This article investigates the synchronization problem of a class of uncertain chaotic systems based on backstepping control technology and a finite-time command filter. Firstly, the virtual signal and its derivative are approximated by a finite-time command filter, which can guarantee that the estimation error converges to a small region within a finite-time. Meanwhile, a new error compensation mechanism is constructed, which effectively reduces the adverse impact of the filter error. Then, the designed controller ensures that the tracking error converges to a small region within a finite time by selecting appropriate parameters. Finally, two simulation examples validate the feasibility of the proposed method in this article.