Antibiotics are the key drugs for treatment of infections and are among the most commonly prescribed drugs in Mizan prison clinic. According to this study, the most frequently prescribed individual antimicrobial agents were amoxicillin, metronidazole, ciprofloxacilin, B.penicillin, Tinidazole and doxycycline slight diffrence were observed compared to Study done on antibiotic utilization pattern in a italy prison were the most frequently prescribed antimicrobial was amoxicillin and clavulanic acid, followed by amoxicillin, macrolides and third-generation cephalosporin’s and this variation is possibly justified by being different setting and availability of potential alternative antibiotic in the setting. [18].
This was different from other study done in Nekemte showed that,. From the total of antibiotics, cotrimoxazole was the most frequently prescribed followed by amoxicillin and also chloramphenicol, gentamicine, cephalexin, and crystalline penicillin.
The study done in Nekemte showed that, the total of drugs including antibiotics were prescribed to the total of 341 patients; out of which 373 were antibiotics. From the total of antibiotics, cotrimoxazole was the most frequently prescribed followed by amoxicillin and also chloramphenicol, gentamicine, cephalexin, ceftriaxone, crystalline penicillin. Doxycycline and procaine Penicillin Fortified were prescribed for only two patients each and norfloxacin and azithromycin were prescribed for one patient each. In this study the most commonly prescribed classes of antibiotics includes penicillin followed by sulfonamides, cephalosporin and the least prescribed class was macrolides and tetracycline [23].
Concerning to the clinical indication, this study showed that the most common reason for which antibiotics prescribed was community acquired pneumonia followed by typhoid, urinary tract infection, Giardiasis, amobiasis, diarrhea, tonsillitis, eye infection and others.
Similar study done in Saudi Arabia showed that the most prevalent indications for prescribing were respiratory tract infections. All antibiotics prescribed were broad-spectrum. Antibiotics were prescribed for patients with malaria and also in situations where diagnosis was uncertain [20].and also similar study in Italy prison showed that, URTI and dental infections. Among the URTI, pharyngitis, acute bronchitis, influenza, common cold, and were rhino-sinusitis, where as among dental infections symptomatic irreversible pulpits with or without symptomatic apical periodontitis, and pulp necrosis and symptomatic apical periodontitis/pulp necrosis and localized acute apical abscess [18].
Regarding to the route of administration, the majority 140(49.7%) of antimicrobial were prescribed by oral followed by parenteral 13(6.9%), syrup12 (6.4%), and eyedrop14 (7.4%). This was similar with study done in Italy prison the route of administration was oral in 84.8% and intramuscular.
In this study, the empirical diagnosis is 129(68.9%) and laboratory diagnosis 58(31%) antimicrobial agents were amoxicillin, doxycycline, ciprofloxacilin, B.penicillin, Tinidazole, albendazole, gentamicine and metronidazole, this is because those drugs can be used in a wide variety of disease conditions in clinic patients, easily availability ,available in different dosage forms, preferred in severe cases due to its fast onset of action.