Inheriting and Restoring Historic Structures in Urban Renewal: A Study of "Jiangcuo and Lucuo" in Xiamen, China

doi:10.21203/rs.3.rs-3999445/v1

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Inheriting and Restoring Historic Structures in Urban Renewal: A Study of "Jiangcuo and Lucuo" in Xiamen, China

https://doi.org/10.21203/rs.3.rs-3999445/v1

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Background: The case study of "Jiangcuo and Lucuo" in Xiamen, China, illustrates the complex relationship between heritage preservation, urban development, and environmental sustainability. Xiamen's shift from an island-like to a bay-like city highlights challenges like air pollution, flood risks, and marine debris management. The city's rich cultural legacy is essential for conservation amidst socio-economic factors such as spatial disparities and chronic disease management. Addressing healthcare and public health considerations is crucial for sustainable urban development in Xiamen, facing environmental challenges like floods and pollution.

Objectives: The study assesses the influence of establishing the Long-term Urban Ecosystem Observation and Research Station in Xiamen on urban conservation and environmental protection, emphasizing the integration of scientific research into urban development strategies for preserving natural ecosystems and water quality in urbanizing watersheds.

Methods: The study on "Jiangcuo and Lucuo" in Xiamen, China emphasizes the importance of preserving historic structures in urban renewal projects. It focuses on understanding water quality, toxic element intake, public health, and safety assessment for sustainable preservation.

Results: The research emphasizes the effective incorporation of scientific studies and preservation initiatives in the urban redevelopment initiative of "Jiangcuo and Lucuo" in Xiamen, China. It investigates the impact of environmental, public health, and socio-economic aspects on historical buildings within urban renewal projects.

Conclusion: The study concludes that integrating scientific research, preservation efforts, and environmental considerations is crucial for the successful restoration of historic structures in urban renewal projects.

Historical buildings

Xiamen city revitalization

urban redevelopment

transformation

cultural preservation

Within the framework of urban redevelopment, the conservation and refurbishment of historical edifices assume a pivotal role in preserving the cultural and historical essence of a city. This is especially apparent in the case of "Jiangcuo and Lucuo" in Xiamen, China, where the revitalization of historical urban areas is a matter of enduring importance A study examining the revitalization approach of historical urban areas from the perspective of everyday life using the historic Coloane district in Macau as a case study2023). A study has examined the impact of people' attachment to their surroundings on their inclination to endorse urban renewal. The findings indicate that this awareness plays a crucial role in fostering the restoration of historical and cultural zones, and the general urban redevelopment process[1]. The study conducted[2]. The study investigates how stakeholders and their connections impact the decision-making process of urban renewal in China. It emphasizes the importance of understanding these stakeholders and their involvement in decision-making. Additionally, there have been shifts in the concept of urban renewal, with some scholars suggesting that it represents a revival of past approaches to urban redevelopment[3]. revitalization historical urban open spaces is conducted within a comprehensive framework and a cohesive objective, with a primary emphasis on heritage preservation that aligns with development goals[4]. Furthermore, scholarly research has examined the impact of heritage tourism on revitalizing urban areas with significant historical and cultural value in China. This research emphasizes the need of maintaining and rebuilding historic urban landscapes as a means of showcasing urban history and cultural resources[5]. Urban conservation and architectural restoration initiatives aim to maintain the historical authenticity and integrity of urban buildings' conceptualization and material construction[6].

The energy structure and flow processes of Xiamen have been examined, with a focus on understanding the process and quantity of energy exchange in the city[7]. The suitability of species for mixed-species mangrove restoration has been examined in the Large Xiamen Bay ecosystem, which provides an ideal setting for mangrove restoration due to significant mangrove degradation and renewed attention from the local and national government[8]. In addition, the study emphasizes the thorough comprehension of DC pole-to-pole faults and their prevention in modular multilevel converters. It showcases successful commercialized projects including modular multilevel converters (MMC)-HVDC in Xiamen ([9]. The promotion of cultural landscape and tourism within historical blocks has been highlighted as a sustainable approach for revitalizing and enhancing urban historical areas. This strategy focuses on meeting the mental health requirements of the general population during the COVID-19 outbreak and prioritizes a shift towards urban development centered around human needs[10]. Moreover, the sustainable development transformation programme has been founded on comprehensive substantiation conducted by experts in the conservation of historical and urban landmarks[11]. Furthermore, urban planners often engage in the practice of labelling historical places to emphasize their historical significance[12].

Conclusively, the revitalization and preservation of historical edifices in metropolitan regions, specifically in the instance of "Jiangcuo and Lucuo" in Xiamen, China, need a comprehensive method that embraces several disciplines, including culture, history, environment, and society. Comprehending the interests of everyone involved, safeguarding the authenticity of the past, incorporating cultural environments, and tackling energy and environmental issues are essential components in effectively revitalizing and maintaining ancient metropolitan places. Ancient houses are the most representative traditional buildings in southern Fujian Province. It was an important architectural space node for life, residence, education, and worship in the old days. It was an important architectural space for living, education, and worship in the old days. It is also an inseparable architectural art treasure. Hundreds of red-brick houses are scattered on the land of southern Fujian. hundreds of red-brick large houses scattered on the land of Southern Fujian, which have developed and inherited from generation to generation in the form of settlements, providing a great opportunity for our They develop and pass on from generation to generation in the form of settlements, opening for us a door full of warm and distant memories. warm and distant memories, telling a piece of dusty folk history. Xiamen possesses abundant historical houses in southern Fujian, which hold valuable traces of the history of Fujian and Taiwan. The rapid development of the modern city has caused these settlements to gradually lose their historical significance. Amidst the tall buildings in the old city center, these ancient houses stand as remnants of a bygone era. there are still scattered Minnan ancient houses in the heart of the old city, amidst towering buildings, remnants of red brick houses still exist in southern Fujian. These structures are valued for their independence, storied pasts, and continued vitality. This study examines Jiangcuo and Lucuo in Xiamen's old city to investigate how historical buildings are preserved and revitalized during urban renewal processes.

Urban renewal and the conservation of old structures in cities require careful consideration of various factors. Existing literature highlights the importance of community involvement, integrating historical and cultural elements, and preserving urban heritage. Sustainable development, energy preservation, and revitalizing historical areas are also crucial. Understanding residents' perspectives and emotional attachment to urban spaces is essential for promoting the revival of historical and cultural regions. The study of Jinan's urban regeneration efforts, such as Furong Street-Qushuiting Street, emphasizes the importance of preserving the historical context and humanistic qualities of these areas. Stakeholder engagement and participation networks in decision-making processes are also crucial. Sustainable urban redevelopment is essential, with the literature highlighting the need for conserving energy, promoting renewable energy awareness, and involving the community in revitalization projects. Overall, the literature provides a comprehensive understanding of urban renewal, emphasizing the need for engaging stakeholders, implementing sustainable methods, preserving cultural heritage, and involving the community in revitalization efforts to ensure the success and long-term impact of urban redevelopment projects. A systematic review of studies on urban green spaces and their impact on human well-being was conducted to comprehensively analyze their significance.

The past and present lives of two old houses

In the study of "Jiangcuo and Lucuo" in Xiamen, China, the focus is on the past and present lives of large houses in southern Fujian often reflect the history and prosperity of their owners. One example is Jiang Alley, constructed in 1795 under the Qing Dynasty, the building boasts a lengthy and notable history of more than two centuries. Initially built as a traditional Minnan residence with two courtyards by Jiang Ziting, it was expanded to six courtyards by his son before ultimately being enhanced further by his grandson, resulting in its current magnificent and complete pattern of ancient red-brick houses. Similarly, Lu Alley, established in Xiamen City during the Guangxu period of the Qing Dynasty over 100 years ago, tells the story of Lu Shudu's success as a merchant after giving up on imperial examinations. His hard work led to prospering business fortunes which allowed him to purchase property and contribute significantly during times when the nation faced foreign invasions. Both these historical sites showcase unique architectural layouts that embody both historical aspects such as curved roofs from earlier periods like Song Dynasty while also reflecting specific regional features like those found in northern courtyards. As shown Fig. 1.

Urban renewal is a multifaceted undertaking that encompasses a range of measures, including the demolition of existing structures, the construction of new ones, the enhancement of dilapidated regions, and the integration of new communities[13]. The objective is to tackle the deterioration of urban areas, raise the worth of land, and improve the surroundings[14]. Sustainable urban revitalization involves engaging stakeholders in decision-making, involving residents in projects, and preserving architectural heritage while complying with environmental guidelines[15]. It is essential to consider the impact of urban revitalization on the property values in the surrounding area[16]. The process of urban revitalization in China has progressed through phases of imitation, reference, and investigation[17]. An assessment of urban renewal programmes in particular cities, such as Shenzhen, China, is essential for the promotion of sustainable urban growth[18]. Moreover, considering the influence of urban design on economic sustainability in urban redevelopment initiatives is a critical consideration.[19]. For effective urban redevelopment, it is crucial to address critical concerns such as social, economic, and political costs within the framework of undertakes[20]. Furthermore, the importance of the underground area in the process of revitalizing urban areas and evaluating the effectiveness of urban renewal initiatives in particular cities, such as Taipei, is crucial for achieving sustainable development[21];[22].

The Status of Chiang and Lu Alcove

The two-ancient red-brick houses, constructed early on, are facing imminent collapse in their courtyards. The passage of time and the impact of wind and rain have left many eaves nearly broken. Urgent repairs are needed as some buildings within the courtyard have already become unsafe. The field survey reveals:1) Roofs and tiled roofs show partial leakage, damage, concavity, and deformation.2) Wood members like beams, trusses exhibit clear signs of insect erosion with bending, cracking or breaking; local wood purlins corroded into walls causing loose support.3) Support columns made from wood affected by moisture or localized roof loads.4) Columns' main bodies show decay and splitting due to moisture; main nodes of wooden structure beams/columns deformed.5) Serious weathering is observed on outer brick wall surface with structural cracks unsuitable for continued loading present leading to some parts collapsing - posing a safety risk. The condition of Chiang and Lu Alcove in Xiamen, China, is a crucial element in urban revitalization, with a specific emphasis on preserving and renovating historical buildings. Urban regeneration seeks to increase the quality and effectiveness of current urban regions, with focusing on enhancing the urban living conditions, safeguarding historical significance, and maximizing industrial frameworks[1].

The process of making decisions in urban revitalization projects is influenced by the interactions among stakeholders, the characteristics of partnerships, and the power dynamics at play[23]. Moreover, research has examined the positive impact on mental health that comes from being in metropolitan areas, particularly those with historical and cultural significance. This research has emphasized the emotional advantages and the ability of these settings to promote restoration[24]. In addition, sustainable heritage community renewal encompasses not only the physical rehabilitation of historic sites, but also the transmission of a feeling of locality, intangible cultural heritage, and social sustainability[25]. Preserving and revitalizing historical and cultural districts are essential for urban renewal as they maintain historical continuity, redefine district roles, and harness its vibrancy[26].Research has also concentrated on the spatial elements of historical towns, such as the consistent texture, coordinated style, and building restoration during urban revitalization[27]. Also, the act of restoring historical and cultural landscapes stimulates a sense of place identification, emotional connection, and aids in the process of repair, hence promoting mental well-being[28].The governance practices used in the process of urban regeneration after a war, namely in the historic district of Suriçi, include political, geographical, and governmental aspects. These practices have significant effects on the displacement and dispossessed of individuals[29]. history tourism-led urban redevelopment endeavors to preserve history, enhance the urban landscape, and stimulate the local economy via the restoration and interpretation of historical and cultural aspects[5].When undertaking urban redevelopment and adaptive reuse of ancient structures, it is crucial to address the issue of property rights[30].The fluctuating availability of urban roadways in historical city centers poses issues associated with uneven growth and the need to strike a balance between plot accessibility and the preservation of the spatial framework[31].The field of preservation has shifted its emphasis from just preserving historic monuments to now include neighborhoods, districts, and the broader urban landscape. This shift is driven by the recognition that preservation is crucial for defining future cities and revitalizing urban areas[32].Urban management undertakes large-scale renovation initiatives to rejuvenate the physical and functional features of cities and enhance the quality of life for citizens[33].Revitalizing established communities is crucial for urban improvement and assessing the quality of the residential environment[34]. Tourism in historic and cultural places enhances cultural enrichment, facilitates the preservation, protection, and transmission of cultural resources, and disseminates historical knowledge to the general public[35]. Urban renewal initiatives may influence the demographic dynamics of neighborhoods, as shown in Catalonia, Spain[36]. Moreover, the reutilization and eco-friendly renovation of historical structures need suitable approaches that are in line with contemporary requirements and conservation principles[37]. The restoration of Cheonggyecheon in Seoul illustrates the interconnectedness of urban policy, revitalization efforts, and city promotion[38].

Overall, the condition of Chiang and Lu Alcove in Xiamen, China, exemplifies the wider framework of urban revitalization, with a focus on conserving historical and cultural heritage, managing relationships with stakeholders, promoting psychological well-being, implementing effective governance practices, protecting property rights, and incorporating heritage tourism. The amalgamation of these sources offers a thorough comprehension of the intricate facets of urban revitalization and the particular factors associated with the preservation and refurbishment of historical edifices. In conclusion, the concept of novelty, as evidenced by the diverse research findings, plays a pivotal role in shaping experiences, perceptions, and outcomes across various domains. When applied to the context of inheriting and restoring historic structures in urban renewal, the understanding of novelty can inform strategies to effectively integrate cultural heritage into urban development, ensuring the preservation and appreciation of historic structures such as "Jiangcuo and Lucuo" in Xiamen, China.

Study area

The Jiangcuo and Lucuo regions in Xiamen, China, are important areas for exploring urban changes, environmental challenges, and efforts towards sustainable development. The SLEUTH model was utilized to simulate expansion patterns and establish a long-term observation and research station for the urban ecosystem. Research on the distribution of PM2.5 particles and flood risks revealed the impact of transportation and coal usage on air quality. Similarly, the discussion focused on urban planning strategies, active mobility patterns among elderly individuals, and the effects of aging population dynamics. Additionally, healthcare studies have been centered on investigating genetic mutations in common genes that lead to deafness in individuals without other associated conditions.

When it comes to preserving and renovating historical buildings during urban development, it is crucial to take into account the factors that influence people's health-seeking preferences and their utilization of community health services. In addition, it is crucial to take into account the general vibrancy of the urban area and the changes in land surface temperature across different locations and periods, particularly with regards to swift urban development[39]. did cross-sectional research in Xiamen to investigate the preferences of patients in seeking healthcare and their consumption of community health services in the context of primary care reform. on addition, A unique framework has been developed to study urban vitality at street level using geographic big data from Xiamen Island, a highly livable city in Southern China ([40]. A research carried out by [41]. Examined the variations in land surface temperature patterns on Xiamen Island and within the city of Xiamen from 1994 to 2015, both spatially and temporally. The researchers used multifractal detrended fluctuation analysis for their investigation. Furthermore, it is important to evaluate the influence of urbanization on public health[42].found a favorable association between the age of urbanization and the frequency of stomach cancer on Xiamen Island. Besides, the study conducted by[43].sheds light on the contrasting heat adaptability of Xiamen Island people compared to those living in other regions. The study underscores the need of improving the region's capability to withstand extreme temperatures[44]. The study also investigated how human activities impact the arrangement of coastal sediments in Xiamen Bay, with a specific focus on identifying ecological risks and sources of potentially harmful substances. The research highlights the need of comprehending the environmental consequences of urban activities[45].

When discussing urban regeneration, it is crucial to also address the administration of coastal regions and the consequences of urbanization on marine ecosystems. The study by[46].underscores the need of implementing marine functional zoning as a viable strategy for integrated coastal management in Xiamen. It specifically highlights the relevance of effectively managing coastal regions to ensure sustainable urban growth. In addition, a study conducted by [47]evaluated the impact integrated coastal zone management Xiamen. The findings suggest that this approach has contributed to reducing the economic disparity between Xiamen and other coastal towns. In addition, Ma et al. conducted a study that specifically examined the prevalence, dispersion, and preservation of Chinese white dolphins in Xiamen. The study focused on the impact of human activities on marine biodiversity[48].Moreover, it is important to take into account the influence of urbanization on both public health and environmental quality.[49].conducted a study in Xiamen to analyze the changing trends in the prevalence incidence of type 2 diabetes. The results indicated a noteworthy rise in both the prevalence and incidence of diabetes in the area. In addition,[50]. stressed the need for continuous monitoring of the ecological environment quality in Xiamen, with a particular focus on evaluating and safeguarding the urban ecological quality. In addition, Zhang's research specifically examined the issue of food security in Xiamen. There is a notable difference between the rate of urbanization and the level of food security in this region, as emphasized by the study ([51]. To summarize, the process of inheriting and repairing historic buildings in urban regeneration requires a thorough comprehension of several aspects that influence health-seeking preferences, urban vitality, environmental effect of urban activities, coastal management, public health, and ecological quality[52]. By considering these variables, urban planners and politicians may make well-informed choices to guarantee sustainable urban growth while safeguarding ancient edifices. Consider the following steps for feasibility of inheritance and reconstruction.

Technical level as a basic guarantee

The red-brick buildings in Southern Fujian have a rich history and are deeply rooted in the local cultural heritage. Despite the passage of time, the expansion of the structures continues to be strongly impacted by the original rational building plan and site design, the use of high-quality construction materials, traditional structural forms rooted in scientific principles, and professional field construction techniques. These architectural masterpieces retain the rational organization of their layout and site design, while also conserving extraordinary building materials, scientifically conventional structural shapes, and highly skilled field construction methods. When improving, repairing, or renovating these historic buildings, particular attention should be dedicated to the following aspects: preserving the original architectural features, ensuring the use of high-quality materials, employing traditional construction techniques, and maintaining the structural integrity of the buildings. Overall, it is crucial to balance preservation and modernization in order to sustain the cultural heritage and enhance the livability of these red-brick buildings in Southern Fujian. Specific focus should be given to the following aspects:

Selection of materials

In urban regeneration, inheriting and repairing old buildings involves a thorough study of historical materials, adequate interventions, and the selection of appropriate materials for conservation, strengthening, and restoration. Historic building structural integrity requires interdisciplinary examination of historical, architectural, construction materials, and geometric data as the case in this paper. Historical building restoration frequently needs strong, suitable repair mortars that match the original construction materials. Historic building restoration is hindered by a lack of design data and sample extraction limits for precise material qualities. Government regulations encourage active forest management to restore historical structure and ecological function. Restoring historical forest conditions reduces fire danger and increases resilience Restoring historical vegetation structure helps to reduce landscape wildfire risks and prepares for future climate and disturbance patterns. The sustainability and lifespan of restored historical buildings depend on the materials used. The examination of restoration materials for ancient buildings like temples seeks to choose the best ones that meet the structure's performance, compatibility, and sustainability needs. Carbon composites limit interventions and deterioration in ancient baroque vault repair, making it reversible. Historical habitat-specific samples allow for detailed restoration success evaluation. In conclusion, urban regeneration initiatives restoring historic buildings demand careful material and intervention choices.

Restoration projects must address historical materials, appropriate repair mortars, and building sustainability. Historical buildings may also be preserved by evaluating repair materials and using reversible technologies. For the enhancement and conservation of ancient structures in southern Fujian, it is advisable to use traditional indigenous construction materials like as stone and wood. When preserving historic houses, it is preferable to go for vintage red bricks produced by fire rather than contemporary standardized bricks. This contributes to the preservation of the historical characteristics and inherent elegance of the façade.

Methods of Renovation

Renovation and reinforcement should be carried out with minimal or no open reinforcement or open work. No open reinforcement, open method, more use of dark reinforcement of the construction method, repair or remodeling as much as possible. The maintenance or remodeling should be done as much as possible inside the traditional building, without destroying the original building. The repair or remodeling of traditional buildings as much as possible in the internal article, cannot damage the original appearance of the building, but also achieve the effect of reinforcement. The effect of reinforcement is achieved. For example, when reinforcing the red brick wall, it is possible to reinforce the wall without destroying the main body of the wall. without destroying the main components of the red brick wall. Embedded steel plate, detail hook joints and other construction techniques to realize the improvement of the purpose of seismic performance of the brick wall.

Repair the old as in the beginning

It is essential to prioritize the preservation of different traits from certain dynasties when authentically recreating the original historical appearance of old buildings, which includes both masonry and timber components. It is crucial to guarantee that the inherent historical importance is not compromised throughout the restoration process.

Combination of reinforcement and maintenance:

Traditional buildings in disrepair through the vicissitudes of life, with different degrees of damage, need reinforcement and maintenance. The same degree of damage, are required to carry out routine maintenance, so the Therefore, it is the best solution to combine routine maintenance with reinforcement and seismic resistance. solution. In this way, not only can the historical buildings restore their appearance, but also improve their appearance, but also improve its original seismic capacity, which is a feasible solution for the inheritance and protection of historical buildings. This is a feasible and effective solution for the inheritance and preservation of historical buildings. This is a feasible and effective solution for the heritage and preservation of historic buildings as indicated in Fig. 2.

Guidelines for the industry

The primary focus is to maintain and promote indigenous culture by emphasizing the organizational structure of the business. This includes converting its residential business model into one that features folklore museums, art galleries, youth folklore practice centers, local tourism attractions, and other diverse enterprises with significant cultural heritage. This approach ensures the preservation and revitalization of indigenous culture while also promoting economic development in the local community. When considering urban resilience, it is essential to integrate urban sustainability and resilience principles and practices. This integration will help cities effectively address challenges, adapt to changes, and promote sustainable and resilient development for the benefit of both current and future generations.

Property Rights Ideas

The property owner has the ability to implement regulations aimed at incentivizing and providing suitable financial assistance to the property owner for the purpose of renovating, particularly when the property owner lacks the financial means to do so. If the property owner is incapable of undertaking the change, the government may assume responsibility for it, or social capital can assist. If the property owner is incapable of implementing reforms, the government may assume responsibility for initiating the reform process, or social capital can intervene to facilitate the transformation. It is feasible to achieve the transformation of historic structures; the government or social capital might lease the property for a certain duration without altering the existing property rights system. The practice of leasing for a limited duration with the aim of conserving and renovating historical properties to preserve their architectural and cultural significance. The objective is to save and renovate the architectural and cultural aspects of historic dwellings.

Guiding the re-localization of land use and natural resources.

Placement Based on the unique planning circumstances, the host area has the capacity to accommodate Subject to the particular criteria of planning, the local area has the ability to simultaneously alter the characteristics of the land and the purpose for which it is used, while also undergoing reconstruction. Specifically, if the refurbishment and protection are implemented via leasing, it is possible to alter the use characteristics in order to achieve the objective of increasing housing availability. The use of resources may be altered to establish a virtuous cycle of housing, whereby it can alleviate the financial burden on the area while simultaneously serving the goals of preservation and rebuilding. Put simply, it may relieve the economic burden on the area and accomplish the goal of preservation and restoration.

Historical Building Inheritance and Reconstruction Practices

Urban regeneration and historical building repair must address property rights, historical integrity, psychological welfare, stakeholder involvement, and inhabitants' quality of life. Clarifying property rights is crucial to urban revitalization and adaptive reuse of old structures .This is essential for sustainable historical building conservation governance in China.[6].emphasized the need of preserving the historical integrity and authenticity of urban structures in conservation development programs, stressing the conceptual and material construction of historical buildings. Additionally, performed an experimental investigation on the emotional effects of urban walking, stressing the psychological advantages of exposure to varied urban contexts, including historic architectural styles[53]. This emphasizes the psychological influence of historical building inheritance and renovation on urban residents.[2]. Explored the involvement of stakeholders in decision-making for urban redevelopment in China and its implications for policy. This emphasizes the necessity for inclusive decision-making procedures that engage stakeholders in historical building inheritance and rebuilding. Historic and cultural surroundings serve as carriers of meaning, prompting place identification and connection, which assist restoration[54]. Historical and cultural contexts promote a feeling of place and connection, which are crucial to urban revitalization and historical building inheritance. These references show that historical building inheritance and reconstruction practices in urban renewal involve property rights, historical integrity, psychological well-being, stakeholder participation, and residents' quality of life.

Lanqin Ancient House, No. 25 Dazhi Wine Lane

An on-site investigation was conducted on Lanqin historic House, located at No. 25, Dazhi Wine Alley, Xiamen, as part of the rebuilding project for historic homes in southern Fujian. The roof tiles are arranged systematically, the doors and windows are intricately carved from wood and stone, and the residence exudes a sense of classical and refined elegance. The courtyard is adorned with verdant trees, crimson flowers, and bonsai, representing a very accomplished restoration of the antiquated Minnan home in terms of both architectural and cultural significance. During the conversation with the owner of the historic residence, it was revealed that in the past, the house could not be repurposed as a public cultural and artistic venue. However, it has now been transformed into a guest room and a tea house, allowing for certain advantages to be realized. Regarding the real safeguarding and passing down of the old home with historical significance, it is important to have appropriate rules in place to facilitate a more convenient and rational renovation. The applicable policy should provide guidance for the renovation of this historically significant ancient home, ensuring a more efficient and rational transformation process. Additionally, it is recommended to establish a dedicated transformation office team inside the associated street office. The streets are supervised by ordinary processes and are classified as "Southern Fujian Style Historical Preservation Buildings." The maintenance and protection work of the structures categorized as "Minnan Style Historical Preservation Buildings" may be expedited via a streamlined process. The maintenance and protection work for the "Southern Fujian Style Historical Preservation Building" may use the "green channel" to streamline the handling procedure.

Reconstruction of Southern Fujian Settlements and Houses in Kinmen.

Reconstructing the settlements and houses in Kinmen, namely in Southern Fujian, with a focus on accuracy and authenticity. Kinmen is at the forefront of conserving Minnan residential homes, and the results are readily apparent. The pertinent organizations have spearheaded the upkeep and restoration of several Minnan Alley-style accommodations in the towns of Shuitou and Zhushan. These historic residential dwellings, showcasing distinct local features, have gained renown as popular tourist destinations in the region. The region is renowned for its prominent tourist attractions, which are old homes that possess distinctive local features. The Kinmen County Cultural Bureau is in charge of overseeing the construction process, and Kinmen County has allocated money for the rehabilitation of local Minnan-style buildings. Following the rehabilitation, the county has acquired ownership rights to the homes for a period of 30 years. Subsequently, the county consolidates the investment and invites social capital to engage in a competitive bidding process for the administration and operation of the residences.

This approach has been very successful. The effective guidance on policy-based approaches to protection and reconstruction of Southern Fujian settlements and houses in Kinmen has been instrumental in preserving the authenticity and accuracy of the historic structures. In the realm of inheriting and revitalizing historic buildings during urban redevelopment, it is crucial to consider the difficulties and constraints linked to these efforts. The rejuvenation of historical structures requires a comprehensive strategy that covers diverse elements, including historical assessment, appreciation of current significance, and the formulation of principles for renovation and long-term upkeep[55].

Restoration

Achieving restoration objectives may face various constraints. For example, the evolving significance of history in restoration ecology emphasizes the critical value of historical understanding in the process, demonstrating that historical knowledge serves multiple functions in restoration and continues to be essential[56]. Additionally, achieving compositional and structural targets for restoring historical forest conditions is emphasized as being more important for resilience objectives than just focusing on structural targets alone. This signifies the complexity of achieving historical conditions in diverse landscapes[57]. Still, the various ways history influences restoration emphasize how historical events impact repair goals and constraints indicating their significant influence on restoration efforts. Theoretical ecology's usefulness in conservation and restoration has gained importance, focusing on the use of historical data and metapopulation dynamics in restoring native oyster populations. This highlights the importance of historical records in efforts to restore ecosystems. Moreover, restoring historical structural and compositional configurations in dry mixed-conifer forests is a common goal.

Resilient

It is believed that historical forests are more resilient to various stressors than contemporary forests. However, achieving historical conditions in forest restoration presents challenges. In the realm of structural restoration of historical buildings[56], Numerous approaches to the structural rehabilitation of historic structures are outlined, highlighting the intricacies inherent in these undertakings. Carbon composites are being considered for the protection of historic baroque vaults, with a focus on strengthening load-bearing structures to withstand earthquakes and addressing associated technical challenges[58].Moreover, the impact of historical events on river wildlife and the challenges associated with its restoration underscore the significance of using historical conditions or relatively natural reference systems as a foundation for establishing restoration objectives. This emphasizes the complexities that are involved in this process.[59].In the field of analyzing energy refurbishment and thermal insulation in historical buildings, it is emphasized that actions such as window replacement and curtain installation alone are not adequate to meet contemporary living standards and improve energy efficiency. This underscores the difficulties involved in harmonizing modern standards with historical structures. The text also examines the seismic upgrading of old masonry buildings, highlighting the typical use of repair and reinforcement techniques during restoration projects and emphasizing the technical difficulties involved in retrofitting historic structures. [60]Restoring historical and cultural monuments involves a comprehensive approach that emphasizes the complexities inherent in designing and studying objects of cultural heritage with extensive histories of existence.

Overcoming obstacles

This indicates the significant challenges associated with restoring such monuments.[61]. In addition, the document discusses the restoration and strengthening of traditional wooden buildings using stainless steel. It highlights the priority given to repairing or restoring original historical connection elements and underscores the challenges involved in incorporating modern materials into old structures. In summary, the restoration of historic structures in urban renewal is a complex and multifaceted endeavor. Historical, technical, and ecological factors all have an impact on it. The limitations and challenges associated with inheriting and restoring historic structures underscore the need for a holistic and interdisciplinary approach to address the complexities involved in achieving historical conditions in restoration efforts.

In summary, by utilizing private cash as the primary catalyst for rehabilitation and implementing relevant local regulations and norms, integrated management may be effectively conducted, with the street office of the historical building serving as the fundamental administrative unit. The street office should be in charge of managing the general procedures pertaining to the renovation of old buildings. It is imperative to establish clear rules and streamline procedures to ensure that the renovation process is well-documented and compliant with the law. This will facilitate the participation of knowledgeable individuals, enabling them to fulfill their respective roles and harness the collective power of society to effectively preserve old historic buildings. Individuals with more expertise will be granted permission to participate, each fulfilling their own roles, and the collective influence of society will be harnessed to collaboratively achieve the preservation, restoration, and enhancement of ancient historical structures. The study of "Jiangcuo and Lucuo" in Xiamen, China, offers valuable insights into urban growth, environmental conservation, and sustainable development. It highlights the need for adjusting industrial structures, promoting green industries, and planning urban growth boundaries to achieve the eco-city stage. The research also looks at how urban impervious surfaces affect urban heat islands and the transmission of dengue fever in Xiamen City. It also examines heat adaptive capacity in Xiamen Island and the need for transboundary marine governance mechanisms to address environmental challenges in coastal areas. The research highlights the significance of evaluating geographical accessibility for determining residential appropriateness using network big data for the development of sustainable urban communities.

Overall, the combination of these sources establishes a thorough basis for future investigations into the preservation and rehabilitation of historical buildings in urban revitalization efforts, specifically focusing on the case of "Jiangcuo and Lucuo" in Xiamen, China. The studies provide valuable information on several aspects of urban development, including the dynamics of urban expansion, the conservation of the environment, the hazards to public health, the ability to adapt to changes, the governance across borders, and the ease of accessing different areas. All of these factors are crucial for achieving sustainable urban development and ensuring the protection of historic buildings.

Acknowledgments:This paper was funded by the Natural Science Foundation of Jiangsu Province (Grants No. BK20230618). We extend our sincere appreciation to Prof. Zhang Wei, Dean of school of Arts of Nantong University, for his invaluable advice and suggestions at various stages of our work.

Funding: The author(s) disclosed receipt of the following financial support for the research, authorship, and/or publication of this article: This work was supported by was funded by the Natural Science Foundation of Jiangsu Province (Grants No. BK20230618).

Data availability: Upon a reasonable request, the corresponding author can provide the data supporting the findings of this study.

Author contributions: Author contributions: FD, AM conceived and planned the research; ZS conducted field experiments and collected data; FD, ZS analyzed the data; FD drafted the text, AM edited it., in summary all authors contributed equally to this article.

Declaration of conflicting interests: The author(s) have explicitly declared that they do not have any potential conflicts of interest related to the research, authorship, and/or publication of this manuscript.

ORCID iD

Francis Deng Clement https://orcid.org/0009-0004-8359-447X

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Inheriting and Restoring Historic Structures in Urban Renewal: A Study of "Jiangcuo and Lucuo" in Xiamen, China

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Abstract

Figures

Introduction

The past and present lives of two old houses

The Status of Chiang and Lu Alcove

Methods and Materials

Technical level as a basic guarantee

Selection of materials

Methods of Renovation

Repair the old as in the beginning

Combination of reinforcement and maintenance:

Guidelines for the industry

Property Rights Ideas

Results

Lanqin Ancient House, No. 25 Dazhi Wine Lane

Discussion

Restoration

Resilient

Overcoming obstacles

Declarations

References

Additional Declarations

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