8
0 (0, 0)
|
-0.230
|
0.818
|
4.0 ± 9.3
0 (0, 0)
|
-0.684
|
0.494
|
PA
|
12.9 ± 22.3
0 (0, 16.7)
|
20.3 ± 21.2
16.7 (0, 33.3)
|
3.359
|
0.001*
|
7.4 ± 14.5
0 (0, 16.7)
|
-1.219
|
0.223
|
10.1 ± 23.2
0 (0, 16.7)
|
-0.933
|
0.351
|
DY
|
3.4 ± 11.2
0 (0, 0)
|
4.6 ± 11.5
0 (0, 0)
|
0.925
|
0.335
|
9.6 ± 16.9
0 (0, 33.3)
|
2.720
|
0.007*
|
5.1 ± 14.7
0 (0, 0)
|
0.512
|
0.609
|
IN
|
11.2 ± 21.9
0 (0, 33.3)
|
13.6 ± 20.6
0 (0, 33.3)
|
1.275
|
0.202
|
9.6 ± 19.6
0 (0, 0)
|
-0.394
|
0.694
|
13.1 ± 23.5
0 (0, 33.3)
|
0.329
|
0.743
|
AL
|
14.3 ± 25.3
0 (0, 33.3)
|
21.6 ± 29.5
0 (0, 33.3)
|
1.891
|
0.059
|
12.6 ± 25.9
0 (0, 16.7)
|
-0.658
|
0.511
|
10.1 ± 17.6
0 (0, 33.3)
|
-0.510
|
0.610
|
CO
|
9.9 ± 21.0
0 (0, 0)
|
17.8 ± 25.7
0 (0, 33.3)
|
2.466
|
0.014*
|
16.3 ± 27.2
0 (0, 33.3)
|
1.462
|
0.144
|
17.2 ± 27.8
0 (0, 33.3)
|
1.593
|
0.111
|
DI
|
4.4 ± 12.3
0 0(, 0)
|
0.8 ± 5.0
0 (0, 33.3)
|
-2.572
|
0.01*
|
2.2 ± 8.4
0 (0, 0)
|
-1.019
|
0.308
|
8.1 ± 14.5
0 (0, 16.7)
|
1.616
|
0.106
|
FD
|
24.2 ± 27.4
33.3 0(, 33.3)
|
24.6 ± 29.7
0 (0, 33.3)
|
-0.108
|
0.914
|
31.9 ± 32.5
33.3 (0, 33.3)
|
1.261
|
0.207
|
35.4 ± 34.3
33.3 (0, 66.7)
|
1.614
|
0.107
|
QLQ-BN20
|
FU
|
18.3 ± 15.7
16.7 (8.3, 33.3)
|
18.5 ± 17.9
16.7 (0, 33.3)
|
-0.336
|
0.737
|
17.8 ± 19.7
16.7 (0, 25)
|
-0.725
|
0.468
|
15.4 ± 17.7
8.3 (0, 20.8)
|
-1.232
|
0.218
|
VD
|
10.1 ± 15.6
0 (0, 22.2)
|
13.4 ± 19.7
0 (0, 22.2)
|
0.840
|
0.401
|
15.1 ± 24.1
0 (0, 22.2)
|
0.852
|
0.394
|
12.8 ± 18.0
0 (0, 22.2)
|
0.855
|
0.393
|
MD
|
12.4 ± 18.5
0 (0, 22.2)
|
20.8 ± 25.5
11.1 (0, 33.3)
|
2.173
|
0.030*
|
13.1 ± 22.6
0 (0, 22.2)
|
-0.121
|
0.904
|
17.8 ± 26.5
11.1 (0, 33.3)
|
0.894
|
0.371
|
CD
|
14.4 ± 24.0
0 (0, 22.2)
|
21.5 ± 24.8
11.1 (0, 33.3)
|
2.560
|
0.010*
|
22.2 ± 27.8
11.1 (0, 38.9)
|
1.840
|
0.066
|
17.2 ± 21.4
11.1 (0, 33.3)
|
1.128
|
0.259
|
HA
|
22.3 ± 26.2
33.3 (0, 33.3)
|
26.5 ± 24.8
33.3 (0, 33.3)
|
1.398
|
0.162
|
14.8 ± 25.2
0 (0, 33.3)
|
-1.933
|
0.053
|
15.2 ± 25.1
0 (0, 33.3)
|
-1.616
|
0.106
|
SE
|
11.3 ± 24.5
0 (0, 0)
|
6.1 ± 17.2
0 (0, 0)
|
-1.504
|
0.133
|
1.5 ± 6.9
0 (0, 0)
|
-2.632
|
0.009*
|
6.1 ± 15.5
0 (0, 0)
|
-0.902
|
0.367
|
DR
|
21.0 ± 25.6
0 (0, 33.3)
|
28.4 ± 27.5
33.3 (0, 33.3)
|
1.978
|
0.048*
|
16.3 ± 24.2
0 (0, 33.3)
|
-1.084
|
0.278
|
16.2 ± 22.2
0 (0, 33.3)
|
-0.859
|
0.390
|
HL
|
8.3 ± 16.7
0 (0, 0)
|
3.8 ± 11.8
0 (0, 0)
|
-2.108
|
0.035*
|
3.7 ± 10.6
0 (0, 0)
|
-1.551
|
0.121
|
13.1 ± 22.0
0 (0, 33.3)
|
1.303
|
0.193
|
IS
|
3.1 ± 9.7
0 (0, 0)
|
3.0 ± 10.9
0 (0, 0)
|
-0.294
|
0.769
|
5.9 ± 14.7
0 (0, 0)
|
1.132
|
0.257
|
14.1 ± 26.4
0 (0, 33.3)
|
2.731
|
0.006*
|
WL
|
12.0 ± 20.5
0 (0, 33.3)
|
26.5 ± 32.0
16.7 (0, 33.3)
|
3.255
|
0.001*
|
21.5 ± 29.4
0 (0, 33.3)
|
1.882
|
0.060
|
16.2 ± 23.7
0 (0, 33.3)
|
0.980
|
0.327
|
BC
|
1.0 ± 5.8
0 (0, 0)
|
3.0 ± 10.9
0 (0, 0)
|
1.467
|
0.014*
|
6.7 ± 16.8
0 (0, 0)
|
2.720
|
0.007*
|
5.1 ± 18.9
0 (0, 0)
|
1.435
|
0.151
|
*P < 0.05; Abbreviations: GHS = Global Health Status; PF = Physical Function; RF = Role Function; EF = Emotional Function; CF = Cognitive Function; SF = Social Function; FA = Fatigue; NV = Nausea and Vomiting; PA = Pain; DY = Dyspnea; IN = Insomnia; AP = Appetite Loss; CO = Constipation; DI = Diarrhea; FD = Financial Difficulties; FU = Future Uncertainty; VD = Visual Disturbance; MD = Motor Dysfunction; CD = Communication Deficit; HA = Headache; SE = Seizures; DR = Drowsiness; HL = Hair Loss; IS = Itching Skin; WL = Weakness of the Legs; BC = Bladder Control;
Table 3: Baseline QLQ-C30 and QLQ-BN20 scores and postoperative changes in patients with BM.
All subscales
|
preop.
Mean (SD) &
Medium (IQR)
(n = 42)
|
7 days postop.
Mean (SD) & Medians (IQR)
(n = 40)
|
u1
|
p2
|
One month postop.
Mean (SD) & Medians (IQR)
(n = 21)
|
u2
|
p2
|
Three months postop.
Mean (SD) & Medians (IQR)
(n = 13)
|
u3
|
p3
|
EORTC
QLQ-C30
|
GHS
|
67.5 ± 23.6
66.7 (50, 83.3)
|
63.7 ± 21.8
66.7 (50, 87.5)
|
-0.843
|
0.399
|
69.8 ± 22.0
66.7 (50, 87.5)
|
0.316
|
0.752
|
78.5 ± 13.0
79.2 (66.7, 83.3)
|
1.412
|
0.158
|
PF
|
80.2 ± 24.0
86.7 (71.7, 100)
|
57 ± 32.0
63.3 (33.3, 85)
|
-3.669
|
< 0.001*
|
80.6 ± 24.4
93.3 (70, 96.7)
|
-0.156
|
0.876
|
86.2 ± 29.6
100 (93.3, 100)
|
1.489
|
0.137
|
RF
|
68.3 ± 30.8
66.7 (33.3, 100)
|
50.4 ± 31.7
50 (33.3, 79.2)
|
-2.512
|
0.012*
|
65.9 ± 35.5
66.7 (33.3, 100)
|
-0.121
|
0.904
|
78.2 ± 30.0
83.3 (75, 100)
|
1.044
|
0.297
|
EF
|
82.9 ± 19.1
87.5 (72.9, 100)
|
84.6 ± 19.6
91.7 (75, 100)
|
0.319
|
0.750
|
81.8 ± 20.2
91.7 (66.7, 100)
|
-0.445
|
0.657
|
82.7 ± 25.1
91.7 (79.2, 100)
|
0.289
|
0.772
|
CF
|
71.8 ± 19.3
66.7 (50, 83.3)
|
68.8 ± 28.3
66.7 (50, 100)
|
-0.109
|
0.913
|
81.8 ± 25.2
83.3 (75, 100)
|
2.362
|
0.018*
|
82.1 ± 23.0
83.3 (83.3, 100)
|
1.894
|
0.058
|
SF
|
84.9 ± 19.1
83.3 (66.7, 100)
|
73.3 ± 24.7
83.3 (54.2, 100)
|
-2.258
|
0.024*
|
73.8 ± 27.2
66.7 (66.7, 100)
|
-1.728
|
0.084
|
82.1 ± 30.8
100 (75, 100)
|
0.620
|
0.535
|
FA
|
23.8 ± 26.6
11.1 (0, 44.4)
|
35.6 ± 28.6
33.3 (11.1, 63.9)
|
2.015
|
0.044*
|
16.9 ± 22.4
11.1 (0, 33.3)
|
-0.886
|
0.376
|
17.1 ± 30.0
0 (0, 22.2)
|
-1.234
|
0.217
|
NV
|
9.1 ± 17.3
0 (0, 16.7)
|
11.7 ± 21.1
0 (0, 29.2)
|
0.182
|
0.856
|
5.6 ± 11.0
0 (0, 8.3)
|
-0.533
|
0.594
|
9.0 ± 27.7
0 (0, 0)
|
-0.869
|
0.385
|
PA
|
25.4 ± 28.6
16.7 (0, 37.5)
|
20 ± 28.0
0 (0, 33.3)
|
-1.170
|
0.242
|
15.9 ± 23.3
0 (0, 33.3)
|
-1.368
|
0.171
|
14.1 ± 23.4
0 (0, 16.7)
|
-1.331
|
0.183
|
DY
|
4.8 ± 13.9
0 (0, 0)
|
5.8 ± 12.8
0 (0, 0)
|
0.658
|
0.510
|
6.4 ± 17.1
0 (0, 0)
|
0.290
|
0.772
|
18.0 ± 29.2
0 (0, 33.3)
|
2.157
|
0.031*
|
IN
|
18.3 ± 25.7
0 (0, 33.3)
|
15 ± 26.1
0 (0, 33.3)
|
-0.827
|
0.408
|
9.5 ± 18.7
0 (0, 16.7)
|
-1.352
|
0.176
|
15.4 ± 29.2
0 (0, 33.3)
|
-0.597
|
0.550
|
AL
|
20.6 ± 32.1
0 (0, 33.3)
|
21.7 ± 32.5
0 (0, 33.3)
|
0.162
|
0.871
|
17.5 ± 22.7
0 (0, 33.3)
|
0.126
|
0.900
|
20.5 ± 32.0
0 (0, 33.3)
|
0.081
|
0.936
|
CO
|
13.5 ± 26.6
0 (0, 33.3)
|
24.2 ± 35.4
0 (0, 33.3)
|
1.450
|
0.147
|
15.9 ± 20.1
0 (0, 33.3)
|
1.070
|
0.285
|
15.4 ± 37.6
0 (0, 0)
|
-0.546
|
0.585
|
DI
|
7.1 ± 17.3
0 (0, 0)
|
0 ± 0
0 (0, 0)
|
-2.681
|
0.007*
|
6.4 ± 17.1
0 (0, 0)
|
-0.230
|
0.818
|
12.8 ± 21.7
0 (0, 33.3)
|
1.081
|
0.280
|
FD
|
30. 2 ± 31.1
33.3 (0, 41.7)
|
27.5 ± 30.1
33.3 (0, 33.3)
|
-0.386
|
0.699
|
38.1 ± 30.3
33.3 (16.7, 66.7)
|
1.075
|
0.283
|
25.6 ± 20.0
33.3 (0, 33.3)
|
-0.159
|
0.873
|
EORTC
QLQ-BN20
|
FU
|
23.6 ± 18.4
20.8 (8.3, 41.7)
|
16.9 ± 17.9
16.7 (2.1, 22.9)
|
-1.719
|
0.086
|
14.7 ± 19.3
8.3 (0, 25)
|
-2.155
|
0.031*
|
17.3 ± 16.5
8.3 (8.3, 25.0)
|
-1.016
|
0.310
|
VD
|
16.7 ± 18.7
11.1 (0, 22.2)
|
19.2 ± 20.9
11.1 (0, 33.3)
|
0.457
|
0.647
|
19.1 ± 20.5
11.1 (0, 33.3)
|
0.394
|
0.693
|
17.1 ± 20.6
11.1 (0, 27.8)
|
0.010
|
-0.992
|
MD
|
18.5 ± 23.1
11.1 (0, 33.3)
|
22.8 ± 25.8
11.1 (2.8, 22.2)
|
0.970
|
0.332
|
13.2 ± 19.1
11.1 (0, 22.2)
|
-0.783
|
0.434
|
17.1 ± 31.3
0 (0, 22.2)
|
-0.904
|
0.366
|
CD
|
11.9 ± 21.3
0 (0, 13.9)
|
11.1 ± 18.1
0 (0, 19.4)
|
-0.116
|
0.907
|
9.0 ± 12.0
0 (0, 11.1)
|
0.203
|
0.839
|
12.8 ± 13.5
11.1 (0, 27.8)
|
1.056
|
0.291
|
HA
|
31.0 ± 24.9
33.3 (0, 33.3)
|
25.0 ± 25.9
33.3 (0, 33.3)
|
-1.100
|
0.271
|
14.3 ± 24.9
0 (0, 33.3)
|
-2.823
|
0.005*
|
30.8 ± 28.7
33.3 (0, 33.3)
|
-0.196
|
0.884
|
SE
|
4.8 ± 15.7
0 (0, 0)
|
3.3 ± 12.6
0 (0, 0)
|
-0.345
|
0.730
|
0 ± 0
0 (0, 0)
|
-1.449
|
0.147
|
5.1 ± 12.5
0 (0, 0)
|
0.513
|
0.608
|
DR
|
19.1 ± 22.3
0 (0, 33.3)
|
25 ± 27.0
33.3 (0, 33.3)
|
0.917
|
0.359
|
11.1 ± 24.3
0 (0, 16.7)
|
-1.736
|
0.083
|
23.1 ± 37.0
0 (0, 33.3)
|
-0.244
|
0.807
|
HL
|
6.4 ± 18.4
0 (0, 0)
|
3.3 ± 10.1
0 (0, 0)
|
-0.376
|
0.707
|
3.2 ± 10.0
0 (0, 0)
|
-0.361
|
0.718
|
7.7. ± 14.6
0 (0, 16.7)
|
0.841
|
0.400
|
IS
|
8.7 ± 20.9
0 (0, 0)
|
4.2 ± 11.2
0 (0, 0)
|
-0.878
|
0.380
|
11.1 ± 21.9
0 (0, 16.7)
|
0.476
|
0.634
|
10.3 ± 16.0
0 (0, 33.3)
|
0.772
|
0.440
|
WL
|
16.7 ± 23.6
0 (0, 33.3)
|
31.7 ± 32.9
33.3 (0, 58.3)
|
2.172
|
0.030*
|
15.9 ± 20.1
0 (0, 33.3)
|
0.109
|
0.913
|
18.0 ± 32.2
0 (0, 33.3)
|
-0.267
|
0.789
|
BC
|
4.8 ± 13.9
0 (0, 0)
|
5.8 ± 16.7
0 (0, 0)
|
0.123
|
0.902
|
7.9 ± 18.0
0 (0, 0)
|
0.768
|
0.442
|
10.3 ± 28.5
0 (0, 0)
|
0.394
|
0.694
|
*P < 0.05;
Table 4. The MLR results of selected HRQoL scales for patients with glioma (7 days after surgery).
Variable
|
GHS
Beta (95% CI)
|
FA
Beta (95% CI)
|
MF
Beta (95% CI)
|
CD
Beta (95% CI)
|
WL
Beta (95% CI)
|
Male
|
Ref
|
Ref
|
Ref
|
Ref
|
Ref
|
Female
|
-2.5 (-14.8, 9.9)
|
3.8 (-7.5, 15.2)
|
11.2 (1.0, 21.4)*
|
-3.6 (-13.7, 6.5)
|
14.2 (1.1, 27.3)*
|
Age, year
|
-0.2 (-0.8, 0.4)
|
0.1 (-0.4, 0.7)
|
0.4 (-0.1, 0.9)
|
0.6 (0.1, 1.1)*
|
0.7 (0.03, 1.3)*
|
BMI, kg/m2
|
1.0 (-0.7, 2.6)
|
0.5 (-1.0, 2.1)
|
-1.2 (-2.5, 0.2)
|
-1.2 (-2.6, 0.2)
|
-0.8 (-2.6, 1.0)
|
Education, year
|
-0.7 (-2.3, 0.9)
|
-0.9 (-2.3, 0.6)
|
0.1 (-1.2, 1.4)
|
-1.4 (-2.7, -0.1)*
|
0.5 (-1.2, 2.2)
|
Biopsy only
|
Ref
|
Ref
|
Ref
|
Ref
|
Ref
|
Sub-resection
|
6.7 (-32.2, 45.6)
|
-18.9 (-54.8, 16.9)
|
6.8 (-25.3, 38.8)
|
-4.4 (-36.2, 27.5)
|
-41.0 (-82.2, 0.3)
|
Total-resection
|
0.9. (-14.9, 16.7)
|
1.2 (-13.4, 15.8)
|
-5.6 (-18.6, 7.5)
|
4.4 (-8.6, 17.3)
|
-11.5 (-28.3, 5.3)
|
Grade
|
|
|
|
|
|
I
|
Ref
|
Ref
|
Ref
|
Ref
|
Ref
|
II
|
-31.2 (-84.3, 21.8)
|
1.4 (-47.4, 50.3)
|
3.3 (-40.4, 47.0)
|
11.5 (-31.9, 54.9)
|
9.5 (-46.7, 65.7)
|
III
|
-32.0 (-86.1, 22.0)
|
5.8 (-44.0, 55.5)
|
8.2 (-36.4, 52.7)
|
21.9 (-22.3, 66.1)
|
28.1 (-29.2, 85.3)
|
IV
|
-28.5 (-81.3, 24.3)
|
1.3 (-47.3, 49.9)
|
2.5 (-41.0, 46.0)
|
3.8 (-39.4, 47.0)
|
13.6 (-42.3, 69.5)
|
Side of the tumor
|
|
|
|
|
|
Left hemisphere
|
Ref
|
Ref
|
Ref
|
Ref
|
Ref
|
Right hemisphere
|
-2.2 (-15.0, 10.6)
|
-2.0 (-13.8, 9.7)
|
-2.8 (-13.3, 7.8)
|
-20.0 (-30.5, -9.6)*
|
0.1 (-13.5, 13.6)
|
Bilateral
|
7.5 (-46.0, 61.1)
|
37.1 (-12.2, 86.4)
|
-42.9 (-87.1, 1.2)
|
-13.2 (-57.0, 30.7)
|
51.5 (-5.3, 108.3)
|
Tumor Location
|
|
|
|
|
|
Frontal lobe
|
Ref
|
Ref
|
Ref
|
Ref
|
Ref
|
Temporal lobe
|
3.1 (-12.6, 18.9)
|
-3.7 (-18.3, 10.8)
|
-13.0 (-26.0, 0.1)
|
7.1 (-5.8, 20.0)
|
-11.0 (-27.8, 5.7)
|
Parietal lobe
|
14.0 (-4.6, 32.5)
|
-17.4 (-34.5, -0.3)*
|
-2.1 (-17.4, 13.2)
|
-0.2 (-15.4, 14.9)
|
-12.9 (-32.5, 6.8)
|
Occipital lobe
|
-8.4 (-39.5, 22.7)
|
-16.7 (-45.3, 12.0)
|
-7.6 (-33.2, 18.1)
|
3.2 (-22.3, 28.6)
|
-18.4 (-51.3, 14.6)
|
Insula lobes
|
-
|
-
|
-
|
-
|
-
|
Multiple Lobes
|
0.2 (-17.0, 17.4)
|
-0.1 (-16.0, 15.8)
|
-10.5 (-24.7, 3.7)
|
4.8 (-9.3, 18.9)
|
-17.2 (-35.5, 1.1)
|
Others
|
21.8 (-15.8, 59.3)
|
-34.8 (-69.4, -0.2)*
|
-18.0 (-49.0, 12.9)
|
2.9 (-27.9, 33.6)
|
-35.3 (-75.1, 4.5)
|
Newly diagnosis
|
Ref
|
Ref
|
Ref
|
Ref
|
Ref
|
Recurrence
|
3.5 (-11.7, 18.8)
|
3.6 (-10.4, 17.7)
|
-1.4 (-14.0, 11.2)
|
4.6 (-7.9, 17.1)
|
-3.0 (-19.2, 13.2)
|
KPS
|
0.4 (0.2, 0.7)
|
-0.5 (-0.7, -0.2)*
|
-0.6 (-0.8, -0.4)*
|
-0.02 (-0.2, 0.2)
|
-0.4 (-0.7, -0.2)*
|
*P < 0.05; Ref, reference; Preop, Preoperation; postop, postoperation;
Table 5. The MLR results of selected HRQoL scales for patients with BM.
Variable
|
7 days postop.
|
One month postop.
|
Three months postop.
|
FU
Beta (95% CI)
|
HA
Beta (95% CI)
|
CO
Beta (95% CI)
|
VD
Beta (95% CI)
|
FA
Beta (95% CI)
|
NV
Beta (95% CI)
|
VD
Beta (95% CI)
|
HL
Beta (95% CI)
|
Male
|
Ref
|
Ref
|
Ref
|
Ref
|
Ref
|
Ref
|
Ref
|
Ref
|
Female
|
6.1 (-5.4, 17.6)
|
-8.8 (-25.3, 7.7)
|
-10.1 (-26.8, 6.5)
|
-15.3 (-37.9, 7.3)
|
-117.7 (-286.2, 50.7)
|
54.4 (-52.1, 160.8)
|
-56.1 (-110.4, -1.8)*
|
32.2 (-11.1, 75.6)
|
Age, year
|
-1.0 (-1.5, -0.5)*
|
-0.9 (-1.6, -0.3)*
|
-1.4 (-2.6, -0.2)*
|
-0.6 (-2.2, 1.0)
|
1.1 (-2.1, 4.4)
|
-1.0 (-3.1, 1.1)
|
-0.2 (-1.3, 0.8)
|
-0.2 (-1.1, 0.6)
|
BMI, kg/m2
|
-0.4 (-2.1, 1.2)
|
-1.2 (-3.6, 1.3)
|
5.3 (3.4, 7.2)*
|
-1.0 (-3.5, 1.6)
|
-0.1 (-4.8, 4.6)
|
0.5 (-2.5, 3.4)
|
-0.2 (-1.7, 1.3)
|
-0.3 (-1.5, 0.9)
|
Education, year
|
-1.2 (-3.1, 0.7)
|
0.9 (-1.8, 3.7)
|
-3.0 (-5.2, -0.8)*
|
-0.9 (-3.9, 2.1)
|
0.04 (-7.4, 7.5)
|
-1.2 (-5.9, 3.5)
|
-4.3 (-6.7, -1.9)*
|
2.9 (1.0, 4.8)*
|
Biopsy only
|
Ref
|
Ref
|
Ref
|
Ref
|
Ref
|
Ref
|
Ref
|
Ref
|
Sub-resection
|
-10.0 (-53.4, 33.4)
|
24.8 (-37.6, 87.2)
|
-
|
-
|
-
|
-
|
-
|
-
|
Total-resection
|
11.0 (-12.2, 34.2)
|
-5.4 (-38.7, 27.9)
|
-61.1 (-95.2, -26.9)*
|
-40.4 (-86.7, 6.0)
|
-
|
-
|
-
|
-
|
Side of the tumor
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Left hemisphere
|
Ref
|
Ref
|
Ref
|
Ref
|
Ref
|
Ref
|
Ref
|
Ref
|
Right hemisphere
|
-10.0 (-22.8, 2.8)
|
6.8 (-11.6, 25.2)
|
-1.1 (-15.1, 12.8)
|
15.2 (-3.7, 34.1)
|
-34.6 (-94.8, 25.7)
|
16.7 (-21.4, 54.7)
|
-4.8 (-24.2, 146)
|
-0.5 (-16.1, 15.0)
|
Bilateral
|
-25.0 (-67.8, 17.9)
|
-27.8 (-89.4, 33.7)
|
-
|
-
|
-
|
-
|
-
|
-
|
Tumor Location
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Frontal lobe
|
Ref
|
Ref
|
Ref
|
Ref
|
Ref
|
Ref
|
Ref
|
Ref
|
Temporal lobe
|
-11.5 (-34.7, 11.7)
|
-15.2 (-48.5, 18.1)
|
-13.7 (-41.6, 14.2)
|
-6.0 (-43.9, 31.9)
|
-155.3 (-376.1, 65.4)
|
67.7 (-71.8, 202.2)
|
-62.6 (-133.7, 8.5)
|
63.3 (6.4, 120.1)*
|
Parietal lobe
|
-7.8 (-23.6, 8.0)
|
-26.1 (-48.7, -3.4)*
|
45.4 (24.4, 66.4)*
|
23.8 (-4.7, 52.3)
|
-
|
-
|
-
|
-
|
Occipital lobe
|
-7.3 (-22.2, 7.7)
|
16.1 (-5.4, 37.6)
|
9.7 (-8.8, 28.2)
|
29.7 (4.5, 54.9)*
|
-13.7 (-50.1, 22.6)
|
2.5 (-20.5, 25.4)
|
24.9 (13.1, 36.6)*
|
6.6 (-2.7, 16.0)
|
Insula lobes
|
-9.9 (-44.1, 24.2)
|
-22.4 (-71.5, 26.7)
|
-
|
-
|
-
|
-
|
-
|
-
|
Multiple Lobes
|
-0.3 (-17.9, 17.3)
|
-3.7 (-29.0, 21.6)
|
-6.1 (-23.0, 10.8)
|
18.0 (-4.9, 41.0)
|
-133.3 (-340.8, 74.2)
|
64.1 (-67.0, 195.3)
|
-46.8 (-113.7, 20.0)
|
34.1 (-19.3, 87.6)
|
Others
|
-2.0 (-25.8, 21.9)
|
32.3 (-2.0, 66.5)
|
-17.3 (-52.9, 18.2)
|
45.3 (-2.9, 93.6)
|
82.2 (15.3, 149.2)*
|
100.1 (57.7, 142.4)*
|
84.0 (62.4, 105.5)*
|
12.1 (-5.2, 29.3)
|
*P < 0.05; Ref, reference;
Table 6. Gliomas VS. BM in different QoL domains.
All subscales
|
Preop.
|
u1
|
p2
|
7 days postop.
|
u2
|
p2
|
One month postop.
|
u3
|
p3
|
Three months postop.
|
u4
|
p4
|
Glioma
|
BM
|
Glioma
|
BM
|
Glioma
|
BM
|
Glioma
|
BM
|
QLQ C-30
|
GHS
|
69.1 ± 22.7
66.7 (50, 83.3)
|
67.5 ± 23.6
66.7 (50, 83.3)
|
-0.287
|
0.774
|
59.2 ± 25.7
58.3 (50, 75)
|
63.7 ± 21.8
66.7 (50, 87.5)
|
0.895
|
0.371
|
72.4 ± 21.2
70.8 (58.3, 91.7)
|
69.8 ± 22.0
66.7 (50, 87.5)
|
-0.404
|
0.686
|
71.2 ± 20.9
66.7 (58.3, 83.3)
|
78.5 ± 13.0
79.2 (66.7, 83.3)
|
0.296
|
0.315
|
PF
|
87.4 ± 20.7
100 (80, 100)
|
80.2 ± 24.0
86.7 (71.7, 100)
|
-2.089
|
0.037*
|
66.4 ± 29.5
73.3 (46.7, 93.3)
|
57.0 ± 32.0
63.3 (33.3, 85)
|
-1.643
|
0.1
|
83.6 ± 24.7
93.3 (73.3, 100)
|
80.6 ± 24.4
93.3 (70, 96.7)
|
-1.09
|
0.276
|
84.9 ± 25.9
93.3 (83.3, 100)
|
86.2 ± 29.6
100 (93.3, 100)
|
0.816
|
0.414
|
RF
|
79.6 ± 28.6
100 (66.7, 100)
|
68.3 ± 30.8
66.7 (33.3, 100)
|
-2.284
|
0.022*
|
60.8 ± 31.1
66.7 (33.3, 95.8)
|
50.4 ± 31.7
50 (33.3, 79.2)
|
-1.666
|
0.096
|
75.9 ± 30.1
83.3 (66.7, 100)
|
65.9 ± 35.5
66.7 (33.3, 100)
|
-1.016
|
0.31
|
83.3 ± 28.0
100 (83.3, 100)
|
78.2 ± 30.0
83.3 (75, 100)
|
-1.061
|
0.289
|
EF
|
84.4 ± 15.4
83.3 (75, 100)
|
82.9 ± 19.1
87.5 (72.9, 100)
|
0.976
|
0.03*
|
86.0 ± 16.5
91.7 (75, 100)
|
84.6 ± 19.6
91.7 (75, 100)
|
0.104
|
0.917
|
86.1 ± 13.5
83.3 (83.3, 100)
|
81.8 ± 20.2
91.7 (66.7, 100)
|
-0.607
|
0.544
|
83.6 ± 19.6
91.7 (75, 100)
|
82.7 ± 25.1
91.7 (79.2, 100)
|
0.588
|
0.557
|
CF
|
79.4 ± 21.8
83.3 (66.7, 100)
|
71.8 ± 19.3
66.7 (50, 83.3)
|
-2.395
|
0.017*
|
70.3 ± 28.2
83.3 (50, 100)
|
68.8 ± 28.3
66.7 (50, 100)
|
-0.331
|
0.741
|
76.3 ± 27.6
83.3 (66.7, 100)
|
81.8 ± 25.2
83.3 (75, 100)
|
0.759
|
0.448
|
79.3 ± 27.6
83.3 (66.7, 100)
|
82.1 ± 23.0
83.3 (83.3, 100)
|
0.052
|
0.959
|
SF
|
82.8 ± 21.3
100 (66.7, 100)
|
84.9 ± 19.1
83.3 (66.7, 100)
|
0.287
|
0.774
|
79.0 ± 25.2
83.3 (66.7, 100)
|
73.3 ± 24.7
83.3 (54.2, 100)
|
-1.473
|
0.141
|
78.2 ± 25.8
83.3 (66.7, 100)
|
73.8 ± 27.2
66.7 (66.7, 100)
|
-0.795
|
0.427
|
77.8 ± 26.2
83.3 (66.7, 100)
|
82.1 ± 30.8
100 (75, 100)
|
1.061
|
0.289
|
FA
|
22.1 ± 24.3
11.1 (0, 33.3)
|
23.8 ± 26.6
11.1 (0, 44.4)
|
0.119
|
0.905
|
34.3 ± 25.4
33.3 (11.1, 52.8)
|
35.6 ± 28.6
33.3 (11.1, 63.9)
|
0.055
|
0.956
|
19.5 ± 20.8
11.1 (0, 33.3)
|
16.9 ± 22.4
11.1 (0, 33.3)
|
-0.713
|
0.476
|
22.6 ± 22.3
22.2 (0, 33.3)
|
17.1 ± 30.0
0 (0, 22.2)
|
-1.554
|
0.12
|
NV
|
6.0 ± 12.3
0 (0, 0)
|
9.1 ± 17.3
0 (0, 16.7)
|
0.792
|
0.429
|
10.2 ± 19.8
0 (0, 16.7)
|
11.7 ± 21.1
0 (0, 29.2)
|
0.133
|
0.894
|
6.3 ± 16.8
0 (0, 0)
|
5.6 ± 11.0
0 (0, 8.3)
|
0.169
|
0.865
|
4.0 ± 9.3
0 (0, 0)
|
9.0 ± 27.7
0 (0, 0)
|
-0.148
|
0.882
|
PA
|
12.9 ± 22.3
0 (0, 16.7)
|
25.4 ± 28.6
16.7 (0, 37.5)
|
2.956
|
0.003*
|
20.3 ± 21.2
16.7 (0, 33.3)
|
20 ± 28.0
0 (0, 33.3)
|
-1.027
|
0.305
|
7.4 ± 14.5
0 (0, 16.7)
|
15.9 ± 23.3
0 (0, 33.3)
|
1.521
|
0.128
|
10.1 ± 23.2
0 (0, 16.7)
|
14.1 ± 23.4
0 (0, 16.7)
|
1.089
|
0.276
|
DY
|
3.4 ± 11.2
0 (0, 0)
|
4.8 ± 13.9
0 (0, 0)
|
0.507
|
0.612
|
4.6 ± 11.5
0 (0, 0)
|
5.8 ± 12.8
0 (0, 0)
|
0.568
|
0.57
|
9.6 ± 16.9
0 (0, 33.3)
|
6.4 ± 17.1
0 (0, 0)
|
-1.02
|
0.308
|
5.1 ± 14.7
0 (0, 0)
|
18.0 ± 29.2
0 (0, 33.3)
|
1.997
|
0.046
|
IN
|
11.2 ± 21.9
0 (0, 33.3)
|
18.3 ± 25.7
0 (0, 33.3)
|
1.796
|
0.072
|
13.6 ± 20.6
0 (0, 33.3)
|
15 ± 26.1
0 (0, 33.3)
|
-0.242
|
0809
|
9.6 ± 19.6
0 (0, 0)
|
9.5 ± 18.7
0 (0, 16.7)
|
0.094
|
0.925
|
13.1 ± 23.5
0 (0, 33.3)
|
15.4 ± 29.2
0 (0, 33.3)
|
0.185
|
0.853
|
AL
|
14.3 ± 25.3
0 (0, 33.3)
|
20.6 ± 32.1
0 (0, 33.3)
|
0.889
|
0.374
|
21.6 ± 29.5
0 (0, 33.3)
|
21.7 ± 32.5
0 (0, 33.3)
|
-0.302
|
0.763
|
12.6 ± 25.9
0 (0, 16.7)
|
17.5 ± 22.7
0 (0, 33.3)
|
1.33
|
0.183
|
10.1 ± 17.6
0 (0, 33.3)
|
20.5 ± 32.0
0 (0, 33.3)
|
0.938
|
0.348
|
CO
|
9.9 ± 21.0
0 (0, 0)
|
13.5 ± 26.6
0 (0, 33.3)
|
0.58
|
0.562
|
17.8 ± 25.7
0 (0, 33.3)
|
24.2 ± 35.4
0 (0, 33.3)
|
0.54
|
0.589
|
16.3 ± 27.2
0 (0, 33.3)
|
15.9 ± 20.1
0 (0, 33.3)
|
0.47
|
0.638
|
17.2 ± 27.8
0 (0, 33.3)
|
15.4 ± 37.6
0 (0, 0)
|
-1.055
|
0.292
|
DI
|
4.4 ± 12.3
0 0(, 0)
|
7.1 ± 17.3
0 (0, 0)
|
0.762
|
0.446
|
0.8 ± 5.0
0 (0, 33.3)
|
0 ± 0
0 (0, 0)
|
-0.957
|
0.338
|
2.2 ± 8.4
0 (0, 0)
|
6.4 ± 17.1
0 (0, 0)
|
1.036
|
0.3
|
8.1 ± 14.5
0 (0, 16.7)
|
12.8 ± 21.7
0 (0, 33.3)
|
0.575
|
0.565
|
FD
|
24.2 ± 27.4
33.3 0(, 33.3)
|
30. 2 ± 31.1
33.3 (0, 41.7)
|
1.016
|
0.31
|
24.6 ± 29.7
0 (0, 33.3)
|
27.5 ± 30.1
33.3 (0, 33.3)
|
0.577
|
0.564
|
31.9 ± 32.5
33.3 (0, 33.3)
|
38.1 ± 30.3
33.3 (16.7, 66.7)
|
0.952
|
0.341
|
35.4 ± 34.3
33.3 (0, 66.7)
|
25.6 ± 20.0
33.3 (0, 33.3)
|
-0.636
|
0.525
|
QLQ BN-20
|
FU
|
18.3 ± 15.7
16.7 (8.3, 33.3)
|
23.6 ± 18.4
20.8 (8.3, 41.7)
|
1.527
|
0.127
|
18.5 ± 17.9
16.7 (0, 33.3)
|
16.9 ± 17.9
16.7 (2.1, 22.9)
|
-0.6
|
0.548
|
17.8 ± 19.7
16.7 (0, 25)
|
14.7 ± 19.3
8.3 (0, 25)
|
-0.869
|
0.385
|
15.4 ± 17.7
8.3 (0, 20.8)
|
17.3 ± 16.5
8.3 (8.3, 25.0)
|
0.55
|
0.582
|
VD
|
10.1 ± 15.6
0 (0, 22.2)
|
16.7 ± 18.7
11.1 (0, 22.2)
|
2.243
|
0.025*
|
13.4 ± 19.7
0 (0, 22.2)
|
19.2 ± 20.9
11.1 (0, 33.3)
|
1.851
|
0.064
|
15.1 ± 24.1
0 (0, 22.2)
|
19.1 ± 20.5
11.1 (0, 33.3)
|
1.226
|
0.22
|
12.8 ± 18.0
0 (0, 22.2)
|
17.1 ± 20.6
11.1 (0, 27.8)
|
0.794
|
0.427
|
MD
|
12.4 ± 18.5
0 (0, 22.2)
|
18.5 ± 23.1
11.1 (0, 33.3)
|
1.593
|
0.111
|
20.8 ± 25.5
11.1 (0, 33.3)
|
22.8 ± 25.8
11.1 (2.8, 22.2)
|
0.894
|
0.371
|
13.1 ± 22.6
0 (0, 22.2)
|
13.2 ± 19.1
11.1 (0, 22.2)
|
0.488
|
0.626
|
17.8 ± 26.5
11.1 (0, 33.3)
|
17.1 ± 31.3
0 (0, 22.2)
|
-0.594
|
0.552
|
CD
|
14.4 ± 24.0
0 (0, 22.2)
|
11.9 ± 21.3
0 (0, 13.9)
|
-0.231
|
0.818
|
21.5 ± 24.8
11.1 (0, 33.3)
|
11.1 ± 18.1
0 (0, 19.4)
|
-2.473
|
0.013*
|
22.2 ± 27.8
11.1 (0, 38.9)
|
9.0 ± 12.0
0 (0, 11.1)
|
-1.418
|
0.156
|
17.2 ± 21.4
11.1 (0, 33.3)
|
12.8 ± 13.5
11.1 (0, 27.8)
|
-0.142
|
0.887
|
HA
|
22.3 ± 26.2
33.3 (0, 33.3)
|
31.0 ± 24.9
33.3 (0, 33.3)
|
2.103
|
0.035*
|
26.5 ± 24.8
33.3 (0, 33.3)
|
25.0 ± 25.9
33.3 (0, 33.3)
|
-0.351
|
0.725
|
14.8 ± 25.2
0 (0, 33.3)
|
14.3 ± 24.9
0 (0, 33.3)
|
0.034
|
0.973
|
15.2 ± 25.1
0 (0, 33.3)
|
30.8 ± 28.7
33.3 (0, 33.3)
|
2.065
|
0.039*
|
SE
|
11.3 ± 24.5
0 (0, 0)
|
4.8 ± 15.7
0 (0, 0)
|
-1.694
|
0.09
|
6.1 ± 17.2
0 (0, 0)
|
3.3 ± 12.6
0 (0, 0)
|
-0.986
|
0.324
|
1.5 ± 6.9
0 (0, 0)
|
0 ± 0
0 (0, 0)
|
-0.974
|
0.33
|
6.1 ± 15.5
0 (0, 0)
|
5.1 ± 12.5
0 (0, 0)
|
-0.02
|
0.984
|
DR
|
21.0 ± 25.6
0 (0, 33.3)
|
19.1 ± 22.3
0 (0, 33.3)
|
-0.188
|
0.85
|
28.4 ± 27.5
33.3 (0, 33.3)
|
25 ± 27.0
33.3 (0, 33.3)
|
-0.672
|
0.502
|
16.3 ± 24.2
0 (0, 33.3)
|
11.1 ± 24.3
0 (0, 16.7)
|
-1.097
|
0.273
|
16.2 ± 22.2
0 (0, 33.3)
|
23.1 ± 37.0
0 (0, 33.3)
|
0.183
|
0.855
|
HL
|
8.3 ± 16.7
0 (0, 0)
|
6.4 ± 18.4
0 (0, 0)
|
-1.181
|
0.238
|
3.8 ± 11.8
0 (0, 0)
|
3.3 ± 10.1
0 (0, 0)
|
-0.059
|
0.953
|
3.7 ± 10.6
0 (0, 0)
|
3.2 ± 10.0
0 (0, 0)
|
-0.194
|
0.847
|
13.1 ± 22.0
0 (0, 33.3)
|
7.7. ± 14.6
0 (0, 16.7)
|
-0.716
|
0.474
|
IS
|
3.1 ± 9.7
0 (0, 0)
|
8.7 ± 20.9
0 (0, 0)
|
1.68
|
0.093
|
3.0 ± 10.9
0 (0, 0)
|
4.2 ± 11.2
0 (0, 0)
|
0.789
|
0.43
|
5.9 ± 14.7
0 (0, 0)
|
11.1 ± 21.9
0 (0, 16.7)
|
0.893
|
0.372
|
14.1 ± 26.4
0 (0, 33.3)
|
10.3 ± 16.0
0 (0, 33.3)
|
-0.015
|
0.988
|
WL
|
12.0 ± 20.5
0 (0, 33.3)
|
16.7 ± 23.6
0 (0, 33.3)
|
1.1
|
0.271
|
26.5 ± 32.0
16.7 (0, 33.3)
|
31.7 ± 32.9
33.3 (0, 58.3)
|
0.945
|
0.345
|
21.5 ± 29.4
0 (0, 33.3)
|
15.9 ± 20.1
0 (0, 33.3)
|
-0.404
|
0.687
|
16.2 ± 23.7
0 (0, 33.3)
|
18.0 ± 32.2
0 (0, 33.3)
|
-0.272
|
0.786
|
BC
|
1.0 ± 5.8
0 (0, 0)
|
4.8 ± 13.9
0 (0, 0)
|
2.058
|
0.04*
|
3.0 ± 10.9
0 (0, 0)
|
5.8 ± 16.7
0 (0, 0)
|
0.86
|
0.39
|
6.7 ± 16.8
0 (0, 0)
|
7.9 ± 18.0
0 (0, 0)
|
0.34
|
0.734
|
5.1 ± 18.9
0 (0, 0)
|
10.3 ± 28.5
0 (0, 0)
|
0.632
|
0.527
|
*P < 0.05;