Research on Information Management of Prefabricated Component Hoisting Construction Based on Dynamo

doi:10.21203/rs.3.rs-3971568/v1

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Research on Information Management of Prefabricated Component Hoisting Construction Based on Dynamo

https://doi.org/10.21203/rs.3.rs-3971568/v1

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The application of Building Information Modeling (BIM) in the management of prefabricated component lifting operations in prefabricated construction can significantly improve construction efficiency. However, due to its high level of complexity and cost, it has not been widely adopted. To address this issue, this study focuses on the research of lifting operation information management based on Dynamo. By integrating BIM, Dynamo and mobile information management servers, a comprehensive system for managing prefabricated component lifting operation information is created. First, the paper elaborates on the detailed process of prefabricated component lifting operation information management based on Dynamo, covering the construction preparation stage and the lifting construction stage. Subsequently, Dynamo is utilized to develop programs for information input and processing, component sorting, and component coding and QR code generation. Furthermore, a mobile information management server is employed to build an information management application. By scanning Dynamo-generated QR codes, workers can access basic information about components, as well as upload construction and quality inspection data. Furthermore, this application facilitates information sharing and real-time data collection. Finally, this method is tested in a case study involving the lifting operation of composite slabs. The results show that the management system developed based on Dynamo can effectively improve the efficiency of hoisting construction information management prefabricated components of modular construction, reduce management costs, and promote sustainable development of engineering construction.

Information Management

Dynamo

Prefabricated Components

Construction

The lifting operation of precast components is a critical stage in the construction process of prefabricated building, as it significantly impacts the project's cost, schedule, and quality objectives (Katiyar and Kumar, 2023). During the lifting process of prefabricated components, accurate identification of component identities, obtaining component location information, and timely collection of construction information are essential to effectively prevent issues such as component loss, difficulties in locating components and installation errors (Zhang, 2021). These measures ensure the orderly progress of construction. To achieve these goals, researchers have conducted numerous in-depth studies.

Currently, researchers are focusing on using Building Information Modeling (BIM) to support lifting operation (Begi and Gali, 2022). BIM has enabled the creation of a unified database using building models. This provides powerful support for managing a large number of prefabricated components with similar shapes. BIM and modular construction are naturally compatible (Divin,2020).

Existing research mainly focuses on integrating BIM, information management platforms and automatic identification technologies (Hartmann et al., 2012). This integration aims to achieve identification and information collection of prefabricated components (Liu and Zou, 2021). Additionally, it addresses the storage of engineering information. In these approaches, BIM serves primarily as a database responsible for storing and providing engineering information. The processing of information relies on dedicated information management platforms. The intelligent identification, tracking, monitoring, and management prefabricated components are achieved through the use of automatic identification technologies such as RFID (Radio Frequency Identification), QR codes (Liu, 2020; Wang, 2022; Hu et al., 2018; Bradley et al., 2016). The integration of BIM, information management platforms, and automatic identification technologies allows for comprehensive collection and storage of construction information, facilitating timely sharing and communication. The integration has positively impacted information management during lifting operations (Jordan et al., 2019).

However, these methods still have limitations, such as high costs and difficulties, particularly in the development of information management platforms and the BIM integration with these platforms. These jobs have a large workload and require developers with specialized programming knowledge. These places high demands on the financial and technical strength of the construction company (Liu, 2015; Borhani et al., 2017; Li, 2021). Although construction companies can purchase information management platforms offered by BIM companies, but these generic platforms can only provide basic functionalities and may not effectively address complex and ever-changing engineering challenges. Moreover, the difficulty and cost of customizing these platforms to meet specific user requirements remain high (Yang, 2018). Undoubtedly, this hinders the application and promotion of new methods. Therefore, the question of how to achieve information support for the lifting operation using BIM in a simple, convenient, and cost-effective manner has been raised.

In this Research, which Purpose is presents a method for managing information during the hoisting construction of prefabricated components based on Dynamo. The objective of this work is to reduce the application difficulty and cost of BIM-based prefabricated component information management, contributing to the promotion of BIM and the improvement of prefabricated component information management practices. The novelty of this work lies in the utilization of Dynamo, a built-in plugin in Revit, to develop programs with different functionalities, such as component sorting, QR code generation, and information extraction and entry. This enables the collaborative application of Revit, Dynamo, and a mobile information server in information management tasks. Additionally, the paper presents specific application frameworks and approaches. Finally, the paper also explores the feasibility of synergistic applications between Dynamo and other technologies in information management.

2.1 Dynamo Introduce

Dynamo, developed by Autodesk, is a visual programming tool that offers an intuitive interface for users (Salamak et al., 2019). Users can build intricate design logic and algorithms without requiring in-depth programming knowledge by simply dragging, connecting, and adjusting nodes (Kensek, 2018; Ignatova et al., 2018). The software comes with a rich set of nodes for BIM model interaction and data processing. The Revit model interaction nodes not only support batch creation of Revit models, but also enable users to retrieve, extract, and modify data within the Revit models (Thabet et al.,2022). The data processing nodes allow for processing, analysis, and computation of various information imported into Dynamo. Consequently, users can connect different functional nodes within Dynamo to create algorithms and tools that solve specific problems (Gao et al., 2019). Compared to the traditional approach of secondary development using the Revit API, Dynamo provides a simpler, faster, and more cost-effective solution to meet the application requirements based on Revit.

2.2 Implementation Framework

To establish a Revit + Dynamo information management scheme for lifting operation, it is essential to synthetically consider the functions of the Dynamo and the information management requirements. By conducting a thorough review and analysis of existing literature and resources, this study aims to extract key aspects of information management in lifting operation and identify corresponding requirements for effective information management applications is shown in Table 1.

Table 1

Information management requirements of component hoisting operation
Critical Work	information record	Information process	Information sharing
lifting sequence planning		▲
Component verification	△	▲	△
selection and tracking	△		△
Construction information recording and storage	▲	▲	△
▲:Dynamo fully support, △: Dynamo partial support

It is evident that relying solely on Dynamo is inadequate for achieving information shared during the construction process. This study presents a framework for hoisting construction management based on Revit and Dynamo, in conjunction with a mobile information server. The framework takes into account the information management requirements of hoisting construction and the characteristics of Dynamo is shown in Fig. 1.

In this framework, Revit serves as the central data storage responsible for accurately and comprehensively storing component information and providing information support for the project. Dynamo acts as the central platform for information processing, developing programs based on management requirements to retrieve and modify information within the BIM, as well as exporting, importing and processing data. The mobile information server enables the sharing and collection of information. It transmits project information processed by Dynamo to workers, while also collecting real-time construction data generated during the construction process.

2.3 Construction Information Management Method

This paper will introduce the application process of the development information management framework in the construction preparation stage and construction stage in detail is shown in Fig. 2.

2.3.1 Construction Preparation Stage

1. Revit model creation: During the construction preparation stage, according to the design drawings, the project Revit model is created with the assistance of Dynamo scripting. Through Dynamo, we can extract component information from CAD drawings and Excel tables, such as component name, location, size, and input information into corresponding Revit component models to provide basic information for subsequent work.

2. Revit Component information processing: After the Revit model is created, the components are sorted using Dynamo according to the approved lifting scheme. Next the component information is extracted according to construction requirements to generate QR code. To facilitate the management and timely updates of the QR codes, it is essential to input the generated QR codes into the corresponding component Revit models. This enables batch selection of components in the Revit model and allows for modifications or exporting of the QR codes. Finally, the QR codes are sent to the prefabricated component manufacturer. Upon completion of the prefabricated components, the QR codes are affixed to the respective surfaces of the components.

This process ensures the effective management and handling of component information during the construction preparation stage through the use of Dynamo and Revit models.

2.3.2 Construction Stage

The main tasks in the Hoisting engineering stage are as follows: prefabricated components component entry inspection, Hoisting engineering and quality inspection and recording. Each main task has the following work content:

1. Prefabricated components component entry inspection: When prefabricated components enter the construction site, workers verify and collect the information of the components by scanning the QR code on the surface of the components. After scanning the QR code, the information management application will automatically record the entry time of the components and the information of the verifier. Workers check the components according to the scanned information of components and fills in the check result. This information is uploaded to the back-end database and can be viewed at any time via computer and cell phone. The automatic collection of the system reduces the information entry workload of construction and management personnel and improves work efficiency.

2. Lifting operation: After the lifting and installation process of components, the installation personnel scan the QR codes on the surface of the components to retrieve information such as component number, location, lifting sequence. This ensures the correct selection of components and improves construction efficiency.

3. Quality inspection: After installation is completed, quality management personnel inspect the installed components based on acceptance criteria and register the checking information. The database automatically records the acceptance personnel and time. The recording of this information supports tracking of project progress, enhances component traceability, and facilitates tracking of quality responsibility.

Lastly, the construction information during the lifting process is synchronized and stored in the database of the mobile information server. Managers can access and export the data at any time, and synchronize construction information with BIM information through Dynamo information import and processing nodes. This ensures the consistency between construction information and BIM models.

3.1 Visual Programming in Dynamo

3.1.1 Dynamo Script “Information Input and Processing”

The management of prefabricated component information based on BIM not only requires a substantial amount of initial engineering data as a foundation but also necessitates the input of construction information collected at various construction stages. This information comes in many forms, including Excel, images and CAD drawings. Convenient and comprehensive data entry functions are necessary. Therefore, this paper develops a Dynamo program that can quickly input the above common information, and has a relatively perfect automatic information input function.

The process of information entry can be divided into three main steps: (1)external data import, (2)Dynamo processing, and (3)Dynamo driving Revit, as shown in Fig. 3.

The main distinction among different types of information lies in the external data import and Dynamo processing steps. Therefore, when developing the information entry program, it is only necessary to design the corresponding external data import and Dynamo processing methods according to the information type, while the remaining tasks can use one method together. The programming process is shown in Fig. 4.

1. Importing CAD Drawing Information: The core nodes for importing CAD drawing information are the CAD Text Data series nodes within the BIMOROH node package. These nodes can directly obtain the curves, annotated data, and annotated data coordinates of target components from CAD drawings linked to Revit. This method not only reduces the need for pre-cleaning CAD drawings but also avoids the problem of Revit crashing caused by CAD drawing decomposition. Next, the Distance To node is used to calculate the distance between the component model and the extracted CAD annotation data coordinates. Then, the Get Item At Index node is used to match the component model with the CAD annotations. Finally, the Set Parameter By Name node is used to input the corresponding data.

2. Importing images: Importing picture can be done by clicking the "Manage Images" button in the Manage panel of the Revit. The user can select the folder where the project images are stored and import them into Revit. Next, in Dynamo, the "Element Types" and "All Elements of Types" nodes can be used to read the file names of the images. By associating the image names with a common and unique value in the component instance information, the "First Index of" and "Get Item At Index" nodes can be used to retrieve their corresponding indexes in different lists. Finally, the "Set Parameter" node is used to input the images into the corresponding components.

3. Importing Excel: Dynamo already provides comprehensive nodes for importing Excel information. Users can use the built-in "Import Excel" node to quickly import data from Excel tables. Then, data processing nodes such as "List Flatten" and "Transpose" can be used to group and extract the data. The subsequent steps of matching the data with the component model and inputting the data are the same as above.

3.1.2 Dynamo Script “Precast Components Sorting”

According to the approved precast component lifting plan, draw a model line in Revit following the designated lifting sequence. Then, import the Revit model into Dynamo using the "Element Geometry" node and generate a list of center point locations of the precast components using the "Element Get Location" node.

Next, the "Closest Point To" node is used to obtain the points on the model line that are closest to each precast component's center point. Since the model line is drawn following the designated lifting sequence, the positional parameters of these points on the model line represent the lifting order of the precast components. Therefore, the "Parameter At Point" node can be used to express the positions of these points on the model line through the value range [0, 1].

Finally, the "Sort By Key" node is used to establish the correspondence between the component models and the points on the model line that are closest to the center points of the component models. Through this process, the corresponding lifting sequence of each component can be obtained. The sequence of precast components is shown in Fig. 5.

3.1.3 Dynamo Script “Component Coding and Generating QR Code”

This part of the work is divided into two steps: data integration and component encoding, and generating QR codes.

(1) Data Integration and Component Encoding: In order to facilitate component information management, the component encoding should follow the principles of uniqueness, rationality and simplicity. The data integration work uses the methods described in section 3.1.1, Operators can choose to export and integrate various types of component information, such as names, lifting sequence and component elevation. Since the storage forms of component information are different, for example, the lifting sequence is in digital form, while the encoding and elevation are in string form, it is necessary to unify the data types before integration to avoid programming errors. The data integration can be achieved through a Python Script node, as shown in Fig. 6.

(2) Generating QR Code: After component coding is completed, the QR Code node can be loaded to generate QR code according to component coding. Then, the QR code needs to be named and exported. First, use the Directory Path node to get the path to export, and use the Code Block node to name the QR code file after the path. Finally, use the Change Path node to name the extension of the output file as. Png format, and then use the Write To File node to achieve the QR code export. For details, see Fig. 7.

3.2 information management application

3.2.1 Function Introduction

The information management application are used to collect and share information of prefabricated components during hoisting engineering. A crucial role is played by the QR code generated by Dynamo.

Workers use mobile phones to scan the QR code on the surface of prefabricated components, to obtain relevant information. Meanwhile, the server stores the read component information into the database. Setting the component name in the database to not repeat ensures that each component has a unique record. Therefore, the subsequent construction information entry can expand which based on existing component records. This method has the advantage of storing key information of prefabricated components in the QR code, with the server only responsible for reading the code and collecting the information which is read. It greatly reduces the difficulty and cost of development, as there is no need to export information about the prefabricated components from the Revit model and store it on the server. During the subsequent information entry process, the information collected from the hoisting process can be automatically admitted to the Revit model using the Dynamo information entry program.

3.2.2 Implement Method

The creation of information management application is based on the mobile information management server. The server has built-in diverse application templates, such as barcode and QR code reading, data querying and modification. Therefore, users can select different templates to combine according to needed in order to create mobile Internet applications quickly.

The information management application developed on the basis of this mobile information management server can achieve the rapid reading and recording of QR codes and the real-time collection of information, such as progress data, quality data during the construction process. Moreover, users also can log in to the server on their mobile phones or computers to view the information within the server. This provides information support for the regulation and decision-making of project managers. The flow of building the information management application is shown in Fig. 8.

1. Web Site Creation: After the Web site name, logo and data synchronisation frequency have been set, the server will generate the application entry point. Figure 9. However, at this stage, the application does not have any functionality. The next steps involve user data input, database configuration, and application functionality development.

2. User Data Entry: User data can be imported from Excel or entered manually. Figure 10.

3. Database Setup: Define the database columns according to the actual requirements and set the data types and collection methods for each column. This application automatically collects the entry time of components, the person in charge of input acceptance, the person in charge of installation acceptance and the completion time of installation acceptance to improve the efficiency of information input, Fig. 11.

4. Application page setup: In the file manager window, right-click on the page options and select 'Create New Page'. Choose the page functionality based on the requirements. Because this information management application with the help of component QR codes for information sharing and collection, select 'Scan' and 'Input' on the page type. On the right-hand side, select the database for information input and set the ID field in the database as the key field to avoid duplicate data entry. Finally, select the database fields that need to be manually input by the user in the field column to complete the setup of the application, Fig. 12.

This paper utilizes the proposed information management method to support the Lifting operation of prefabricated components, taking a dormitory building project at a university in Chongqing City as an example. Project overview: The structural system of this dormitory building is a prefabricated concrete structure with 5 floors above ground, as shown in Fig. 13. The horizontal components of this dormitory building consist of composite floor slabs, distributed across floors 2F to the roof level.

4.1 Construction Preparation Stage

Use the Dynamo program to extract prefabricated component information from the CAD drawings, such as prefabricated component numbers, location information, and then use the extracted information to assist in the creation and refinement of the Revit model.

For example, to extract prefabricated component numbers from CAD drawings, follow these steps: refer to Fig. 14, use the CAD Text Data From Layers node, and input the CAD layer name ' prefabricated Component Number' to extract the information into Dynamo.

Then, use the CAD Curves From CAD Layers node to import line segments from the CAD drawings into Dynamo, which will support the subsequent Revit model creation. After completion of the Revit model, the information linking program can associate the CAD component number information with the corresponding component models. Additionally, it can automatically input the component number information into the selected component parameters, as demonstrated in Fig. 15, Fig. 16.

After the completion of the Revit model creation, the management personnel sort the prefabricated components at each level according to the lifting plan using the Dynamo program (Fig. 17). Next, they extract data from each prefabricated component model within Revit, including component names, positions, and assembly sequences. These pieces of information are combined to generate QR codes (Fig. 18). The generated QR codes are named based on component numbers and saved to a designated folder. Subsequently, the management personnel can utilize the Dynamo image import program to automatically import the QR code images from the folder into the Revit model and associate them with the respective prefabricated component models. This allows the management personnel to conveniently select and modify QR codes or export them in batches at any time (Fig. 19)

4.2 Lifting Operation Stage

During the lifting process, workers use an information management application to scan the QR codes affixed to the surface of prefabricated components. This allows them to retrieve relevant information about the components, thereby determining their identity and installation position (Fig. 20). Simultaneously, the information management application records the scanned component information and automatically logs the scanning time and personnel information in the backend database. This enables tracking of the component's status. Once the installation of prefabricated components is complete, inspectors conduct inspections and verifications according to specifications. The verification results are reported by scanning the QR codes on the prefabricated component's surface. The inspector's information and inspection time are automatically recorded in the backend database. The mobile information server can collect real-time data on construction progress, quality information and worker productivity. This facilitates monitoring and control of key stages in hoisting constructionmanagement personnel.

After the lifting operation is completed, the prefabricated component information from the database can be imported into Excel. (Fig. 21). Then, using the Dynamo data entry program, the information generated during the construction process can be imported into the Revit model.

This enables the transfer of this data to the building maintenance unit upon project completion, providing support for maintenance management and potential quality liability tracking.

This process ensures that construction information is accurate and reliable, providing a solid foundation for subsequent maintenance management.

This paper utilizes Dynamo to develop a series of visualization programs that extend the functionality of Revit. These programs enable the collaborative application of BIM, Dynamo, and a mobile information management server in managing information during the hoisting of prefabricated components. They provide support for information management during the construction preparation stage, as well as for identifying the identity of prefabricated components, tracking their status, and collecting construction information during the hoisting process. This offers a new option for BIM-based information management of prefabricated components in prefabricated construction.

The developed Dynamo visualization programs in this work effectively address the issue of isolated information in Revit. These programs can access information within Revit, enhancing the flexibility of information utilization. They can also process and apply information from Revit and facilitate the collaborative application of Revit with other software, aiding the implementation of BIM solutions. Furthermore, the developed visualization programs in this work follow the principles of automation and parameterization, making them applicable to other projects by simply modifying key input parameters. It is important to note that the methods presented in this work may not be the only or optimal ones, as Dynamo offers high flexibility, allowing users to employ different approaches to solve the same problem. With the continuous development and improvement of Dynamo, the solutions to these problems may be further simplified in the future. This work aims to reduce the implementation difficulty and cost of BIM-based information management for hoisting prefabricated components in assembly-based construction, providing insights for similar future applications.

Compared to previous research, utilizing Dynamo for component information management offers lower costs, reduced complexity, and increased flexibility. This is due to Dynamo providing an intuitive visual programming environment that allows developers to create and modify programs more easily. It lowers the technical barriers during the development process and enables faster response to project requirement changes. Overall, this study contributes to the advancement of BIM technology, expanding its application theory in information management. It demonstrates how to leverage Dynamo to extend the functionality of BIM software to meet specific project needs. This innovative approach may inspire other developers and researchers to explore further applications and tools in the field of BIM. By continuously driving innovation in BIM technology, the digitization level and work efficiency in the construction industry can be further enhanced.

Future research directions could focus on further integrating BIM, Dynamo, and mobile information management servers, or exploring the application of these technologies in other stages of the construction lifecycle. It would be valuable to evaluate their impact on project costs and schedules and study their interaction with Revit, Dynamo, and other software platforms.

Author Contribution

X. and W. wrote the main manuscript text and Y. prepared figures 1-21. All authors reviewed the manuscript.

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No competing interests reported.

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Research on Information Management of Prefabricated Component Hoisting Construction Based on Dynamo

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Abstract

Figures

1 Introduction

2 Methods

2.1 Dynamo Introduce

2.2 Implementation Framework

2.3 Construction Information Management Method

2.3.1 Construction Preparation Stage

2.3.2 Construction Stage

3 Program creation

3.1 Visual Programming in Dynamo

3.1.1 Dynamo Script “Information Input and Processing”

3.1.2 Dynamo Script “Precast Components Sorting”

3.1.3 Dynamo Script “Component Coding and Generating QR Code”

3.2 information management application

3.2.1 Function Introduction

3.2.2 Implement Method

4 Case Study

4.1 Construction Preparation Stage

4.2 Lifting Operation Stage

5 Discussion

6 Conclusions

Declarations

Author Contribution

References

Additional Declarations

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